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TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



SPECIAL REPORT 



RELATING TO 



THE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF WOOL AND ITS MANUFACTURES IN 

THE UNITED STATES AND THE PRINCIPAL FOREIGN COUNTRIES ; 

ALSO ITS PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND MANUFACTURE; 

ALSO THE TARIFF DUTIES IMPOSED ON THE IMPORTS 

OF WOOL AND THE MANUFACTURES OF WOOL, 

FROM 1789 TO THE PRESENT TIME, 

ETC., ETC., ETC. 



PREPARED BY THE 



CHIEF OP THE BIJEEAU OF STATISTICS, 

TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 



WASHINGTON: 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING- OFFICE. 
1887. 
5402 w 



ss> 



■*) 



Treasury Department, 
Document No. 1025. 
Bureau of Statistics 



v \s\W 



CONTENTS 



Page. 

Letter of transmittal '. IX 

Introduction XI 

Importance of the sheep industry, of wool, and the manufactures of wool.. XI 

Progress of the manufacture of textile fabrics in the United States XII 

Characteristics of wool and how it differs from hair XITI 

Kinds and species of wool, and how improved by domestic culture XIV 

Different breeds of wool-producing sheep XVIII 

English terms applied to sheep XIX 

Commercial words and phrases defined XX 



History of the Condition, Growth, and Progress of Sheep-raising, 
Wool-growing, and Woolen Manufactures in the American Col- 
onies and in the United States: 

Antiquity of sheep, wool, and garments of wool XXXII 

England : 

Knowledge of the use and manufacture of wool brought by the Romans 

at the time of their conquest XXXIII 

Prohibitory laws XXXIII 

First blankets manufactured in 1340 XXXIII 

Dyeing first attempted in 1606 XXXIII 

Jealousy of her American Colonies XXXIV 

American Colonies : 

First sheep brought to Jamestown, Va., in 1609 XXXIV 

Massachusetts encourages by law, in 1645, the raising of sheep XXXV 

Virginia, in 1662, prohibits the exportation of wool, and offers premium 

on the manufacture of cloth XXXV 

Origin and development of wool growing in the United States XXXV 

Sheep-raising supersedes cattle-raising along Mexican border XXXVIII 

Improvement of stock in Texas XXXVIII 

Sheep-culture in California, Ohio, and other States XXXIX 

Locality of product, and relative amounts of clothing, combing, and carpet 

wools raised XL 

Number of sheep and weight of clip XLII 

Average weights of the fleece from 1840 to I860 XLIII 

Information in regard to the qualities of wool XLIV 

The wool industry in foreign countries: Wool product of India ; African 
colonies; Australia; Argentine Republic ; Russia; England, France, and 

Germany XLV 

Development of woolen manufactures in the United States: 

Manufacture of wool in the Colonies began with the erection of fulling- 
mills in Massachusetts in 1Q48 XL VII 

Erection in 1788, at Hartford, Conn., of the first woolen factory XL VIII 

Changes in the tariff on wool L 

Advance towards perfection in woolen manufactures began in llauuel 

goods in 1821 L 

Increased productive power of woolen machinery LII 

Principal states and cities in the wool-manufacturing industries LII 

in 



IV CONTENTS. 

Page. 

The several branches of wool manufactures : 

Worsted manufactures LII 

Carpet manufactures LIII 

Hosiery manufactures LIV 

Wool hats and felt goods LV 

Shoddy LV 

Manufactures of alpaca, angora, and cashmere wool LV 

Development of wool manufactures in the United States, by Mr. George 
William Bond, of Boston, Mass. : 

Early wool machinery LVI 

English penal laws against exporting wool machinery LVI 

Processes of manufacture LVI 

Early imports of woolen goods L VII 

Wool tariff of 1824 LVII 

Wool tariffs of 1828 and 1829 LVIII 

Wool tariff of 1832 LVIII 

Wool tariffs of 1842 and 185? LIX 

Wool tariff of 1864 LX 

Proposed tariff of 1866 LX 

Table showing the relation of imports to home productiou of wool, &c. LXI 

Competition in wool-raising with foreign countries LXIV 

Tariff discriminations between worsted and woolen LXVI 

Development of the raw wool trade LXVI 

Manufactures of woolens in foreign countries LXVIII 

Comments on Appendix tables LXVIII 

DIAGRAMS. 

1. Diagram showing the number of sheep in the United States from 1875 

to 1887, inclusive LXXI 

2. Diagram showing quantities of wool produced, imported, and retained 

for consumption in the United States from 1839 to 1887. inclusive . . LXXIII 

3. Diagram showing the quantities of imported clothing, combing, and 

carpet wools entered for consumption in the United States during 

the years from 1872 to 1886, inclusive LXXIV 

4. Diagram showing the value of imported wool entered for consumption 

and amounts of duty received thereon during the years ending June 

30, from 1867 to 1886, inclusive LXXVII 

5. Diagram showing the value of manufactures of wool imported into 

the United States from 1821 to 1887, inclusive LXXIX 

6. Diagram showing the value of imported manufactures of wool entered 

for consumption and the amounts of duty received during the years 

from 1867 to 1886, inclusive LXXXI 

7. Diagram showing the value of the products of the principal manufact- 

uring industries of the United States for 1880 LXXXIII 

8. Diagram showing the comparative value of some of the leading agri- 

cultural and mineral products of the United States for 1885 LXXXV 

9. Diagram showing the number of sheep and lambs of the principal 

wool-producing countries of the world LXXXVII 

10. Diagram showing the quantities of ra,w wool produced in each of the 

principal wool-producing countries of the world LXXX1X 

11. Diagram showing the value of imports of raw wool and manufactures 

of wool in each of the principal commercial countries XCI 

12. Diagram showing the value of the exports of raw wool and manufact- 

ures of wool from the principal commercial countries XCIII 



CONTENTS. V 

APPENDIX. 

THE UNITED STATES. 
Table. Page. 

1. Quantities and values of raw wool imported into the United States from 

the principal and other foreign countries, with the total quantities and 
values of foreign raw wool exported and the net imports of the same, 
1822-1887 2 

2. Quantities and values of raw wool imported into the principal and other 

customs districts of the United States, 1856-1887 12 

3. Quantities of raw wool produced, iruj)orted, exported, and retained for 

home consumption, 1839-1887 16 

4. Quantities and values of imported wool entered for consumption, with 

the rates and amounts of duty collected on the same, 1867-1886 17 

5. Kinds and quantities of raw wool imported into the ports of New York, 

Boston, and Philadelphia, by countries of production and immediate 
shipment, 1882-1887 29 

6. Values of woolen manufactures imported from the principal and other for- 

eign countries, with the total values of the exports and net imports of 
foreign woolen manufactures, 1821-1887 36 

7. Quantities and values of woolen manufactures imported, with the esti- 

mated amounts of duty collected on the same, 1821-1866 38 

8. Quantities and values of imported woolen manufactures entered for con- 

sumption, with the rates and amounts of duty collected on the same, 
1867-1886 52 

9. Summary of the quantities and values of the net imports of wool and 

of the values of woolen manufactures imported, with the estimated 
amounts of duty collected on the same, 1822-1866 104 

10. Summary of the quantities and values of imported wool and manufact- 

ures of wool entered for consumption, with the amounts of duty col- 
lected on the same, 1867-1886 106 

11. Quantities and values of domestic wool exported, 1846-1S87 ; values of 

domestic woolen manufactures exported, 1864-1887, and number and 

value of domestic sheep exported, 1821-1887 108 

12. Prices of various kinds of wool in the markets of New York and Phila- 

delphia (see Wool prices, Tables Nos. 69 and 70) : 

a. Prices of fine, medium, and coarse wool in the New York market, 

from 1824-1887 109 

b. Prices of various kinds of wool in the market of Philadelphia from 

1864-1887 110 

13. Tariff rates on imports of wool and woolen manufactures in the United 

States, 1789-1883 119 

a. Synopses of decisions of the Treasury Department relating to wool 

and manufactures of wool under tariff act of March 3, 1883 132 

14. Number of establishments, capital invested, hands employed, wages paid, 

cost of materials used, and value of products of the manufacture of 
worsted and woolen goods in each State and Territory of the United 
States, 1850,1860, 1870, and 1880 142 

15. Number of machines, looms, and spindles used in the manufacture of 

woolen and worsted goods in each State and Territory of the United 
States, 1870 and 1880 145 

16. Number of establishments, cards, machines, looms, and employe's, 

amounts of wages paid and capital invested, and the total values of 
materials used in, and the products of, the manufacture of woolen goods, 
worsted goods, carpets, felt goods, and hosiery iu each State of the 
United States, 1880 154 



VI CONTENTS. 

Table. Page- 

17. Quantities ami values of materials used in, the quantities of the several 

products and their total values of, the manufacture of woolen goods, 
worsted goods, felt goods, woolen hats, carpets, hosiery, and knit goods 
in the United States, 1880 157 

18. Average daily wages paid to employe's in woolen factories in the States 

of Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Kentucky, aud wages paid to 

like employe's in the United Kingdom, 1885 161 

19. Number of sheep on farms and the crop of wool in each State and Terri- 

tory of the United States, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880 .... 1 162 

20. Number of sheep iu each State and Territory of the United States, each 

year from 1875 to 1887, inclusive 164 

FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

The following tables, unless otherwise specified, are compiled from official 
data: 

21. Austria- Hungary. — Quantities of manufactures of wool imported into and 

exported from Austria-Hungary, by countries, 1885 167 

22. Quantities and values of wool and manufactures of wool imported into 

and exported from Austria-Hungary, 1875-1884 167 

23. Belgium. — Quantities and values of manufactures of wool imported into 

and exported from Belgi urn, by countries, 1885 168 

24. Quantities and values of wool and manufactures of wool imported into 

and exported from Belgium, 1874-1884 169 

25. Denmark. — Quantities of manufactures of wool imported into and ex- 

ported from Denmark, by countries, 1884 169 

26. Quantities of wool and manufactures of wool imported into, and of wool 

exported from, Denmark, 1874-1884 170 

27. France. — Quantity of each kind, and total value of manufactures of wool 

imported into and exported from France, by countries, 1865 171 

28. Quantities and values of wool and manufactures of wool imported into 

and exported from France, 1861-1865 173 

29. Quantities and values of imported wool entered for consumption in France, 

by countries, and amounts of duty collected, 1820-1840 174 

30. Quantities and values of woolen yarns and cloth exported from France, 

and premium paid thereon, 1820-1840 174 

31. Values of woolen cloths exported from France, by countries, 1833 and 1840. 175 

32. Germany. — Quantities of manufactures of wool imported into and exported 

from Germany, by countries, 1885 175 

33. Quantities and values of wool and manufactures of wool imported into 

and exported from Germany, 1875-1884 177 

34. Italy. — Quantities of manufactures of wool imported into and exported 

from Italy, by countries, and total values of the same, 1885 177 

35. Quantities and values of wool and manufactures of wool imported into, and 

of manufactures of wool exported from, Italy, 1874-1884 179 

36. Netherlands. — Quantities and values of manufactures of wool imported 

into and exported from the Netherlands, by countries, 1883 179 

37. Quantities and values of wool and manufactures of wool imported into 

and exported from the Netherlands, 1874-1884 180 

38. Koruay. — Quantities and values of wool and manufactures of wool im- 

ported into Norway, 1874-1884 180 

39. Portugal. —Quantities and values of wool and manufactures of wool im- 

ported into, and of wool exported from, Portugal, 1874-1884 181 

40. Russia in Europe. — Quantities and values of wool and manufactures of 

wool imported into, and of wool exported from, Russia, in Europe, 1874- 

1884 181 



CONTENTS. VII 

Table. . Page.. 

41. Spain. — Quantities of manufactures of wool imported into and exported 

from Spain, by countries, and total values of the same, 1885 181 

42. Quantities and values of manufactures of wool imported into, and of 

wool exported from, Spain, 1874-1884 182 

43. Sweden. — Quantities and values of wool and manufactures of wool im- 

ported into Sweden, 1873-1883 182 

44. Switzerland. — Quantities and values of manufactures of wool imported 

into and exported from Switzerland, by countries, 1885 183 

45. United Kingdom. — Quantities and values of manufactures of wool im- 

ported into and exported from the United Kingdom, by countries, 1885. 185 

46. Quantities of wool imported into the United Kingdom, by countries, 

1844-1860 190 

47. Quantities of wool imported from each country, and total value of wool 

imported into the United Kingdom; also quantities of foreign wool 
exported, and of net imports, 1861-1885 191 

48. Quantities and values of manufactures of wool imported into the United 

Kingdom, 1861-1885 192 

49. Quantities and values of manufactures of wool exported from the United 

KiDgdom, 1861-1885 193 

50. Values of manufactures of wool exported from the United Kingdom, 

1718-1860 194 

51. Dominion of Canada. — Quantities and values of wool and manufactures 

of wool imported into and exported from the Dominion of Canada, by 
countries, 1884, 1885, and 1886 195 

52. British India.— Quantities and values of manufactures of wool imported 

into, and of wool and manufactures of wool exported from, British 

India, 1876-1885 199 

53. New Souih Wales. — Quantities and values of wool imported into and ex- 

ported from New South Wales, 1875-1884 199 

54. Victoria. — Quantities and values of wool and manufactures of wool im- 

ported into, and of wool exported from, Victoria, 1875-1885 199 

55. South Ausiralia. — Quantities and values of wool imported into and ex- 

ported from South Australia, 1875-1884 200 

56. Tasmania. — Quantities and values of wool exported from Tasmania, 1875- 

1884 200 

57. New Zealand. — Quantities and values of manufactures of wool imported 

into, and of wool exported from, New Zealand, 1875-1884 200 

58. Queensland. — Quantities and values of wool exported from Queensland, 

1875-1884 200 

59. Natal.— Quantities and values of manufactures of wool imported into, 

and of wool exported from, Natal, 1875-1884 201 

60. Cape of Good Hope. — Quantities and values of manufactures of wool im- 

ported into, and of wool exported from, the Cape of Good Hope, 1875- 

1884 201 

61. Egypt. — Values of manufactures of wool imported into, and of wool ex- 

ported from, Egypt, 1875-1884 201 

62. China (exclusive of Hong-Kong). — Values of manufactures of wool im- 

ported into China, 1874-1884 202 

63. Japan. — Quantities and values of manufactures of wool imported into 

Japan, 1868-1885 203 

64. Information in regard to wool and woolen industries of the United King- 

dom, France, Germany, and Russia 204 

65. Tariff rates on imports of wool and manufactures of wool into— 

Austria-Hungary 210 

Bel-ium £10 



VIII CONTENTS. 

Table. Page. 

65. Tariff rates on imports of wool, and manufactures of wool, into — Con- 

tinued. 

Denmark 210 

France 211 

Germany 213 

Greece 213 

Italy 214 

Netherlands 214 

Norway 214 

Portugal 214 

Roumania 215 

Russia.. . 215 

Servia 21G 

Spain 216 

Sweden 217 

Switzerland 217 

Turkey 217 

United Kingdom 217 

Dominion of Canada 217 

Mexico 218 

Honduras 220 

Nicaragua 220 

Salvador 220 

Hayti 220 

Porto Rico 221 

Argentine Republic 221 

Brazil 222 

Chili 222 

Ecuador 223 

Peru 223 

United States of Colombia 223 

Venezuela 323 

China 223 

Corea 224 

Japan 224 

Siam 224 

British India 224 

New South Wales 224 

Victoria 224 

New Zealand 224 

66. Tariff rates on foreign and colonial wool imported into the United King- 

dom from 1818 to their abolition in 1844 ; the quantities of wool im- 
ported, and the prices of Southdown and Kent long wool, 1818-1845.. . 225 

67. Wool crop in each of the principal and all other wool-producing countries 

of the world 225 

68. Number of sheep and goats in the various countries of the world 226 

Addenda to United States. 

69. Prices of different kinds of wool at Boston for each month from January, 

1882, to December, 1886, inclusive, with average prices and average 

range of prices for each six and twelve months 228 

70. Price or cost in the foreign market of imported clothing, combing, and 

carpet wools entered for consumption in the United States, each year 

from 1867 to 1887, inclusive 231 



LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 



Treasury Department, 
Bureau of Statistics, September 6, 1887. 

Sir : I have the honor herewith to transmit a special report on the 
imports, exports, &c, of wool and the manufactures of wool, in which 
will be found a brief history of the development of sheep husbandry, 
and of wool and woolen manufactures in the United States and other 
countries. 

Among other interesting statistics are tables showing the production 
and consumption of wool, and the progress of our manufactures of wool 
and worsted, the number of machines and employes engaged in their 
manufacture, capital invested, wages paid, and the materials consumed 
in each State of the United States in 1880. 

Tables are also presented showing the tariff duties on imports of wool 
and its manufactures into the United States from the first wool tariff of 
1789 to the present time, together with synopses of all the decisions in 
customs cases made by the Treasury Department relating to wool and 
the manufactures of wool under the tariff act of 18S3. The tariff duties 
imposed on imports of wool and the manufactures of wool in foreign 
countries are also exhibited. 

I was induced to prepare this report on these great and growing in- 
dustries of our country, and of other countries, because of very numer- 
ous calls for information in respect to them and of their prominence and 
increasing interest in the discussions of Congress and among the people. 
Eespectfully, 



(m^- 




Chief of Bureau. 
Hon. 0. S. Fairchild, 

Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, B. G. 



SPECIAL REPORT ON WOOL AND THE MANUFACT- 
URES OF WOOL. 



IN TR OD UCTION. 

The wool industry of the United States has assumed such proportions 
and importance, and the calls for information in respect to it are so nu- 
merous, as to justify a special report, more or less exhaustive, present, 
ing the history of its development and disclosing its present condition 
and -future possibilities. 

It is not intended, of course, to enter upon a discussion of any of the 
phases of the economic problems involved in the past, present, or pro- 
posed tariff legislation of Congress in regard to raw wool or any of the 
various forms into which it has been or may be manufactured 5 the 
proper function of this Bureau being discharged by the collection and 
publication of full and accurate statistical and other information de- 
manded by the current of public thought and the growing importance 
of the subject. 

That it is of increasing interest and value to the people of the United 
States will be plainly seen by the following statistical totals of the prog- 
gress of sheep-raising and of the manufactures of wool: 

Number of sheep in the United States in 1875, 33,783,600; of which 
there were 4,683,200 in California; 4,592,600 in Ohio, and 3,416,500 in 
Michigan; seven other States containing on an average about 1,500,000 
each. The remaining States had much less. 

The total number of sheep in the United States and Territories in 
1886, was 48,322,331; in 1887, 44,759,314, being a decrease in one year of 
3,563,017. Considering, however, the period of the past twelve years, 
we find an increase of 10,975,914, or of 32 per cent., since 1875. In 1887 
there were in California 6,069,698 head of sheep, in Ohio 4,562,913, in 
Michigan 2,156,127, and in Texas 4,761,831, showing since 1875 a de- 
crease in Ohio and Michigan, while Texas more than tripled the num- 
ber in the State in 1875. New Mexico in 1880 (we have no data for 
1875), had 2,088,831 sheep, which number increased by 1887 to 4,025.712. 
Oregon, in 1875, had 634,400 sheep ; in 1887, 2,593,029. Kansas, in 1875, 
had 118,000 sheep; in 1887, 1 ,106,852. Colorado, in 1875 (no returns for 

XI 



XII WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

1878), had 600,000; in 18S7, 1,149,178. Nebraska, in 1875, had 42,600 
sheep; in 1887, 439,700.* 

The quantities aud value of wool produced in the United States and 
Territories, as estimated by the statistician of the Department oi 
Agriculture, were: In 1865, 155,000,000 pounds; value not giveu; in 1875, 
192,000,000 pounds, value, $94,320,652; in 1880, 240,000,000 pounds, 
value, $90,230,537; in 1886, 285,000,000 pounds, value, $68,400,000. 

The value of the manufactures of worsted and woolen goods was: in 
1850, $43,207,545; in 1860, $65,596,364; in 1870, $177,495,689; and in 
1880, $267,252,913. 

Respecting the quantities and values of imports and exports of raw 
wool into andfrom the United States for a long series of years, by principal 
foreign countries and geographical divisions, also the value of domestic 

"Observing a remarkable decrease in the number of sheep in certain States in 1857 
as compared with the number reported in other recent years, the Cbief of the Bureau 
of Statistics addressed a letter of inquiry to the Agricultural Department as to the 
causes of the decrease. On July 16, 1887, Mr. J. R. Dodge, statistician of that De- 
partment, replied as follows : 

The figures for four years as to sheep in Connecticut are: 

Numbers. 

January, 1884 58, 831 

January, 1885 50,419 

January, 188(5 r . . . 53, 477 

January, 18S7 53,477 

The number of sbeep in Connecticut is very small at any time, and has been reduced 
slightly in consequence of low prices of two years past. 

As to Ohio, the following figures give our estimate in January and the State enu- 
meration in the following May : 



Years. 


Numbers by De- 
partment. 


Numbers by 
State assessors. 


1884 , 


5, 000 036 
4, 900 035 
4. 753, 034 
4, 562, 913 


5, 113, 884 


1885 


4, 823, 922 


1886 


1887 


Not yet issued. 





The numbers of sheep of Ohio fluctuate, usually, within narrow limits, as the in- 
dustry is as firmly founded in the rural economy of this State as it is in any district 
of the United States, according to prices obtained for wool. The decline in prices of 
wool always causes a decrease in the numbers of sheep in this State. 

The sheep enumeration of'Texas is more difficult to calculate. There evidently 
has been a recent increase in the numbers of cattle and a decliue in the numbers of 
sheep, as is shown by our returns, and by those of the State authorities of Texas. 
But this does not account for the w T hole of the reduction of the present year. The 
State returns have only been made once since 1884, and they showed that our county 
estimates of increase for previous years had. been too sanguine, requiring a correction. 
Therefore, while all returns indicate a reduction of numbers since 1884, the apparent 
decrease is partly due to the above-mentioned error. It has always been far more 
difficult to estimate accurately the changes occurring, sometimes rapid and sweeping, 
in ranch flocks than in farm stocks. 

There is no kind of farm animals so sensitive to changes in prices as sheep — not 
even swine, which are cheap when corn is cheap — while the cost of caring for sheep 
is quite uniform and relatively inflexible. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XIII 

manufactures of wool exported, and the values of manufactures of wool 
imported, the reader is referred to tables on pages 1 to 11 of the Ap- 
pendix. 

An examination of the totals above given, without reference to the 
more elaborate tables to be found in the Appendix of the report, will 
confirm the indications of the rapid development and the increasing in- 
terest of the people in the production of wool and in its manufacture. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOL, AND HOW IT DIFFERS FROM HAIR. 

It is not improbable that a large number of those who will examine 
this report have a vague and indefinable, and in some respects a mis- 
leading idea of what wool in a commercial sense really is, and how 
it differs from hair or fur ; hence it is deemed proper in this place to 
attempt to disentangle it from popular misconception. 

While it is true wool is a variety of hair, which in ordinary language 
is accepted to mean a smooth, straight filament, growing from the skin 
of animals, like humau or horse hair, and without serrations of any 
kind on its surface, wool is not hair, nor is hair wool. 

Primarily the term wool is applied both to the fine hair, or fleece, of 
animals, as sheep, otter, beaver, rabbits, the alpaca, and the cashmere, 
some species of goats, and other animals, and to fine vegetable fibers, 
as cotton. But in this report the term wool refers only to the fleece of 
the sheep — an article which from the earliest periods of human history 
to the present time has been of primary importance, ranking next to 
cotton as a raw material for textile fabrics, and forming a very large 
part of the clothing of mankind in the temperate regions of the globe. 

Hair is straight ; wool is wavy. Hair is crisp and hard ; wool is soft. 
Viewed under the microscope, hair presents a smooth surface, whereas 
each woolly filament is covered with scales underlying each other, 
and projecting wherever a bend occurs in the fiber. If each fiber were 
straight and smooth, as in the case of hair, it would not retain the 
twisted state given to it by spinning, but would rapidly untwist when 
relieved from the force of the spinning-wheel; but the wavy convolu- 
tions cause the fibers to become entangled with each other and hold the 
fibers in close contact. Moreover, the deeper these scales or teeth fit 
into each other, the closer becomes the structure of the thread and con- 
sequently the cloth made of it. This gives to wool the quality of felting, 
which with hair is impossible. 

The New American Cyclopedia, page 535, says that, "placed under a 
lens of high magnifying power, each fiber of wool has the appearance of 
a continuous stem, showing along its margin minute serrations, like 
teeth of an extremely fine saw ; and a closer inspection reveals the fact 
that these are severally continuous around the entire fiber, so that they 
may be compared to as many circular leaves, cups, or calyxes, set suc- 
cessively into each other, and all opening or pointing in the direction 
from the root toward the free extremity. It was by examination of a 



XI V WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

fiber of Merino wool that these cup like ridges were first discovered; 
but once recognized, it is very easy to detect them in the coarser sorts 
of fibers. * * * Upon holding up to the light a lock of wool, or a 
single fiber, it is further observed that the fibers have all permanently 
acquired in their growth a form more or less twisted or spiral, like that 
of a corkscrew ; and by the two characteristics thus discovered the felt- 
ing and thread- forming qualities of wool, and the valuable applications 
growing out of them, are at once explained. The contorted form of the 
fibers disposes them to embrace or interlace with, or to hook on to each 
other ; and the serratures, when the fibers are brought close together in 
felt, thread, or cloth, present that resistance to slipping and separation 
which is indispensable to the strength of the fabric. In the long Merino 
and Saxon wools these scales or projections are very distinct and 
acutely pointed ; in the Southdown, somewhat less distinct and sharp ; 
in the Leicester, at least the ordinary variety, quite rounded off" and in- 
distinct. In fine Saxon wool, 2,720 of these imbrications are found to 
in the ordinary Merin 

So far as this single quality is concerned, the results are in strict accord- 
ance with the known relative values of the several wools for manufact- 
ure; since the felting of Saxon wool is superior to that of all others, 
that of the Southdown inferior to that of both Saxon and ordinary Me- 
rino, and that of the Leicester least of all. Either the Southdown or 
Leicester wool, alone, makes a fuzzy, hairy cloth, and neither is now 
used in England except for the poorest cloths, or when largely admixed 
with wool of a better quality of fiber. Of two varieties of wool in which 
the number of the imbrications is about equal, that in which they are at 
once smaller and more uniform will be the softer and more elastic." 

KINDS AND SPECIES OF WOOL AND HOW IMPROVED BY DOMESTIC 

CULTURE. 

f From Ure's Dictionary. | 

" In reference to textile fabrics, sheep's wool is of two different sorts, 
the short and the long-stapled ; each of which requires different modes 
of manufacture in the preparation and spinning processes, as also in 
the treatment of the cloth after it is woven, to fit it for the market. 
Each of these is, moreover, distinguished in commerce by the names of 
fleece wools and dead wools, according as they have been shorn at the 
usual annual period from the living animal, or are cut from its skin 
after death. The latter are comparatively harsh, weak, and incapable 
of imbibing the dyeing principles, more especially if the sheep has died 
of some malignant distemper. 

"The wool of the sheep has been surprisingly improved by its domestic 
culture. The mouflon (Ovis aries), the parent stock from which our 
sheep is undoubtedly derived, and which is still found in a wild state 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XV 

upon the mountains of Sardinia, Corsica, Barbary, Greece, and Asia 
Minor, has a very short and coarse fleece, more like hair than wool. 
When this animal is brought under the fostering' care of man, the rank 
fibers gradually disappear, while the soft wool round their roots, little 
conspicuous in the wild animal, becomes singularly developed. The 
male most speedily undergoes this change, and continues ever after- 
wards to possess far more power in modifying the fleece of the offspring 
than the female parent. The produce of a breed from a coarse- wooled 
ewe and a fine-wooled ram is of a mean quality between the two, but 
half-way nearer that of the sire. By coupling the female thus gener- 
ated with such a male as the former, another improvement of one-halt 
will be obtained, affording a staple three fourths finer than that of the 
grandam. By proceeding inversely, the wool would be as rapidly de- 
teriorated. It is, therefore, a matter of the first consequence in wool 
husbandry to exclude from the flock all coarse-fleeced rams. 

" Long wool is the produce of a peculiar variety of sheep, and varies 
in the length of its fibers from 3 to 8 inches. Such wool is not carded 
like cotton, but combed like flax, either by hand or appropriate ma- 
chinery. Short wool is seldom longer than 3 or 4 inches; it is suscepti- 
ble of carding and felting, by which processes the filaments become 
first convoluted, and then den sly matted together. The shorter sorts 
of the combing wools are used principally for hosiery, though of late 
years the finer kinds have been extensively worked up into Merino and 
other useful fabrics. The longer wools of the Leicestershire breed are 
manufactured into hard yarns, for worsted pieces,such as waistcoats, 
carpets, bombazines, poplins, crapes, &c. 

" The wool of which good broadcloth is made should be not only shorter, 
but, generally speaking, finer and softer than the worsted wools, in 
order to fit them for the falling process. Some wool sorters and wool- 
staplers acquire by practice great nicety of discernment in judging 
of wools by the touch and traction of the fingers. 

"There are four distinct qualities of wool upon every sheep, the finest 
being upon the spine, from the neck to within 6 inches of the tail, in- 
cluding one-third of the breadth of the back ; the second covers the 
flanks, between the thighs and the shoulders ; the third clothes the 
neck aud rump ; and the fourth extends upon the lower part of the 
neck and breast down to the feet, as also upon a part of the shoulders 
and the thighs to the bottom of the hind quarter. These should be 
torn asunder, and sorted, immediately after the shearing. 

"The harshness of wools is dependent not solely upon the breed of the 
animal, or the climate, but is owing to certain peculiarities in the past- 
ure derived from the soil. It is known that in sheep fed upon chalky 
districts wool is apt to get coarse ; but in those upon a rich loamy 
soil it becomes soft aud silky. The ardent sun of Spain renders the 
fleece of the Merino breed harsher than it is in the milder climate of Sax- 



XVI WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

ony. Smearing sheep with a mixture of tar and butter is deemed 
favorable to the softness of the wool. 

"All wool, in its natural state, contains a quantity of a peculiar potash 
soap, secreted by the animal, called in this country the yolk (which 
possesses a peculiar odor), and which may be washed out by water alone, 
with which it forms a sort of lather. It constitutes from 25 to 50 per 
cent, of the wool, being most abundant in the Merino breed of sheep ; 
and however favorable to the growth of the wool on the living animal, 
should be taken out soon after it is shorn, lest it injure the fibers by 
fermentation and cause them to become hard and brittle. After being 
washed in water, somewhat more than lukewarm, the wool should be 
well pressed and carefully dried." 

[From McCulloch's Commercial Dictionary, vol. 2, ed. 1845.] 

" It has been customary in this country to divide wool into two great 
classes — long and short wools; and these again into subordinate classes, 
according to the fineness of the fiber. 

" Short wool is used in the cloth manufacture, and is therefore fre- 
quently called clothing wool. It may vary in length from 1 to 3 or I 
inches ; if it be longer, it requires to be cut or broken to prepare it for 
the manufacture. 

"The felting property of wool is known to every one. The process of 
hat-making, for example, depends entirely upon it. The wool of which 
hats are made is neither spun nor woven, but locks of it, being thor- 
oughly intermixed and compressed in warm water, cohere and form a 
solid tenacious substance. 

"Cloth and woolen goods are made from wool possessing this prop- 
erty ; the wool is carded, spun, woven, and then, being put into the full- 
ing mill, the process of feltiug takes place. The strokes of the mill 
make the fibers cohere ; the piece subjected to the operation contracts 
in length and breadth, and its texture becomes more compact and uni- 
form. This process is essential to the beauty and strength of woolen 
cloth. But the long wool of which stuffs and worsted goods are made 
is deprived of its felting properties. This is done by passing the wool 
through heated iron combs, which takes away tbe lamime or feathery 
part of the wool, and approximates it to the nature of silk or cotton. 

"Long or combing wool may vary in length from 3 to 8 inches. The 
shorter combing wools are principally used for hose, and arc spun softer 
than the long combing wools, the former being made into which is 
called hard, and the latter into soft worsted yarn. 

"The fineness of the hair or fiber can rarely be estimated, at least for 
any useful purpose, except by the wool sorter or dealer, accustomed by 
long habit to discern those minute differences that are quite inappreci- 
able by common observers. In sorting wools there are frequently eight 
or ten different species in a single fleece; aud if the best wool of one 
fleece be not equal to the finest sort it is thrown to a second, third, or 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XVII 

fourth, or to a still lower sort, of an equal degree of fineness with it. 
The best English short native fleeces, such as the fine Norfolk and 
Southdown, are generally divided by the worsted-sorter into the follow- 
ing sorts, all 'varying in fineness from each other, viz : 1, prime ; 2, 
choice; 3, super; 4, head; 5, downrights; 6, seconds; 7, fine abb; 9, 
livery ; 10, short coarse or breech wool. The relative value of each 
varies according to the greater demand for coarse, fine, or middle 
cloths. 

" The softness of the fiber is a quality of great importance. It is not 
dependent on the fineness of the fiber, and consists of a peculiar feel 
approaching to that of silk or down. The difference in the value of two 
pieces of cloth made of two kinds of wool equally fine, but one distin- 
guished for its softness and the other for the opposite quality, is such, 
that with the same process and expense of manufacture the one will be 
worth from 20 to 25 per cent, more than the other. The degree of soft- 
ness depends principally on the nature of the soil on which sheep are fed ; 
that sheep pastured on chalk districts, or light calcareous soils, usually 
produce hard wool; while the wool of those that are pastured on rich 
loamy, argillaceous soils, is always distinguished by its softness. Of 
the foreign wools the Saxon is generally softer than the Spanish. Hard 
wools are all defective in their felting properties. 

" In clothing wool the color of the fleece should always approach as 
much as possible to the purest white, because such wool is not only neces- 
sary for cloths dressed white, but for all cloths that are to be dyed bright 
colors, for which a clear white ground is required to give a due degree 
of richness and luster. Some of the English fine wooled sheep, as»the 
Norfolk and Southdown, have black or gray faces and legs. In all such 
sheep there is a tendency to grow gray wool on some part of the body, 
or to produce some gray fibers intermixed with the fleece, which renders 
the wool unfit for many kinds of white goods ; for though the black 
hairs may be too few and minute to be detected by the wool-sorter, yet 
when the cloth is stoved they become visible, forming reddish spots, by 
which its color is much injured. The Herefordshire sheep, which have 
white faces, are entirely free from this defect, and yield a fleece without 
any admixture of gray hairs. 

" The cleanness of the wool is an important consideration. The Span- 
ish wool, for example, is always scoured after it is shorn; whereas the 
English wool is only imperfectly washed on the sheej) previously to its 
being shorn. In consequence, it is said that while a pack of English 
clothing wool of 210 pounds weight will waste about 70 pounds in the 
manufacture, the same quantity of Spanish will not waste more than 
4S pounds. Cleanness, therefore, is an object of much importance to the 
buyer. 

"Before the recent improvements in the spinning of wool by machin- 
ery, great length and strength of staple was considered indispensable 
5102 w 2 



XVIII WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

in most combing wools. The fleeces of the long-wooled sheep fed in the 
rich marshes of Kent and Lincoln used to be reckoned peculiarly suit- 
able for the purposes of the wool-comber ; but tbe improvements alluded 
to have effected a very great change in this respect, and have enabled 
the manufacturer to substitute short wool of 3 inches staple, in the 
place of long combing wool, in the preparation of most worsted articles. 
A great alteration has, in consequence, taken place in the proportion of 
long to short wool since 1800, there having been in the interim a con- 
siderable increase in the quantity of the latter. 

"Whiteness of fleece is of less importance in the long combing than 
in clothing wool, provided it be free from gray hairs. Sometimes, how- 
ever, the fleece has a dingy brown color, called a winter stain, which is 
a sure indication that the wool is not in a thoroughly sound state. 
Such fleeces are carefully thrown out by the wool-sorter, being suitable 
only for goods that are to be dyed black. The fineness of heavy comb- 
ing wool is not of so much consequence as its other qualities. 

"The Merino or Spanish breed of sheep was introduced into this coun- 
try about the close of last century. George III was a great patron 01 
this breed, which was for several years a very great favorite. But it 
has been ascertained that, though the fleece does not much degenerate 
here, the carcass, which is naturally ill-formed, and affords compara- 
tively little weight of meat, does not improve ; and as. the farmer, in 
the kind of sheerj which he keeps, must look not only to the produce of 
wool, but also to the butcher market, he has found it his interest rather 
to return to the native breeds of his own country, and to give up the 
Spanish sheep. They have, however, been of considerable service to 
the flocks of England, having been judiciously crossed with the South- 
down, Eyeland, &c." 

DIFFERENT BEEEDS OF WOOL-PRODUCING SHEEP. 

fFrom Chambers Encyclopedia.] 

"As long-stapled wools are used for worsted goods, and short-stapled 
for woolen goods, the various breeds which yield these two leading 
kinds are naturally divided into the long-wooled and short- wooled classes 
of sheep. The Lincoln, the Leicester, and the Cotswold breeds are con- 
sidered good types of the former, and the Down, the Welsh, and the 
Shetland breeds, of the latter. 

" The following brief notice of the characteristic properties of the 
various native wools is founded upon the description given of them in 
the jury report of the International Exhibition of 1862, Class IV. 

"Of the 'long wools' the Lincoln has greatly risen in value of late 
years. It is coarse, of great length, and silky in appearance, so that it 
is well adapted for ' luster' goods, in imitation of alpaca fabrics. Lei- 
cester wool is highly esteemed for combing. It is rather finer in the 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XIX 

hair, but not usually so soft and silky in the staple as the last. Cots- 
wold wool is similar to the Leicester, but somewhat harsher. It is not 
suited for luster goods. Highland wool is long stapled, and of coarse 
quality, but known to be susceptible of great improvements. The prac- 
tice of ' smearing ' greatly depreciates its value. It is chiefly used for 
the coarsest kinds of woolen fabrics, as carpets, rugs, and similar arti- 
cles. It is also used for Scotch blankets. 

"Of the 'short wools,' the different breeds of Downs partake very 
much of the same characters, but soil and climate so far affect them- 
The Southdown is a short-stapled, small-haired wool, the longer qual- 
ities of which aro put aside for combing purposes, and the shorter for 
the manufacture of light woolen goods, such as flannel. The Hamp- 
shire Down differs from it in being coarser, and in having the staple. 
usually longer. The Oxford Down, again, exceeds the last in length 
and coarseness of staple. The Norfolk Down, on the other hand, when 
clean, is of a very fine and valuable character. The Shropshire Down 
is a breed increasing in importance, and is longer in the staple, and has 
more luster than any of the other Down breeds. Ey eland's wool is fine 
and short, but the breed is nearly extinct. The Welsh and Shetland 
wools have a hair-like texture, deficient in the spiral form, upon which 
depends the relative value of high-class wools. They are only suited 
for goods where the properties of shrinking and felting are not required. 
Shetland wool is obtained of various natural tints, which enables it to 
be used for producing different patterns without dyeing. 

" Of the intermediate wools, Dorset is clean, soft, and rather longer 
and not quite so fine in the staple as the Down breeds. The Cheviot 
has increased very much of late years in public estimation. It is a 
small, fine-haired wool, of medium length, and is suitable for woolen 
and worsted purposes, for which it is largely used." 

ENGLISH TERMS APPLIED TO SHEEP. 

[From the American Sheep-Breeder and Wool-Grower, September, 1887.] 

"The male is usually denominated a 'ram' or 'tup.' The term lamb 
is applied to the suckling young of both sexes; but the male, until 
weaned, is distinguished as a 'tup-lamb,' a 'ram-lamb,' a 'per-lamb,' or 
a 'beeder.' When weaned, until shorn (supposing him not shorn while 
a lamb) is called a 'hog,' a 'hogget,' a 'haggerel,' a ' teg,' a ' lamb-hog,' 
or a 'tup-hog;' and if castrated a 'wether-hog.' After shearing, say 
when a year and a half old, he is called a 'shearing' or 'shearling,' a 
'shear-hog,' a 'diamond' or 'dinmonc ram,' or 'tup;' and if castrated a 
'shearing wether.' 

"'Hogget- wool' is the wool of the first shearing, supposing the lamb 
was not shorn while it retained that title. After the second shearing, 
he is called a 'two-shear ram,' 'tup,' or 'wether;' next, a k three-shear 
ram,' &c, the appellation indicating the number of shearings. In the 



XX WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

north of England and in Scotland, he is called, until his first shearing, 
a 'tup-lamb,' then a 'tup-hog,' after that a 'tup ;' or if castrated a 'din- 
mont' or a 'wedder.' The female while sucking is a 'ewe-lamb' or 
'giinmer-lanib;' and when weaned a 'gimmer-hog,' a 'ewe-hog,' a 'teg,' 
a 'sheeder-ewe.' After the first shearing she is called a 'shearing-ewe' 
or 'gimmer;' sometimes a 'sheave' or a 'double-toothed ewe,' or 'teg.' 
After she is called a 'two-shear,' or a 'three-shear,' or a 'fourth -tooth, 
or a 'six-tooth ewe,' or 'sheave.' In some of the northern districts, 
ewes not in lamb, or that have weaned their lambs, are termed 'eild> 
or ' yeld' ewes. There are, besides these, other terms not in general use, 
but restricted in certain localities, which must be regarded in the sense 
of provincialisms. It is a singular fact that the age of a sheep is not 
calculated from the date of its birth, but from its first shearing, though 
at any time it may be, in reality, fifteen, sixteen or seventeen mouths 
old. flow this custom arose is not known, but it is established." 

GOHMERCIAL WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED. 

".Woolens" and "Worsteds" — What is the difference between them? 

There are two great classes of manufactures using wool as a raw 
material ; in the one where carded wool is employed the goods are called 
" woolen fabrics"; in the other where combed wool is used the goods are 
called " worsted fabrics." To the uninitiated, and in popular concep- 
tion, there is no difference between the two fabrics. It is proper, 
therefore, that the distinctions of commerce in respect to them be 
clearly defined. 

Worsted is the fiber of wool all laid exactly parallel. Woolen is 
crossed and uneven like a spider's web. They take all the long hairs 
and straighten them exactly parallel; and the shorter ones, or the noils, 
are used for woolen yarn. Only the long fiber can be made into 
" worsted." 

The fibers of wool to be used in worsted are separated from the short 
by combing, and the fibers of woolen are crossed by carding. The 
former are combing ivools. The latter, card or clothing wools, which 
formerly were the only wools used iu cloths. 

Mr. John L. Hayes, secretary of the National Association of Wool 
Manufacturers, in a paper submitted to the Senate Committee on Agri- 
culture, 1886, says : 

Until the invention of combing by machinery or power, in the early part of the 
present century, the long-stapled wools, like those from the English mutton sheep, 
were regarded as combing wools exclusively. In England and in this country, which 
has always followed the English system, only the long-stapled wools were classified 
as combing wools until as late as 1867, the period of the tariff of that designation. 
Until after that time combed wools or yarns made of such wools had never been used 
in cloths, or the fabrics for the ordinary wear of men, but were used only in stuffs or 
thin uufclted fabrics, such as dress goods and linings. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XXI 

Woolens, according to Sirnmond's Dictionary of Trade and Commerce, 
are textile fabrics made of wool, or of wool mixed with cotton, or some 
other similar material. Worsted is a thread spun of wool that has been 
combed, and which in the spinning is twisted harder than ordinary. 
It is chiefly used for knitting or weaving into carpets, stockings, caps, 
gloves, &c. 

Chambers' Encyclopedia : 

The difference between woolen and worsted fabrics is owing, in great part, to the 
way the yarn for each is spun. Yarn for woolen cloth is very slightly twisted, so as 
to leave the fibers as free as possible for the felting process. Worsted yarn, on the 
contrary, is hard spun, and made into a much stronger thread. On account of the 
feebleness of woolen yarn, it is more difficult to weave it by power-looms than either 
worsted, cotton, linen, or silk. * * * The term " worsted" is said to have derived 
its origin from a village of that name in Norfolk, England, where this manufacture 
was first carried on. Up to the end of the last century worsted goods were a staple 
trade of Norwich ; but the neglect of the factory system there led to its being trans- 
ferred to Bradford, which has become renowned as the metropolis of the worsted 
manufacture. It is also extensively carried on at Halifax and other places in York- 
shire. 

Messrs. Mauger & Avery, 105 Eeade street, New York, in a letter 
to the former chief of the Bureau of Statistics, dated April 10, 1884, 
said: 

Worsted yarn is made entirely of wool that has been combed. Strictly speaking, 
worsted goods are made entirely of worsted or combed yarns, but to cheapen the 
goods cotton yarn is frequently used for warp, and carded (woolen) and silk yarns 
are also frequently used for the same jrarpose. You are correct in your conclusion 
that the combing of the wool previous to spinning constitutes the basis of the dis- 
tinction between "worsted" and "woolen" goods, but the processes are somewhat 
different all through. Woolen goods are generally "fulled," i. e., shrunk up in 
finicking, while worsted goods are generally finished without fulling. The peculiar- 
ity of most worsted goods is the silky or glossy finish which they have. The bulk of 
our fine wools go into ladies' dress goods, but knit goods, cassimere shawls, over- 
coatings, braids, bunting, in fact, a large variety of goods, are made now of worsted 
yarns. By the process of manufacture, which separates the short and weak staples, 
the fibers that are left are uniform in length and strength, and laid side by side ; the 
yarn can thus be drawn out farther, and is smooth and glossy. For any class of goods 
requiring to be light and strong, worsted yarns are especially suited. 

Other icords and phrases defined. 

DonsTcoi wool. — A coarse carpet wool imported from Southern Eussia. 
It is coming in direct competition with the coarse wools of Xew ^Mexico 
and Colorado. 

Moquette. — A tapestry Brussel's carpet of a fine quality; a species of 
Wilton carpet. (Simmons' Commercial Dictionary.) 

Waste. — Three kind of wool waste are quoted in the English wool 
markets: White stockings, pulled; colored stockings, pulled, and black, 
pulled. 

Clippings. — The least valuable portion of wool clipped from the fleece 
and known as peddler's wool. 



XXII WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

Territory. — The wool of the Western Territories, which has as yet no 
established character, but is from sheep of all grades, from the Mexican 
or Churro sheep of Spain to Merino. The wools of Texas and Cali- 
fornia are marked as shown, without washing. 

Shoddy consists of cast-off woolen and worsted goods, reduced by 
powerful machinery to its original state, to be respun and woven alone 
or mixed with new wool. 

Hard or superfine goods, reduced in the same way, makes a better class 
of goods than shoddy from soft or common goods, and is sometimes dis- 
tinguished from it by the name of Mungo. 

Mungo.— The appearance of Mungo is very deceptive, and the oheap 
Mungo broadcloths have considerably injured the woolen manufactures. 
Mungo cloth is, however, properly included with shoddy. 

(We are indebted to Messrs. Justice, Bateman & Co., wool commission 
merchants, 122 South Front street, Philadelphia, Pa., for the following 
definitions :) 

Ring waste.— Ring waste is so called only by exporters of the article 
to the United States. This name has been given to it within a few years, 
since the Treasury Department have promulgated the instructions to 
appraisers to admit articles for duty as they are commercially known. 
In France and Belgium, where this article is mostly manufactured, it is 
known as couronnes— crowns, or rings — is commercially dealt in under 
this name and bought and sold under this title by parties who are man- 
ufacturing it and selling it for export to the United States. It is a 
highly purified article of scoured wool, and is made from wool tops or 
combed wool, and the couronne s, when not made for export, is the 
tangled slubbing or wool top tha t, through accident, becomes disar- 
ranged in the process of spinning it into yarn. Before it was manu- 
factured largely for export to the United States couronnes were carded 
over and recombed by the makers the same as other scoured wool. 

A number of mills in the United States purchase it of importers, who 
have given it the name of ring waste for the purpose of avoiding the 
proper duties. It is in point of fact a very highly purified article of 
scoured wool, being made from wool top, which is thecream of the wool, 
by reason of having had the short and broken fibers or bottom combed 
from it by combing machinery. 

American manufacturers treat it to a steam bath, which opens the 
crowns or rings ready for carding machines. This wool is principally 
used in the manufacture of cassimeres, the same as other scoured wools 
of merino blood. It is much more valuable than other scoured wool 
by reason of having been highly purified from noils, knots, and tangled 
fibers. " 

Gametted icaste. — Oarnetted waste is the product of a garnett ma- 
chine, which tears and ravels out the twist in thread, thus reducing it 
back to the original purified wool by reason of taking out the twist 
which is originally given to the wool to make it yarn or thread. In the 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XXIII 

process of spinning yarn or thread from wool a percentage of this yarn 
becomes tangled and is called thread waste. By running it through, a 
garnett machine the stock is restored to the original condition of wool 
all the twist being taken out of the yarn, leaving the wool which com. 
poses it; in a condition of unspun wool top. It is capable of being used 
for any purpose for which unmanufactured scoured wool can be used. 
It can be either combed or carded, and can be spun into worsted or 
woolen yarn. The garnett machine is only applied to tangled threads 
or yarn for the purpose of reducing them back to the original condition 
of purified wool. For purposes of making a saleable article noils and 
other scoured wools are frequently run through the garnett machine at 
the same time with the thread waste for the purpose of disguising the mix- 
ing. For instance, until recently garnetted waste was admitted at the 
same duty as waste, while scoured wools and noils made from scoured me. 
rino wools are subject to the duty of scoured wool, and to avoid this duty 
of 30 cents per pound on scoured wools, the latter were run through the 
garnett machine with thread waste for the purpose of mixing, and the 
material thus produced was a highly purified article of wool offered for 
sale as garnetted waste, but really scoured wool, noils, and garnetted 
waste, and by reason of the process of garnetting the scoured wool, 
noils were disguised. It was profitable to mix scoured wool with gar- 
netted waste because of the large demand for the latter for export to 
the United States, where it was admitted at only the duty of waste. 
The demand for it for this purpose raised the price of it above the price 
of the scoured wool of which it is made, for the reason that scoured wool 
could not be sent to the United States because of the 30 cents per pound 
duty, while the same article under the name of garnetted waste could 
be admitted at only 10 cents per pound duty. 

Wool tops. — Wool tops are highly purified scoured wool that have 
had the inferior particles, or so-called noils, removed by a process of 
combing. Unmanufactured scoured wool is fed to the combing machine, 
which combs out the short and broken fibers or bottom, and the long- 
fibers are laid parallel with each other, and when drawn through the 
comb it becomes wool top and is capable of being manufactured into 
any kind of woolen goods, either worsted or woolen. In the original 
process of making worsteds practiced many years ago, only long coarse 
wools were combed and made into worsteds, but within a comparatively 
recent period wool of merino blood, after being carded, which is the first 
process in making woolen goods, is then combed and the long fibers 
laid parallel with each other, while the short fibers, knots, and bottom 
are called noils and are separated, but the long fibers so freed pass into 
what is called wool top, from which it is manufactured into yarn. 

Garnetted thread icaste. — Garnetted thread waste is a highly purified 
article of scoured wool restored to the original condition of manufact- 
ured wool by means of the garnett machine, and is fully described 
under the head of garnetted waste above. 



XXIV WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

FlocTcs.— Flocks is the nap sheared from the face of woolen cloth. Nap 
is the ends of the wool fibers teased up by teasles or gigging-machines. 
This furry appearance produced by the giggiug-machine or teasel is 
sheared off by revolving knives to give the cloth a smooth-faced appear- 
ance, and the portion cut off is a short stapled wool fiber, and is called 
flocks, and is of such small value that in some cases manufacturers find 
it more profitable to throw it on the manure pile than to pay freight on 
it from one part of the United States to another. We have had flocks 
shipped to us from mills in the Western States which would not bring 
freight charges upon it to Eastern cities. 

Noils. — Noils is the name given to the short fibers, knots, broken 
fleeces and tangled fibers combed from wool usually scoured. They arc 
carded and mixed with longer fibers for clothing purposes. Sometimes 
long noils have been bought by worsted spinners to recomb, a percent- 
age of top being obtained by the second process of combing, the first 
process having failed to remove all of the long fibers. This was more 
frequently the case with old-fashioned machinery. 

Machinery for recombing ring waste. — The machinery used for recoup- 
ing ring waste is the same machinery that produces ring waste. The 
couronnes, or ring waste, is carried back and treated to a steam bath or 
a bath in boiling water; the bubbling, boiling agitation of the water 
opens the rings, which are then dried and fed to the carding machine 
the same as the unmanufactured scoured wool. In point of fact it is 
more valuable than the original unmanufactured scoured wool, by 
reason of having been highly purified from noils in its previous process 
through the French combing machinery. Before couronnes became 
more valuable than the original scoured wool, of which it was made by 
reason of the demand for it in the United States, where it is admitted 
at the duty of waste, it was almost exclusively combed over again by 
the process described above by the manufacturers who made it. In 
fact they would not part with it except they could sell it for more 
money than they could get for the original scoured wool of which it 
was made. Owing to the demand for it by reason of the low duty 
placed upon it by the Treasury Department of the United States, it has 
become a valuable article of merchandise, and those manufacturers who 
know how to use it value it above the cost of the origiual scoured wool 
of which it is made. 

Slabbing. — In the process of spinning yarn, wool-tops are sometimes 
called slubbing, or roving, in a process midway between wool-tops and 
yarn. 

Slivver. — In the process of combing wool, the wool passes in a long 
stringy condition to its next process of manufacture and is called sliv- 
ver. While under this name it is practically a highly purified article 
of scoured wool. 

Combing wool. — Wool of the English blood, such as Cotswold, Leices- 
ter, and other bright-haired wools, and also all long-fibered wools that 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XXV 

are used in the process of combing, the wool of which is prepared from 
what are called preparers in contradistinction from the wools which 
are prepared for the comb by carding machinery. 

Delaine wool. — Delaine wools are wools of the merino blood prepared 
for combing-machinery by first subjecting them to the carding process 
the same as wools are carded which are prepared for clothing- purposes. 
All combing wools which have a remote cross of merino blood are called 
delaine, and all wools which are carded before they are combed are 
called delaine wools. 

Clothing wools. — Clothing wools are all short-fibered wools that are 
prepared for spinning into yarn by first being carded on a carding ma- 
chine, and are the wools which formerly were not capable of being used 
for worsted purposes, but by the improvements in machinery by reason 
of first carding wool and afterwards of combing it, any class of wool 
whatever can be economically manufactured upon combing machinery 
as now constructed, so that practically any wool of any kind whatever 
having a more or less remote merino cross can be carded and then 
combed and used on worsted machinery. 

How the terms combing, delaine, and clothing wools originated. — Orig- 
inally nothing was made into wool-top except coarse long-haired wool, 
and the process of combing was done by hand, and the long wools suit- 
able for this purpose were called combing wool. Subsequently im- 
provements in machinery made it possible to use a shorter wool of finer 
quality having a more or less remote cross of merino blood, and to 
designate these wools from the long combing wools they were given 
the name of the class of fabrics into which they were made, viz, delaine, 
and wools which were too short for what was originally known as the 
combing process, but still long enough to be combed by modern pro- 
cesses, were named delaine wools and were manufactured into a class 
of goods called delaines, and the wools which were considered too short 
in staple for this purpose were called clothing wools. The recent im- 
provements in combing machinery now make it possible to comb even 
the shortest of the clothing wools, and every class of wool grown in the 
world can now be used on worsted machinery by first carding the wool 
and then combing it. At the Antwerp Exposition in 1885 a combing 
machine was exhibited that made a very excellent article of wool-top 
out of a short-stapled burry Mestizo wool, the proportion of burs so 
far exceeding the proportion of wool that the raw material might with 
propriety have been called wooly burs. But the machine made of this 
article a very superior wool-top. 

Washed ivool.—^ Washed wool is wool washed on the back of the ani- 
mal by a bath or by spout-washing, or washed upon the pelt or hide of 
the slaughtered animal. 

Scoured icool. — All wools that are washed after they are shorn or 
pulled from the pelt or hide of the animal are called scoured wool. This 
term is generally applied where the use of warm or hot water is made. 



XXVI WOOL AXD MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

Tub-washed. — Tab washing is a process of scouring wools that are 
washed after they are sheared or pulled from the pelt. It may be done 
either with cold or warm water, and is generally understood to signify 
an incomplete method of cleansing, although the bulk of the tub-washed 
wools are used by manufacturers without further cleansing. 

Unmerchantable wool. — Unmerchantable wool is a term that describes 
wools which have been washed on the sheep's back, but so indifferently 
washed or left so long after washing and before shearing as to become 
almost, if not quite, as dirty as unwashed. 

Pulled wool. — Pulled wool is the name given to wool that is pulled 
from the skin or pelt of the dead animal. Dead-pulled is a name given 
to unwashed wool pulled from the carcass of a dead animal. 

Locks. — Broken pieces of wool, called locks, tags, and breech, are the 
names given to the soiled locks on the buttocks. 

Fribbs. — Fribbs is the name given to the short locks of wool from the 
legs and face of the animal, as well as the short bits where the liber is 
chopped up by the careless use of the shears. 

Stuffing. — Stuffing is a name given to tags, fribbs, and breech -locks 
when they are rolled up and concealed inside of the fleece when the lat- 
ter is tied up in its usual condition. 

Sorts and matchings are names given to different qualities of the fleece 
when broken off and separated into grades. Some fleeces contain as 
many as five different qualities of wool. These qualities, when broken 
up and separated and divided, are called sorts or matchings. 

Percentage of scoured wool. — Unwashed Merino wool shrinks from 50 
to 80 per cent, in scouring. The lightest and choicest Australian me- 
dium, unwashed, will yield 50 per cent, less of scoured wool, and the 
heaviest Mestiza buck's fleeces will yield about 20 per cent, of pure 
scoured wool. Most unwashed wools yield less than 50 per cent, of 
scoured wool. The light, open, coarse, unwashed wools of the carpet 
class yield from 50 to 70 per cent, of scoured wool. Fine Ohio full- 
blood Merino unwashed wool, exclusive of buck's fleeces, yields from 35 
to 40 per cent, of scoured wool. The merino fleeces grown in Texas 
and on the Western prairies of the United States yield from 20 to 35 
per cent, of scoured wool. Unmerchantable Ohio fleeces yield from .'!7 
to 40 per cent, of scoured wool. British and Canada wools yield from 
70 to 85 per cent, of scoured wool. Cross bred washed Ohio fleeces 
yield from CO to 80 per cent, of scoured wool. Crossbred Western 
American prairie fleeces yield from 30 to 50 per cent, of scoured wool. 
Tub-washed wools and cross-bred sheep generally yield from 80 to 90 
per cent, of scoured wool. Scoured wools, as usually ■manufactured or 
as scoured for sale, yield from 85 to 90 per cent, of scoured wool iu 
rewashing. 

For the better understanding of the quotations of prices of wool, it 
may be well to explain the following marks and terms employed in 
designating the different kinds of wool : 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XXVII 

"Xand above" means wool of full Merino blood ; the designation 
"X, XX, and XXX" indicates the variations in quality owing to the 
superior breeding, care, or local influences. 
" No. 1" means three- fourths-blood Merino. 
"No. 2" means half-blood Merino. 
"No. 2 and coarse" one-fourth to half-blood. 

(For the following we are indebted to Messrs. Sherman Hall & Co., 
Chicago, 111. :) 

American wools as they are received in Chicago and other distribut- 
ing markets are described specifically as to condition, grade, and char- 
acter, and more generally as to source of supply or regio n where pro- 
duced. 

Condition.— Kefers to the amount of yolk {animal oil p eculiar to the 
fleece), dust, soil, and other foreign matter appearing in the fleece as 
offered for sale. The fleece wool is marketed as unwashed, washed, 
tubwashed, and scoured. Lots not coining under these heads are sold 
as " unclassified," " rejections," &c. 

Washed fleece.— Wool washed on the sheep in cold water before it is 
shorn. The alkaline portion of the yolk may thus toe entir ely removed, 
leaving only the free, colorless animal oil in the fleece. A fleece thus 
thoroughly washed should be free from the color of the yolk. Other- 
wise it passes as unmerchantable washed. 

Tubwashed.— The fleeces broken and washed more or less by hand, 
formerly in a small way, in tubs with soap. Tubwashed varies in con- 
dition. If washed in cold water and without soap it is hardly as clean 
as good "washed fleece;" if in warm water and soap, much of the free 
oil is removed, and it approaches scoured wool in cleanness. 

Scoured wool— Is treated in a warm alkaline bath and subsequently 
thoroughly rinsed in clear water until nothing remains but the clean 
fiber, absolutely clean, and ready for manufacture. 

Unwashed tcool.—ls the fleece as shorn from the sheep. 

Pulled tcool.—ls wool pulled from pelts. The grades from fine to 

coarse are as follows: Extra, superfine, A super, B super, C pulled, 

or No. 1. These wools are partially washed in the process of pulling. 

Bead pulled.— Wool pulled from the carcasses of dead sheep. Banks 

in condition with unwashed fleeces. 

Shrinkage, per cent— The loss per hundred pounds in securing any 
variety of wool, and making it ready for manufacture. 

Grades.— Designate the fineness of fiber. The full-blood wools of the 
West have for a standard the full-blooded French merin o fleece. The 
fleece resulting from a straight cross between the Meri no and South- 
down or other coarse-wooled sheep of pure blood is termed half-blood, 
and in fineness of fiber is generally intermediate to the two stocks 
crossed. The inbreeding of a half-blood with a Southdown or other 
coarse-wooled sheep results in a still coarser fiber wool, design atcd as 
quarter-blood. 



XXVIII WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

Following this theory of crossing well-defined coarse breeds with the 
fine breeds brings the fall description of grades of fineness as quoted — 
full blood, one half blood, three-eighths blood, and quarter blood. The 
types of native or common sheep of the country are the Mexican, with a 
coarse hairy fleece little better than that of the goat ; the New England 
sheep, brought over and crossed indiscriminately until all definite char- 
acter was lost ; and the Virginias, imported and carefully inbred for 
generations from the best English coarse-wooled flocks. 

Fleeces from the first twb named, and similar mongrel varieties 
throughout the country and from flocks carelessly and indiscriminately 
bred, furnish the coarse and low wools of the country, amounting in 
weight to perhaps an eighth of the clip, or, say, 40,000,000 pounds. 
The larger part in the west comes from New Mexico and adjacent 
States and Territories, and is known iu grades as carpet, blanket, and 
western sorts. The coarse and low grades in the Eastern States come 
from indiscriminate breeding of small flockmen who change flocks and 
bucks as necessity or whim may compel or dictate. 

Grades. — As commonly known and recognized in American markets 
with the blood designations, when applied, are as follows : Full-blood 
Saxony and Spanish merino (XX and XXX) very finest ; French merino 
full blood (X, fine) ; half blood, fine medium, Xo. 1 ; three-eighths blood 
(intermediate grade) generally combing; low three-eights and high quar- 
ter, medium; quarter blood, low medium, common; coarse and native, 
(coarse, low, &c.) 

Custom has brought the grades to nearly uniform standards as to 
fineness both East and West. In grading the actual character and 
fineness of the fiber determines the grade, the blood or breed not being- 
considered by the grader. 

Sorts. — The fleeces, broken into narrower and more accurate subdi vis- 
ions as to fineness, there being several qualities or sorts of wool iu the 
same fleece. 

Western and Territory wools. — The wools as brought to the Chicago 
market are generally designated as follows : Western and Territory 
wools comprise wools raised in the far West, in the new States and Ter- 
ritories, where the pasturage consists of a broad average of wild grasses, 
which during the dry season become parched, leaving the dry, sandy soil 
underneath as a fine dust or sand, which permeates the fleece, adding 
much to its shrinkage and changing not only its appearance, but the 
strength of staple, more especially where the soil is alkaline. 

Fairly bright icools. — Raised in the intermediate States more thickly 
settled, where the tame grasses have superseded the native, and the sward 
is thicker and more lasting. These wools have less dust in them than 
Western and Territory wools, but still retain in a measure the earthy 
color. Their character is also improved, aud the shrinkage in scouring 
is less than that of wools from the ranches. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XXIX 

Bright wools. — Are raised in all the States from the Mississippi to the 
Atlantic with some slight, local exceptions of territory which has been 
newly brought under cultivation and where the pasturage has not yet 
been brought to the thick, solid sward which generally characterizes 
the older settled regions. The wool is of a bright yellow color, the 
earthy matter not being sufficient to perceptibly modify the color. The 
western boundary for " bright wools " is gradually moving farther west- 
ward. Parts of Missouri and Iowa now furnish considerable, and oc- 
casional clips from States farther west stiow the improvement arising 
from cultivated pasturage and withdrawal of flocks from the wild range 
during the dry, dusty season. 

The washed icool is almost entirely confined to bright wools raised east 
of the Mississippi. Xot over one-fourth of the total bright wool clip is 
now washed before shearing. The practice of washing the sheep in the 
middle Western States is almost abandoned, excepting in the northern 
counties of Illinois and the southeastern counties of Wisconsin. About 
one-half of the wool from Michigan and other States farther east, in- 
cluding Ohio, still comes to market as washed wool. 

The bulk of fairly bright wool and Western icools is sent to market 
unwashed, just as shorn from the sheep, except from the far Western 
States and Territories, more especially from the Pacific coast. The 
proportion being scoured before sending to eastern markets is increas- 
ing from year to year. It is estimated that nearly half the clip of the 
Pacific coast, amounting to over 30,000,000 pounds, was scoured the 
past year before being shipped to market. A large saving is thus 
made in the item of transportation, as the average shrinkage of these 
wools in the process of scouring would not be less than 60 per cent. 
The character of the wools, even under the general classification above 
noted, varies much with climate, soil*, &c, which necessitates subdi- 
visions, putting the wool from States and Territories having similar char- 
acteristics, well known to experts, in groups or subclasses, although this 
subclassification is by no means arbitrary, more than is the actual 
breed of the sheep in determining the grade. The Western wools we 
group as follows : 

Kansas and Nebraska. — Better character than wools raised farther 
west and southwest ; some of it fairly bright. 

Nevada, Oregon, Washington Territory, Utah, Wyoming, and Idaho. — 
Standard Territory wools running from [X] to coarse, but with little 
intermixture of the Mexican blood apparent. 

Colorado and Arizona merino, inbred largely with Mexican sheep, 
the words "improved," ''partly improved," and " native," showing the 
degree of improvements, if any. 

Neic Mexico. — More native, coarse carpet wools, but "improved" in 
some sections. 

Montana.— These wools stand at the head of Territory wools. The 
soil, climate, and parentage combine to produce wool of the best char- 



XXX WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

acter possible on wild land. In addition, the sheep husbandry of the 
Territory has been developed from the beginning by men of more than 
ordinary intelligence, and usually with ample capital to carry on the 
business with such system as to obtain the best results. Valley Ore- 
gon and the best Utah wools resemble them closely. 

Texas. — These wools vary in quality, character, and condition from 
the coarse Mexican and partly improved on the southern border, to 
the finest and deepest grown merino ; from red, sandy wool bearing 
the heaviest shrinkage, to bright wools almost equal to the best un- 
washed Michigan and Ohio. In some parts of the State the wool is 
shorn twice a year, as is the case on the Pacific slope: hence tlie terms 
" spring clip," " fall clip," " twelve months wool," &c, as applied to 
Texas and California wools. 

The character of wool refers to the length of fiber, the strength, the 
elasticity, the luster, felting properties, &c. The character of the wool 
is largely determined by soil, climate, and the care given the flocks. 
Alkaline soil, an unfavorable climate, insufficient food, and neglect 
would result in an absolute change of the character of the wool. 

Felting wools. — The felting properties of different wools depend on the 
rough serrations on the face of the fiber, which give them the power of 
adherence one to another, in cloth, under the process of fulling; in hats, 
by felting machines, which reduce the wool to a solid mass of felt with- 
out any previous process of fabrication. These properties vary, the finer 
wools being generally best adapted to felting and clothing purposes. 

Combing and delaine. — Wools suitable for the manufacture of worsted 
goods. For such goods the wool is first combed instead of carded, be- 
fore being spun into yarn. Combing draws the fibers parallel to each 
other, and, in this form, twists into a smooth, hard, lustrous yarn, with 
few ends of the fiber appearing on the surface, as compared with the 
clothing yarns which are made from carded wool. " Combing and de- 
laine" wools require long, strong staple, of even strength throughout, 
and for the best worsted goods it should be of bright lustrous color. 

Clothing wools embrace the whole list of short staple wools not suited 
to delaine and combing uses. 

DEFINITIONS OF WOOL AS KNOWN IN AGO MARKET. 

(To the courtesy of Mr. Charles S. Fellows, assistant secretary of the 
Board of Trade of Chicago, we are indebted for the following defini- 
tions of the commercial terms known to the Chicago wool market:) 

Medium. — Refers to fineness of staple — neither the finest nor coarsest. 

XXX. — The finest quality generally quoted. 

Ohio and Pennsylvania No. 1 fleece. — Washed fleeces, raised in States 
named, medium in quality. 

Ohio and Pennsylvania X and above. — Fine wools from the States 
named. 

Ohio and Pennsylvania XX and above. — Finer than above. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XXXI 

Michigan X. — Fine Merino, from the State named N. B.— State al- 
ways refers to place of production. 

Michigan No. 1.— Medium quality; quotations for washed fleeces if 
not otherwise stated. 
New York, New Hampshire, and Vermont X. — Fine Merino. 
New York and New Hampshire No. 1. — Medium. 

Combing, Kentucky § blood. — Fine medium in quality. Staple long, 
-strong, lustrous — suitable for combing purposes. 

Combing, Kentucky £ blood. — Same as above — a grade coarser. 

Combing, Indiana and Missouri ^ blood. — Same as above, except 
States in which produced, and corresponding difference in character. 

Combing, Indiana and Missouri § blood. — One grade finer than above. 

Combing, No. 1 Ohio. — Medium combing from said State. 

Combing, No. 2 Ohio. — Low medium from said State. 

Combing, No. 1 Michigan. — Medium combing from Michigan. 

Delaine, Ohio.— Wool from Ohio of long staple, fit for the manufacture 
of delaine goods; properties like combing, but wool finer. 

Delaine, Michigan fine. — From Michigan, same as above. 

Montana fine. — Fine Montana wool. 

Montana fine medium.— Same as above, grade coarser. 

Montana medium. — Grade below fine medium. 

Wyoming and Colorado fine. — From region named. 

Wyoming and Colorado fine medium. — From region named. 

Wyoming and Colorado medium. — From region named. 

Georgia. — Wools raised in Georgia peculiar to that State. 

Kentucky clothing, | blood. — Clothing is of shorter staple, too short or 
too weak for combing purposes. 

(a) Texas spring medium, 12 months-. — Refers to time of shearing. 
Some shear twice a year, hence 12 months, S months, &c, refer to time 
since last previously shorn. 

Texas spring, fine. — Shorn in the spring. 

Texas siting, fine quality, 6 to 8 months.— Answered in (a). 

■Texas spring, medium quality, 6 to 8 months — Answered in (a). 

Texas fall, fine quality. — Shorn in the fall. 

Texas fall, medium quality. — Shorn in the fall. 

Kansas and Nebraska carpet. — Very coarse, hairy wool, fit for man- 
ufacture of carpets, horse blankets, and other coarse goods. 

Unwashed fine Ohio and Michigan. — Not washed on sheep before they 
are shorn. 

Unmerchantable Ohio and Pennsylvania. — Partly washed, or otherwise 
unfit to go into merchantable piles or grades. 

Unmerchantable Michigan. — Same as above. 

Super pulled, Maine. — Medium from pelts in the State of Maine 

Super medium. — Refers to quality of pulled wool. 

Super A. — Refers to quality of pulled wool. 

Super Western. — Refers to quality pulled iu the West or from Western 
skins. - 



XXXII WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

Extra pulled. — Finer than super. 

California spring. — (See answers to "Texas" marked "(a)" and what 
follows). 

California southern. — (Where raised) Free, notcotted, free from burrs 
or other foreign matter. 

California southern, defective. — Poor staple, or otherwise unfit to be 
classed as free. 

California fall— {See Texas ("a").) 

Oregbn east. — Where raised. 

Oregon east, fancy. — Above average in character or condition. 

Oregon fine valley ; Oregon 'medium valley. — Raised west of mountains 
in Oregon. 

Australian crossbred. — Coarser by inbreeding coarse English flocks 
with Merino. 

Montevideo. — South American port from which the wools are exported* 






HISTORY OF THE CONDITION, GROWTH, AND PROGRESS OF SHEEP- 
RAISING, WOOL-GROWING, AND WOOLEN MANUFACTURE IN THE 
AMERICAN COLONIES AND IN THE UNITED STATES. 

(For much of the information presented in the following paper, we are indebted to 
Mr. Harold Snowden, of Alexandria, Va.) 

ANTIQUITY OF SHEEP, WOOL, AND GARMENTS OF WOOL. 

According to the !New American Cyclopedia it appears that the rear- 
ing of sheep dates from the earliest times. The passages in the Bible 
alluding to sheep, wool, and woolen garments are well known, and it is 
a noticeable fact that distinct mention of the last two of these begins 
at a period much later than that in connection with which the first is 
named. In Leviticus, xiii, mention is made of garments having "the 
warp or woof of linen, or of woolen "j and these two materials appear 
to have been the staples of the primitive weavers of Syria, Palestine, 
Greece, Italy, and Spain. Pindar applies to Libya the epithet " flock- 
abounding." Attic wool was celebrated from an extremely early period, 
and at least down to the time of the Latin poet Laberius, in the first 
century before the Christian era ; and the woolen fabrics of both Greece 
and Italy attained special excellence. Strabo, however, living in the 
first century of our era, remarks that the tine cloths worn by the Romans 
in his time were manufactured from wool brought from Spain. Pliny, 
himself a governor of Spain, describes several fine-wooled varieties <>f 
sheep as having long been reared in that country. In view of these 
facts, further doubt is thrown upon the two attempts to account for the 
origin of the Merino sheep, neither of which in itself appears to wear 
the stamp of consistency. 

At all events, when the Merinos of Spain first attracted' the obser- 
vation of other nations, they were found in nearly all parts of the 
country, and mainly in very large permanent flocks, which in separate 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. XXXIII 

districts appeared as different varieties ; while so special were the 
management and lines of breeding, that the several flocks often consti- 
tuted so many subvarieties. The flocks were of two general sorts, the 
traveling (transhumantes) and stationary (estantes). They were chiefly 
owned by the king and some of the nobles and clergy; and such was 
the importance attached to the products of these flocks, that the culti- 
vators of vineyards and arable lands were by law required to leave 
broad roads through their estates for the passage of the flocks from the 
southerly to the northerly provinces in spring and their return iu 
autumn, or for such other migrations as their owners might desire; 
aud, in fact, all other agricultural interests were sacrificed to the con- 
venience of their proprietors.' 7 

The myth of "The Golden Fleece," and the perilous adventures of 
the Argonauts attending its capture at the jaws of the fiery dragon, 
appear now to have been prophetic of the almost fabulous wealth 
which has attended the pursuit and capture of the rich-coated ram of 
the nineteenth century, and show that even prior to the days of Homer 
and Hesiod the goldeu qualities of the fleece of the ram were well 
known to the ancients. 

The Eomans brought with them to England at the time of their con- 
quest of that country a knowledge of the use and manufacture of wool 
hitherto unknown there. Rude and imperfect as this knowledge was, 
it formed the basis of an industry which soon became the most valua- 
ble of all her industries, and as such it was guarded with jealous care 
until early in the nineteenth century, when English wool manufactures 
had attained such perfection that she threw down her woolen gauntlet 
and proclaimed free wool and free woolens to the world. 

As early as the year 1261 England, by statute, prohibited the export 
from her borders of raw wool or the wearing within her borders of any 
foreign woolens, and from time to time afterwards she amended this 
prohibitory statute, and always in the direction of more stringent pro- 
hibition, until the year 1C60, when she perfected it in that respect. 
This latter statute remained in force until 1S24, except that in 1802 raw 
wool had for the first time to submit to a tariff of Gd. per pound. In 
1824 she reduced the tariff on woolen goods from Gd, per pound to Id. per 
pound and admitted raw w r ool free. 

In the year 1331 the first great impulse was given in England to 
woolen manufactures by the importation by Edward III. of Flemish 
weavers, considered then the most expert weavers of Europe. Under 
their supervision the first blankets were manufactured in England iu 
1310. 

The first record of any attempt to dye wooleu cloths in England was 
in 1608; and six years later, in 1011, mixed yarns, "dyed in the wool," 
were first introduced iu manufactures.* 

*Dyed woolen cloths did not hold their colors as well as those cloths made from 
yarns previously dyed; hence, arose the now popular expression "Dyed ia the 
wool," denoting deep convictions ami unvarying opinions. 

5402 w 3 



XXXIV WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

In the year 1G78 England, by statute, enacted that all corpses should 
be buried in woolen shrouds, and this statute remained in force until 
the year 1808. Whether or not this law afforded any comfort or con- 
solation to the English citizen, who thus secured for himself, in death, 
at least, if not before, one suit of woolen clothes, is not known, but the 
result of the law, it is said, was most beneficial to wool-growing and 
wool manufacture. 

In the year 1684 the assembly of Virginia passed a law to encourage 
the manufacture of wool in that colony, but England annulled the law, 
and fifteen years later, viz, in 1699, becoming jealous of the colonies, 
prohibited under heavy penalties the exporting of wool or woolen man- 
ufactures from their borders. 

As further evidence of the jealousy of England toward her colonies, 
in 1698 Governor Nicholson of Virginia suggested to the English Crown 
that cloth-makiug should be prohibited in the colonies, and the other 
royal governors soon followed the example of Governor Nicholson. 

In 1731 the English Government "instituted inquiries to ascertain to 
what extent colonial manufactures were injuring English manufact- 
ures," and in 1750 the alarm became so great at the increase of Amer- 
ican skill that a statute was enacted prohibiting the exporting from 
England of any tools or utensils used in woolen manufactures. 

In the year 1700 the wool crop of England was only about 10,000,000 
pounds per annum, and the value of her woolen manufactures about 
$40,000,000. In 1844 her woolen manufactures had increased to $120,- 
000,000 per annum in value, and her woolen exports to $40,000,000. In 
1859 her woolen exports alone amouuted to $75,000,000, while her wool 
crop in the United Kingdom was 250,000,000 pounds and her imports 
of raw wool 110,000,000 pounds. The average weight per fleece in the 
United Kingdom in 1860 was 5 pounds. 

Woolen manufactures retained their supremacy as the first in impor- 
tance of English industries until the close of the eighteenth century, 
when the wonderful increase in cotton production and manufacture sent 
cotton manufactures to the front. 

WOOL, AND MANUFACTURES OF, IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES. 

In the colonies wool production and manufacture were of slow growth, 
owing to the unfriendly attitude of the mother country ; nevertheless 
considerable progress was made. Of course whatever of knowledge 
there was in the colonies as to the use or manufacture of wool was 
derived from England. 

The first sheep introduced into the colonies were brought from Eng- 
land to Jamestown, Va., in the year 1609; the exact number is not 
known but probably only a few. There is but little subsequent infor- 
mation about these until 1649, when it is stated that they had in- 
creased to 3,000. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XXXV 

In 1633 a few sheep were brought from England to Massachusetts, 
and in the year 1640 they had increased to about three thousand. In 
1625 the Dutch brought over some sheep to the New Netherlands, and 
again in 1630, but their efforts to raise sheep proved unsuccessful. 

In 1663 a Swedish colony in Delaware brought over 80 sheep. 

No mention can be found of the names of these stocks of sheep intro- 
duced from Europe at this early period, but it is known that the wool 
was coarse and the sheep inferior, and there is no record of any effort 
to improve the stock by importing Merinos until after the Revolution. 

In 1645 Massachusetts passed laws encouraging the raising of sheep, 
and in 1656 another statute was passed requiring each family to spin 3 
pounds of wool, cotton, or flax per week for thirty weeks of each year. 

In the same year, 1656, the first weaver who settled and commenced 
weaving at Lowell, Mass., was encouraged so to do by a grant of 30 
acres of land. 

In 1662 Virginia, by statute, prohibited the exporting of wool, and 
offered 5 pounds of tobacco [at that time Virginia currency] for every 
yard of woolen cloth made in the colony ; and in 1664 the general assem- 
bly of Virginia established in each county looms and weavers. 

Other colonies likewise encouraged wool raising and manufacture by 
various local statutes. 

There are no means of ascertaining the number of sheep in the colonies 
prior to the Revolution, but it is known that before the close of the sev- 
enteenth century "spinning, carding, and weaving of wool, and the dress- 
ing of cloth were introduced in all of the old colonies by the successive 
arrivals of English and German artisans, and were encouraged by stat- 
utes, and it was said that New England then abounded in sheep." 

Just prior to the Revolution it was deemed patriotic in all the colonies 
to use homespun cloth in preference to English goods, and in the year 
1770 it is said that "the graduating class at Harvard College appeared 
clad in black cloth of New England manufacture," but this was proba- 
bly of inferior grade. 

ORIGIN AND DEVELOPEMENT OF WOOL GROWING IN THE UNITED 
STATES. 

The first concerted action for the improvement of the stock of sheep 
seems to have come from the Society for the Promotion of Agriculture 
of South Carolina. In 1785 this society offered a medal tor the first 
flock of Merino sheep kept in the State ; but there were no importations 
of Merino sheep to any of the States until 1793. 

Prior to Queen Elizabeth's reign, England raised the finest Merino 
sheep in the world; but during her reign Spain stepped to the front 
rank in raising sheep of fine grade, and she guarded her fine Merino 
stock with jealousy, forbidding the export of any Meriuo sheep from that 
country. 



XXXVI WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

Ill 1793 Hon. William Foster, of Massachusetts, is said to have smug- 
gled from Spain to a friend in Boston three fine Merinos, worth $1,500 
each ; but Foster's friend, in ignorance of the value of the gift, killed 
the sheep for mutton and thanked him for the delicious meat he had 
sent him. 

The first full-blooded Merino stock ram kept in this country, so far as 
can be ascertained, was from 1801 to 1805, on the farms of M. Dupont 
de Nemours and M. de Lessert, on the Hudson River. This ram was 
imported from Spain at a cost of $1,000, and named Horn Pedro. In 
1805 M. Dupont purchased Dom Pedro, and he became the sire of mauy 
fine-grade flocks, near Wilmington, Del. 

In 1810 M. Dupont erected woolen mills on the Brandywiue, and in 
his manufactures used the wool of these flocks. 

In 1802 Hon. E. R. Livingston, United State minister at Paris, and 
afterwards chancellor, sent home to his New York farm two pairs of 
French Merinos from the French Government stock at Chalons : these 
he crossed with the Dom Pedro stock. 

Col. David Humphreys, of Connecticut, United States minister to 
Spain, shipped to the United States in 1802 a flock of 20 Merino rams 
and 71 ewes. 

In 1803 Dr. James Mease, of Philadelphia, imported 2 black Spanish 
Merinos. 

In 1807 Dr. Muller imported several Merinos from Hesse-Cassel. 

In 1809 William Jarvis, consul at Lisbon, purchased and shipped to 
the United States from Lisbon 3,850 sheep selected from the best Spanish 
breeds, which had been confiscated and ordered to be sold by the Span- 
ish Junta, and it is estimated that up to 1810 there had been imported 
about 5,000 Merino sheep, which had been disseminated through New 
England and the Middle States, and as far west as Ohio. 

At an exhibition of the Merino Society of the Middle States in Oc- 
tober, 1811, there were specimens of the Irish, Tunisian or Barbary, 
New Leicester, Bakewell or Dishley, and Southdown breeds. 

These 5,000 Merino sheep are the basis on which stands the American 
improved stock of the present day, although the stock has been, since 
1810, kept up by numerous additions from the best flocks of Europe. 
Iu 1823 the Saxon Merinos were imported, and since then the French 
and Silesian Merinos have been introduced and distributed throughout 
the country, and the United States have for forty years past been rais- 
ing as fine sheep and as fine wool as any country in the world, though 
not to the extent demanded by manufacturers. 

It is the current popular opinion that English and Australian wool 
surpasses American in quality, but the reverse is true. The opinion re- 
ferred to doubtless arises from the fact that England surpasses this 
country in fine broadcloths and cassi meres, but that is due to the fine 
quality and length of fiber of American wool, which renders it unsuitable 
for the short smooth nap of fine cloths. The American cloths, how- 



Wool and manufactures of wool. xxxvii 

ever, are more durable than the English, though not susceptible of so 
smooth a finish. In all goods where soft and fleecy finish is required, 
American wool and American manufactures excel those of the rest of 
the world. 

In 1851, at the World's Exhibition in London, four prize medals were 
awarded to American sheep, and at the International Exhibition of 1863, 
at Hamburg, where all of the finest flocks of Europe were represented, 
two first-class prizes were awarded to Merino sheep from Vermont. 

Since the year 1850, the Western States and Territories have taken 
the front rank as sheep and wool producing sections. In Texas, New 
Mexico, and California, there were 21 sheep ranches in 1880, aggregat- 
ing 3,000,000 sheep, and averaging about 140,000 to the ranch ; the 
greater portion of these (probably four-fifths of them) were in the hands 
of old Mexican families. The pasturage of these sheep, like the past- 
urage of a large part of the Western cattle, is supplied by the lands of 
the United States Government.* 

Sheep, however, are not believed to injure lands ; on the contrary, it 
is said that sheep-grazing produces a stronger grass, and it is estimated 

" In the cases of the small flocks of sheep abounding principally in the Southern, 
Middle, and Eastern States, whose average size is small, probably not exceeding forty 
or fifty per flock, there is no rule of treatment with respect to their care, propagation 
&c, which can belaid down. But among the large ranges of the West and Southwest, 
especially Texas, New Mexico, and California, the methods as to these vital matters 
are more uniform. 

There the sheep are divided into flocks of from 1,200 to 2,500, with one shepherd in 
charge of each flock. The shepherd is generally assisted by one or more shepherd 
dogs. These dogs, together with the shepherd's wife, accompany him from pasture to 
pasture from the close of the sheep-shearing season until October or November, wheu 
he returns with his flock to their permanent winter abode. 

As soon as he returns the weathers are separated from the ewes and the latter are 
corraled to receive the Merino rams. 

These pure Merino rams have been fed for about a month previously on corn and 
oats mixed. They are admitted to the ewes at night and withdrawn at daybreak, 
when the ewes are driven to pasture and the rams fed with corn, oats, and alfalfa 
hay. This process is continued for about six weeks until all the ewes have been 
served. s 

Some ranchmen use 1 ram for 50 ewes, while most of them supply 1 ram to 100 
ewes. 

The rams are renewed every three years. 

Ewes, if well treated, last for seven years. 

The better grades of sheep now bear two lambs and not infrequently three, while 
the native and common stock never have over one. Tne period of gestation is from 
twenty to twenty-one weeks. 

Just before the lambing season begins, three extra men are employed for each flock. 
These men care for the ewes during parturition. And within about ten days from 
the beginning of the season the important and delicate work of castrating, marking, 
and tailing the young lambs begin. 

The lambing season, which lasts about the same length of time as the rutting sea- 
son, say six weeks, being over, the shearing begins, aud as soon as this is ended tin- 
extra hands are discharged and the shepherds, their wives and dogs, again depart 
with their flocks for the summer pastures. 



XXXVIII WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

that a Western sheep pasture^ after five years' grazing, will support 40 
per cent, more sheep than it did the first year. 

Sheep raising has of late years superseded cattle raising to a great 
extent along the Mexican border. This revolution has been effected in 
consequence of the liability of cattle to the raids of cattle thieves who 
drive them across the border, while sheep cannot be made to travel 
rapidly or to any great distance. 

Prior to 1850 the few sheep owned in Texas were of the old Spanish 
or Mexican breed, greatly degenerated, producing only about 1 pound 
to the fleece, and of inferior quality. From 1850 to 1860 greater atten- 
tion was devoted to sheep-raising in Texas, and pure Meriuos were im- 
ported and crossed on the native stock with the happiest results. In 
1860 the number of sheep in Texas had increased 700 per cent, over 
that of the year 1850, and the wool clip was much better. From 1860 to 
1870 there was no increase, but a slight decrease in numbers, the de- 
crease being only for the years lS6S-'69. In 1880 the number of sheep 
had doubled since 1870, and the wool clip had increased 300 per cent. 
In 1880 the native Mexican sheep, which in 1850 produced only 1 pound 
per fleece, produced on an average 2.17 pounds, while the half breed Meri- 
nos produced 3.17 pounds, and the grades above half breeds produced 
4.75 pounds per fleece. Here, as elsewhere in the United States, practical 
experience has demonstrated tbat the best sheep for tbe country gen- 
erally is about three-fourths Merino, the grades above that proving less 
hardy and more liable to serious diseases, although during the last 
twenty years the long combing wool or mutton sheep, viz, tbe Leicesters 
'or Lincolns and Cotswolds, have greatly increased and are still increas- 
ing, especially in localities convenient to tbe large fresh-meat markets 
of the country. This has been caused by tbe eubanced value of the 
long combing wools for worsted manufactures, and also by tbe superior 
quality of the mutton of these sheep ; but tbe quality of tbeir wool does 
not equal tbat of tbe Merinos, nor is the wool so valuable for general 
manufacturing jmrposes. Up to the present time, however, the long 
combing wools bring tbe highest prices, owing to their scarcity. It is 
now estimated that one-fourth of the stock of Michigan and a few otber 
Western States is of the mutton or long combing wool stocks, while 
New York has to a great extent substituted tbe same stock for her 
Merinos. If the rest of the country should follow tbe example of New 
York, tbe prices of the combing wools would necessarily depreciate, 
while Merinos would enhance in value and the manufacturing interests 
would lose by tbe change. 

Merinos are not only the hardiest sheep, but also produce the finest 
quality of wool, and sheep growers have recently, in view of tbe dan- 
gers besetting the Merino stock from the rivalry of the mutton sheep, 
advocated and begun to practice the doctrine that the mutton qualities 
of the Merinos can be improved so that they will equal the best mutton 
sheep. Their theory is that Merinos are poorly fed, and, when young, 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XXXIX 

kept lean, so that it is difficult to fatten the mature sheep, while the 
mutton stocks have been fed as well as bred to their superior capacity 
for taking on fat. In this way the Leicester breed was improved, and a 
concerted and determined effort has now begun to make the Merinos of 
the future mutton sheep. In a few years the experiment will be fully 
tested, and, if successful, will greatly increase their value to the farmer, 
as he can in times of wool depression find a market for his mutton. 

The long combing wool sheep will, however, retain their value unless 
the production increases to so great an extent as to exceed the demand 
for that variety of wools. 

It has already been definitely ascertained that crossing the Merino 
with the Cots wolds and Leicesters will, for the first generation, produce 
mutton equal to the Southdown, and wool superior in quality to the 
Cotswold,but further breeding in the same direction has always proved 
a failure. 

It has, however, not yet been so definitely settled as to the result of 
crossing the Merinos with the downs, and the Messrs. Baechtel Brothers 
(large sheep raisers of California) have recently experimented success- 
fully, as they think, in that direction, and claim that they have secured 
a permanent cross stock, having larger carcass and more wool than the 
Merinos. 

Texas, New Mexico, and the southern portion of California are well 
adapted to sheep-raising, and there the sheep are sheared twice a 
year.* 

Prior to 1852 California had only a few sheep, and they were of the 
coarse- wool Mexican breeds. In 1852 New Mexico shipped, or rather 
drove, to California 40,000 sheep; in 1853, 135,000; in 1854, 27,000; in 
1855, 19,000; in 1856, 200,000; in 1857, 130,000 ; but in 1858-'59 the In- 
dians became so troublesome that the trade ceased; the war then came 
on, and the demand for the low grade of sheep seems to have ceased. 
From 1852 to 1858 California imported from Missouri, Illinois, and Ohio 
Spanish Merino rams and crossed them on the Mexican sheep, with the 
same results experienced in Texas. The severe storms of 1861-'62 and 

* With respect to the raising in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona of the valuable 
wool-producing alpaca of South America, Mr. E. L. Baker, U. S. Consul at Buenos 
Ayres, in his report of June, 1887, says: 

"I merely make the suggestion that in these respects, if we had ransacked our in- 
ventiveness to describe an animal which should he pre-eminently adapted to some 
portions of our own country, we could hardly have imagined a breed more suited 
than these South American sheep. I refer particularly to the desert portions of Texas 
and of New Mexico and Arizona, whose arid soil and general scarcity of water are a 
great drawback to their proper development. Introduced under favorable circum- 
stances, any or all these classes of animals might be able to till an industrial gap in 
those regions which otherwise we can scarcely expect to hud a filling for ; and thus 
even the most unpromising portions of tbose Territories might in time attain to a 
development, through the valuable wools which these animals afford, that there else 
can be but little hope for, while in othor parts of the country, wherever ordiuary 
sheep may be produced, the introduction aud acclimatization of these- valuable wool- 
producing animals would give us a new source of national wealth." 



XL WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OP WOOL. 

the droughts of 1863-'64 proved disastrous to sheep-raising and almost 
stripped the State of her sheep, and it took several years to recover 
from these disasters. In 1870, 1877, 1878 California drove Merino sheep 
to New Mexico to the number of nearly 50,000 in the three years. 

In New Mexico, as in Texas and California, the best results have fol- 
lowed from the crossing of breeds, and the agricultural reports since 
1880 show a wonderful increase in the weight of the fleece there. In 
1880 the average fleece in New Mexico only weighed about 2 pounds, 
while the most inferior in Texas and California was 2.17 pounds, the 
half-breeds 3.17 pounds, and those over half-breeds 4.75 pounds. 

According to the official statistics of 1880, Ohio raised about one- 
seventh of the sheep and one-seventh of the wool of the United States; 
California about one-ninth of the sheep and one-ninth of the wool. 
Texas came next in number of sheep ; Michigan next, but she produced 
nearly twice as much wool as Texas ; New Mexico next in number of 
sheep, but behind Pennsylvania and New York in amount of wool ; 
next in number of sheep came Pennsylvania, and next New York. The 
only other States that had as many as 1,000,000 sheep or produced as 
much as 5,000,000 pounds of wool in 1880 were Missouri, Illinois, In- 
diana, Kentucky, Oregon, and Wisconsin, in the order named. Colo- 
rado, however, shows wonderful improvement during the decade from 
1870 to 1880, having in 1880, 746,443 sheep and raising 3,197,391 pounds 
of wool. 

It will be observed that of the above-named thirteen States and one 
Territory, eight lie west of the Mississippi Eiver, and prior to the year 
1850 Missouri was the only one of theeight where sheep-raising had been 
considered of any importance. 

LOCALITY OF PRODUCT AND RELATIVE AMOUNT OF CLOTHING, COMB 
INGr, AND CARPET WOOLS RAISED. 

Mr. J. E. Dodge, statistician of the Department of Agriculture, in 
respect to the kinds of wool grown in the United States, has stated as 
follows : 

The first of the three classes is clothing wool. This is the fleece of full-blood and 
grade Merino, of fine, short fiber, remarkable for its felting quality. These wools are 
prepared for manufacture by carding rather than combing. The highest type of this 
race, the registered thoroughbred, is found in Vermont, where breeding flocks are 
more numerous than elsewhere, and in considerable numbers in Western New York, 
Ohio, and Michigan, and scattered through the Western States. 

The Merino type of wools prevails almost exclusively in the three States named, in 
Texas, and throughout the Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast areas. Few sheep of 
other blood are found west of the Missouri River. 

Western Pennsylvania and West Virginia furnish wool of the Merino type mainly. 
The seaboard States of New England also furnish some grade wools of this type. 

The second class, the combing wool of the tariff classification, includes the medium 
and long wools of the English breeds, the Cotswold, Leicester, Lincoln, several fami- 
lies of Downs, ami other breeds of long and coarso wool, also popularly known as the 
mutton breeds, xhese are few in number compared with the Merino type. Nearly all 
the sheep of the South, exclusive of Texas, aroof this class, mostly descendants of the 
Jess improved English sheep of a hundred years ago, with occasional infusions of better 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XLI 

blood from England, Canada, or the Northern States. In Kentucky probably 99 per 
cent, are of the combing-wool class. A considerable portion, too, are highly im- 
proved, giving to this State the reputation of having a larger proportion of high- 
quality mutton than any other State. 

In the vicinity of the Atlantic cities, from Maine to Virginia, sheep husbandry is 
principally lamb production, the males being Downs or other English breeds, and the 
ewes grades of both the Merino and the English types. This combination produces 
a mixed wool of a useful character. Then there are considerable numbers of the 
English breeds, though fewer than Merino, scattered through the Western States, 
from Ohio to Kansas, and a still smaller proportion on the Pacific coast and in the 
Territories. 

As to the third class, the carpet wools, they are represented in the United States 
only by the Mexican sheep, which are the foundation of a large proportion of the 
ranch flocks, but so improved by repeated crosses as to furnish wool of the Merino 
type, much of it of high grade. 

It is also stated that the carpet- wool product of the United States is 
almost exclusively the fleece of sheep of Mexican origin, which are raised 
chiefly in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and certain other Territories of 
the mountain region of the country situated between the Mississippi 
Valley and the Pacific slope. 

The imports of combing wool into the United States are chiefly English 
long wool, which enters into competition with the delaine or combing 
merino wool produced in this country. 

As to relative quantity of clothing, combing, and carpet wools, re- 
spectively, produced in the United States, Mr. James Lynch, of New 
York, a recognized authority upon wool statistics, states, under date of 
September 26, 1887, as follows : 

You want estimates of the respective amounts of clothing, combing, and carpet 
wool in the United States clip of 1886. If you will refer to my last annual circular 
you will find my estimate of the total wool clip of the United States to be as follows 
in pounds, viz : 
Iowa, Missouri, Minnesota, and States east of the Mississippi, except 

lower Southern 160,000,000 

California 40,305,000 

Oregon and other Western States and Territories 56,000, 000 

Colorado and New Mexico 24,000,000 

Texas 26,000,000 

Georgia, Lake, and Southern 16,000,000 

Total 322, 30.'), 000 

With the improved combing machinery now in use nearly all of the first mentioned 
160,000,000 pounds could be passed through the combs; and so also could a small 
portion of the 40,305,000 pounds of California, and perhaps five-eighths of tbe 
56,000,000 pounds of Oregon and other States and Territories. A good deal of the 
24,000,000 pounds of the wool from Colorado and New Mexico can be combed, but 
very little use is made of it for that purpose. There is a small portion of the 26,000,- 
000 pounds of Texas and the 16,000,0.00 pounds of Southern that could be combed, 
but hardly any of it is used. 

All the wool can be used for clothing purposes, barring a trifling quantity of hairy 
and kempy, which comes chiefly from Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. 

It may be said that the coarse wool from any section may be used for carpets. No 
one has ever embarked in the business of growing carpet wool by itself, nor is there 
any likelihood of its ever being done. 



XLII WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

The classification of wools made by the tariff of March 2, 1867, is of very little 
account in reference to domestic wool now, twenty years later. The combing wool of 
to-day is, in my opinion, mostly taken from wool of the Meriuo blood, "immediate or 
remote." In old times the combs required a 4-inch staple of strong wool, while now 
1^-inch staple is length enough, and the finest Merino can be spun into worsted yarn. 

A considerable portion of the wool product of the country which, ac- 
cording to the terms of the tariff now in force, is classed as clothing 
wool has, by comparatively recent improvements in machinery, been 
rendered susceptible to the combing- process, and thus has been utilized 
in the manufacture of worsted goods, embracing certain higher grades 
of wearing apparel, women's and children's dress goods, as well as fab- 
rics for men's clothing. Such wools, though in the trade regarded as 
combing wools, under the terms of the revenue-law tariff would be 
classed as clothing wools. 

NUMBER OF SHEEP AND WEIGHT OF CLIP. 

There has been great difficulty in ascertaining the true amount of the 
wool product of the United States, especially prior to 1860, and even 
now some of these difficulties still exist, and all estimates are necessa- 
rily imperfect. There are several reasons for this state of uncertainty 
about the wool crop, the principal being (1) the imperfect census laws 
and the imperfect execution of those laws prior to 1860; (2) the raising 
of sheep in many localities in the South for meat alone, and the failure 
to shear the flocks or account for the wool on the hides ; (3) the failure 
to report the wool sold to butchers on the sheep to be slaughtered ; ( t) 
the existence of small herds of from 1 to 25 sheep, which in the aggre- 
gate number inauy hundreds of thousands, and yet the wool clip from 
each herd being so small that the owners use it for domestic purposes, 
or, if they sell, fail to report the amount of the clip. 

It is not surprising that with these difficulties in the way of ascer- 
taining the true amount of wool raised annually there should be dis- 
crepancies between the agricultural and census reports on the one 
hand, and the commercial estimates on the other. In the following 
pages the official figures as shown by agricultural and census reports 
are given except where otherwise mentioned. The commercial estimates 
are higher and in some cases obviously too high, but it is believed that 
the official figures here given are on an average 15 per cent, below the 
actual wool product. As to the estimate of the number of sheep the 
same difficulties do not exist, and the official figures are believed to be 
accurate ; the true average weight per fleece is therefore a little greater 
than the offidal estimates. 

The estimate of the number of sheep and the wool product for 1810— 
admitted to be of doubtful accuracy — is about 10,000,000 sheep and 
13,000,000 pounds of wool ; in 1812 the number of sheep had increased 
about 15 per cent., but the wool clip was about 21,000,000 pounds, or 
over 50 per cent, increase, and of much finer quality than in L810 ; in 
1836 there were about 17,000,000 sheep, and in 1810, 19,311,374, produc- 
ing 35,000,000 pounds of wool; in 1850 the number of sheep was 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XLIII 

21,723,220, and the wool clip 52,516,959 pounds ; in 1860 the number of 
sheep was 22,471,275, aud the wool clip 60,511,343 pounds. 

The increase in number of sheep from 1810 to 1860 was only a little 
over 100 per cent., and the increase in wool clip was about 350 per cent, 
during the same period of fifty years, while for the next twenty-five 
years, from 1860 to 1885, the increase was greater than for the former 
period of fifty years, viz, over 140 per cent, in number of sheep and 
over 375 per cent, in wool clip. 

In 1870 the number of sheep was 28,477,951 and the wool clip 
100,102,387 pounds. The most rapid increase ever attained in this 
country began in 1869 and continued until 1884, both in number of 
sheep and weight of clip. Since 1881, there has been an annual de- 
crease in the number of sheep and an annual decrease in the wool clip. 

Mr. Lynch, who is high authority as a statistician, put the wool clip 
of 1866 at 120,000,000 pounds in the old States and 17,000,000 pounds 
in the Territories and Pacific States, and for 1877 he puts the clip in the 
old States at 117,000,000 pounds (a loss of 3,000,000 pounds in ten 
years) and at 91,250,000 pounds in the Territories and Pacific States (a 
gain of 74,250,000 pounds in ten years), making the total clip for 1877 
208,250,000 pounds, a net gain in the ten years in the United States of 
71,250,000 pounds. 

In 1880 the total wool product was 240,000,000 pounds and the num- 
ber of sheep 40,765,900 ; in 1884 the number of sheep was 50,626,626 ; 
in 1885, 50,360,243 ; in 1886, 48,322,331 j and in 1887, 44,759,314 ; show- 
ing losses in number of sheep since 1884. The weight of the wool clip 
has also, during the same period, decreased. In 1884 it was 308,000,000 
pounds; in 1885 it was 302,000,000 pounds; in 1886 it was 285,000,000 
pounds ; and in 1887 it was 265,000,000 pounds, as estimated by J. E. 
Dodge, statistician. 

Prior to the year 1885 some of the old States had for several years 
lost in the number of sheep and gained in the quantity of wool, but 
since 1885 the loss in numbers and weight has been general through- 
out the country, New Mexico and California decreasing in numbers and 
decreasing in weight, like the old States. The heavy decrease in Texas 
was phenomenal and due to local sheep diseases. 

The present average weight of the fleece is only about 6 pounds, while 
the fleece of the best sheep is much greater ; it can therefore be safely 
predicted that owing to the still imperfect quality of our average sheep, 
and the present overproduction of sheep caused by the high wool tariff, 
there may be little or no gain in numbers, if not an actual loss, in the 
near future; still the loss in numbers will be accompanied by a com- 
parative gain in weight of the clip. The experience of the past, the 
increasing value of lands, the division of large farms and ranches, ac- 
companied by greater personal care of farm stock, all point conclusively 
to a rapid improvement in the weight of fleeces, especially until the 
period arrives when mutton or long combing wools on account of their 
scarcity no longer sell higher than merinos. 



XLIV WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

Iii 1840 tlie average weight of the fleece was barely 1.85 pounds ; in 
1850 it was 2.42 pounds ; in 1860, 2.68 pounds ; in 1870,3.52 pounds; 
in 1880, 4.79 pounds ; and in 1887, about G pounds. 

Since 1SG0 the population has not kept pace with the wool crop. In 
1860 the country produced little over 2 pounds to each inhabitant; 
in 1880, over 4 pounds; and in 1885, oyer 5 pounds to each inhabitant. 

INFORMATION IN REGARD TO THE QUALITIES OF WOOL. 

From the report of the committee of the National Academy of Sci- 
ences, made in 1886 to the Secretary of the Treasury, it appears that 
"the different purposes to which wool is applied has produced the 
breeding of different stocks of sheep in the United States, so that we 
now produce wool from 1 inch to over 1 foot in length of fiber, and 
varying in fineness from y-gVo of an inch to -j^ of an inch in diameter.' 

From the same authority it appears that " our wools differ in strength 
of fiber, elasticity uuder pulling strain, elasticity under bending strain, 
flexibility, softness, character, and amount of secretions, color, luster, 
and in many other ways; that the character of the wool varies as to 
its location on the hide, especially in the unimproved stock ; that it also 
varies under different conditions of food, climate, soil, and water; that 
a flock which produces a certain quality of wool will not always produce 
the same quality in another pasture ; that the same pasture varies 
greatly at different seasons of the year, and affects the quality of the 
wool by making fibers of unequal fineness in different portions of their 
length and decreasing their strength at certain points of their growth." 

Dr. McMurtrie, formerly connected with the Agricultural Depart- 
ment, and now professor of chemistry at the University of Illinois (high 
scientific authority), furnishes the following information : 

The merino sheep varies as to fineness of wool from 5 to 15 per cent., according to 
the condition of the animal as to health, nutrition, and care. The following is the 
result of tests made of merino wool selected from several States from the purest me- 
rinos, descended from the same parent stock in Vermont, first as to fineness of fiber 
which is measured in centimillimetres : Pennsylvania, 1.711 ; Texas, 1.837 : California, 
1.883; Illinois, 1.902; Vermont, 1.979; New York, 2.034 ; Wisconsin, 2.049— which 
shows that of the seven States named. Pennsylvania produced the finest and Wiscon- 
sin the coarsest fiher from pure merinos descended from the same stock. 

As to elasticity, estimated in percentages, the following is the result from pure me- 
rinos from the same parent stock in Vermont: Illinois, 91.751 ; Texas, 90.292 ; Min- 
nesota, 77.010 ; Vermont, 70.587 ; Pennsylvania, 03.795 ; California, 61.972 ; New York, 
55.875; Wisconsin, 4^.446 — which shows that Illinois produced the most and Wiscon- 
sin the least elastic wool from the same stock of sheep. 

Wool improves in elasticity to a maximum with the ago of the sheep, to a certain 
age, and then deteriorates; the maximum point' differing widely in the different 
breeds of sheep. The Cotswold and Lincoln or Leicester reaches its maximum at. one 
year; the Downs at three years, and the Merino at four years. Iu strength of fiber 
the Southdown stands lirst; the Merino second; the Liucolns third, and the Cots- 
wold is the weakest. 

The fiber of wool is 1\ stronger than bone; nearly twice as strong as soft brass, 
iron, or steel wiro rope ; twice as strong as the hardest wood, and four times as strong 
as white pine. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XLV 

The Merino wools are used for fine cassimeres and broadcloths and 
for felting purposes ; the Lincoln and Cotswold sheep furnish the long 
combing wools used in manufacturing worsted and soft knit goods; 
the Merino and Down wools are called carding wools, while the Lincoln 
and Cotswold are denominated combing wools. 

WOOL PRODUCT OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

While the United States, especially the western part of the country, 
has been steadily increasing its wool product, until 1884, the rest of 
the world has kept pace with us. 

In the thickly-settled portions of Europe, where lands are valuable, 
there has been little or no increase in the wool product, but in the 
English dependencies and colonies the growth has been as rapid as in 
this country, and of late years the Biver Platte country of South Amer- 
ica has also taken its place in the front rank of the wool growers of the 
world. 

INDIA. 

Prior to 1820 India exported no wool and raised very little. In 1810 
her export was only about 2,500,000 pounds; in 1850 about 3,500,000 
pounds; and in 1859 over 14,000,000 pounds ; since which time her ex- 
port of wool has greatly increased. India's wool clip of 1870 was esti- 
mated at about 30,000,000 pounds, and in 1880 at over 50,000,000 pounds. 

AFRICAN COLONIES. 

The English colonies in South Africa prior to 1820 produced no wool; 
in 1845 these colonies furnished England with 3,500,000 pounds of 
wool ; in 1850, nearly 6,000,000 pounds ; in 1855, over 11,000,000 pounds ; 
and in 1859, over 14,000,000 pounds. In 1870 they produced 41,000,000 
pounds; and in 1880, 46,000,000 pounds. 

AUSTRALIA. 

Capt. John McArthur, of the British Army, who settled in A ustralia, 
imported in 1797, 3 Merino rams, which were the first ever seen in that 
country. He crossed these on the native sheep. His experiment 
proved a success and he afterwards became a large sheep and wool 
raiser, but his example was not followed for many years, and in 1830 
the wool crop was only about 1,000,000 pounds ; iu 1S85 it was 
3,776,191 pounds ; in 1840, 6,215,329 pounds in Xew South Wales alone, 
and over 9,000,000 pounds in Australia ; in 1845 it was 24,000,000 pounds ; 
in 1850, 39,000,000 pounds; in 1855, 49,000,000 pounds; in I860, 
55,000,000 pounds ; in 1870, 193,000,000 pounds ; and in 1SS0, 392,000,000 
pounds. In 1880 this immense wool clip was from 51,000,000 sheep, 
making the average of nearly S pounds per fleece. Since 1880 several 
years of severe drought in Australia destroyed 10,000,000 or 12,000,000 
sheep, but at present her flocks and her wool clip arc greater than in 
1880. In 1SS5-86 the exports from Australasia were 455,476,000 pounds. 



XL VI WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 
THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 

Since 18G0 wool growing has also increased very rapidly in the Argen- 
tine Eepublic or Eiver Platte country, in South America, so that in 1880 
the wool product amounted to 240,000,000 pounds. 

Since 1880 this industry has continued to grow and it is now esti- 
mated that the number of sheep is 80,000,000, nearly, if not quite, 
equal to that of Australia and New Zealand. 

RUSSIA. 

Next after Australia, the Argentine Eepublic, and the United States 
comes Eussia, as a wool-growing country. There is, however, little 
difference in the weight of the wool clip of Eussia and this country. 
The number of sheep in Eussia in 1882 was about 57,000,000 and the 
wool clip about 263,000,000 pounds. 

ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND GERMANY. 

These countries, in the order named, come next as wool growers, but 
none of them produce enough wool for home consumption, and they all 
are heavy importer of raw wool. 

The countries that yield the largest surplus of wool for export are 
Eussia, the Argentine Eepublic, South Africa, and Australasia. Their 
capacity for supplying the manufactures of the world seems to be am- 
ple. They have all improved their sheep by crossing with the merinos, 
and their wools, especially those of Australia and the Platte country, 
are among the finest in the world. 

These two last-named countries are much alike in their peculiar fit- 
ness for sheep raising, and are as yet not taxed to anything like their 
capacity. Australia alone is as large in area as the United States. 

In Australia the plains devoted to sheep-raising are in the bauds of 
comparatively a few, who have perpetual leases of immense tracts of 
Government lands at low rates. Some of these tracts contain as much 
as 100,000 acres, so that the country bids fair to coutiuue to be a sheep- 
raising section. 

It is idle to talk about raising sheep in Europe or this country to 
compete with South Africa, the Platte country, or Australasia. 

Our sheep farming must eventually be confined to small docks of im- 
proved breeds, raised on farms where they require little or no extra 
labor. It has already come to this in Europe, and in the Eastern and 
Middle States, where lands are valuable^ and will finally prevail in the 
West, as the large ranches are divided up and settled. 

The conditions are entirely different in South Africa, Australia, and 
South America, where laborers are, at best, semi-barbarians or peons, 
and the immense plains of cheap lands and torrid climate seem better 
adapted to sheep raising than other industries. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUKES OF WOOL. XLVII 

The wools from South Africa are used chiefly in Scotland and the 
West of England for men's goods. 

The Australasian clip varies from the long, bright, New Zealand 
cross-bred wools to the coarse carpet wools. 

The Eiver Platte wools also vary greatly, but are chiefly noted for 
their fine, short fiber, which fits them for fine broad cloths and cassi- 
meres. The weight of the fleeces is. therefore much less than in Aus- 
tralasia. 

DEVELOPEMENT OF WOOLEN MANUFACTURES IN THE UNITED STATES. 

The manufacture of wool in the Colonies properly began with the erec- 
tion of fulling-mills in Massachusetts in 1648 — or, as claimed by some, in 
1643 — by a society of Yorkshire people, supposed to be Non-conformists, 
who brought with them from England their looms and implements of 
trade. 

The woolen webs of the hand-looms of the private families were car- 
ried to these fulling-mills to undergo a process which gave them greater 
body and thickness, adapted them to a better finish, and increased their 
durability ; they increased very rapidly in number throughout the Colo- 
nies until every neighborhood seems to have had a fulling-mill, while 
every family had its loom and every woman was a weaver ; there were 
also many weavers who wove on their haud-looms for the public, and 
some who traveled about from house to house plying their trade, but 
there is no record of any woolen factory or company organized for woolen 
manufacture prior to the year 178S. 

The progress we made in thirty-five years of competition with En- 
glish manufacturers is very well shown by the business experience of 
the late Mr. Thomas R. Hazard, one of the earliest woolen manufact- 
urers in this country. Mr. Hazard said : 

In 1816 and later I used to employ scores of women to spin at their homes at 4 
cents a skein, by which they earned 12 cents a day at most. Inferior cotton shirt- 
ings sold then at 50 cents a yard, thus requiring four days' work of the woman to 
pay for 1 yard of cotton cloth, she boarding herself. The wool was carded into rolls 
at Peacedale and transported to and from on the backs of horses. Some time ago I 
stood in a manufactory in the same village, and took note of a stripling who tended 
two highly improved jennies, from which he was turning ofl' daily as much yarn as 
six or seven hundred formerly spun on wheels in the same time. In the mean time the 
introduction of labor-saving machinery and perfected skill had so reduced the cost 
of goods that a superior article of cotton cloth was then sold in the village stores for 
15 cents a yard, for what formerly cost 50 cents a yard. So that had this boy spin- 
ner been paid the same price per skein that was formerly paid to a woman for an 
equal amount of work, he would have received as much as could formerly have been 
earned by about two thousand hand-spinncrs in the same time. 

The following is an extract from "Wade's Fibre and Fabric in regard 
to the early condition and progress of our woolen manufacture: 

Up to 1840 about the only woolen fabrics made in the United States wore satinets, 
broadcloths, flannels, and blankets. Eighteen hundred and lii'ty saw the success of 
the Crompton loom at Lowell and Lawrence, on which were made a full line of Scotch 



XLVIII WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OP WOOL. 

plaids in all their beautiful colorings, as well as star twills, half-diamonds — basket 
weaving effects, all made from scoured yarns. The " Bay State shawl " was then be- 
ing made in great abundance, and was universally worn. White flannels were then, 
as now, a staple product. There were also many mills making tweeds, used as 
Avater-proof cloaks for ladies. They were made on three harness, with cotton warp 
and wool filling, now substituted by the universally worn rubber water-proof. Up to 
that time fancy cassimeres had been largely made through the Blackstone Valley on 
the Crompton and Tappet looms, as made by William .Crompton. These goods were 
woven in the grease, the same as at the present time. As early as 184G the Jacquard 
was used at Woonsocket and Blackstone. From 1850 to 1800 fancy cassimeres made 
a rapid advance, and the styles ran to extremes far more thau they ever have since. 
The Jacquard was again brought into use at Woonsocket, Blackstone, Millville, and 
at Rockville, the writer putting up some thirty machines at Warehouse Point, Conn. 
In 1854 very ultra styles were made, and sold weil at large prolit. When the war 
broke out almost every mill in the country was put on army goodr> and army flannels 
and blankets. The war brought its long stagnation ; after which, with the revival 
of trade, came the demand for better-made goods. Ladies' worsted dress goods were 
also introduced, and following them the worsted industry for men's wear, which has 
grown to its present large proportions. With the downfall of worsted dress goods 
Bradford received a hard blow, and one of our largest corporations with difficulty 
weathered the storm. This fabric was followed by the " soft woolen " dress goods in- 
troduced by the French, and which have had such a long run and still remain popn. 
lar. Wade's Fibre and Fabric, since the publication o'f its first number, has persist- 
ently advised the diversifying of cotton fabrics, and with the best results, as the close 
observer has noticed. The demand for better-made fabrics of all kinds has called 
for better made machinery, and the progress made in the past thirty-seven years 
has been wonderful, and the contest is still going on. 

Fulling-mills of the present day are connected with and are a part of 
the woolen manufactories, except in remote and isolated localities in the 
West and South, where there are few factories, and the inhabitants still 
use their hand-looms in their families and wear their homespun cloths. 
They are, however, rapidly diminishing in number as separate estab- 
lishments from woolen factories. In 1840 there were 2,'.So fulling-mills 
in the United States, while in 1880 the number had become reduced 
to 991, and these combined wool carding with the fulling process. 

In 1788 Jeremiah Wadsworth and others erected and put in operation 
at Hartford, Conu., the first woolen factory using more than one loom. 
This factor had the capacity of weaving 5,000 yards of cassimeres or 
broadcloth per annum, worth about $5 per yard. This was considered 
a stupendous undertaking at that time, and was deemed of such im- 
portance to the infant Republic that General Washington paid a special 
visit to it, and in 1791 Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, 
in his address to Congress, complimented the owners of the factory, and 
urged the importance of improving the breeds of sheep. When Gen- 
eral Washington made his address to Congress he wore a suit of broad- 
cloth manufactured and presented to him by the owners of the Hartford 
Woolen Factory. 

About 1789 another woolen mill, with about the same capacity, com- 
menced operations at Stockbridge, and iu 1790 another at Watertown, 
s o that iu 1790 there were 3 woolen mills iu operation, with a capacity 
of about 15,000 yards per annum, worth about $75,000. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. XLIX 

In the year 1794 the first incorporated woolen company in the United 
States built a factory and commenced manufacturing at B yfield, Mass. 
with Arthur Schofield and other English operatives in charge. This, 
factory in the year 1804 made a little fine broadcloth from merino wool, 
the first made in the United States. 

In 1809 another woolen company was formed at Pittsfield, Mass., and 
began manufacturing fine cloths. 

It is believed that the above-named 5 mills were the only mills in the 
United States making fine cloth in 1810. There were, however, 9 other 
factories at work in 1810 making cloth of coarser grade and averaging- 
over 10,000 yards each annually, besides 10 more smaller factories. The 
estimated factory product of cloth for that year (1810) was nearly 
200,000 yards, worth in the market from $1 to $10 per yard. The esti- 
mate of woolen cloth manufactured in private families the same year 
was about 9,500,000 yards ; so that the mills of that day only made 
about one-fiftieth of the whole woolen product of the country. 

The total value of the manufactured product of 1810 was S25,(J08,788. 

The principal mills were located at Byfield, Mass, ; New Ipswich, N". 
H. ; Warwick and Portsmouth, E. I. ; Derby and Hartford, Conn. ; 
Watertown and Poughkeepsie, JN r .Y. ; Philadelphia, Pa. ; Wilmington, 
Del. ; and Baltimore, Elkton, and Frederick, Md. 

In 1812 steam was first introduced in woolen mills in the United 
States at Providence and at Middletown, but no power-looms for broad- 
cloth were used until 1825, when they were first used by the Pontoosac 
Manufacturing Company for making broadcloth, and also superior all- 
wool, cotton-warp, drab, and fancy cloths. 

The first large woolen factory built in the United States was erected 
by Mr. L. Pomeroy, who, however, used hand-looms entirely. 

The war of 1812 gave a great impetus to woolen manufactures, es- 
pecially those of military and naval cloths, blankets, and negro cloths, 
and factories sprung up everywhere, but nearly all of these enterprises 
met with disaster when peace was established in 1815, and the superior 
English goods were imported, as at that day in this country there was 
not the skill or machinery required. Iu one year the foreign import of 
woolens amounted to $155,000,000 in value, and nearly all of our woolen 
mills failed, as all enterprises of sudden growth without a solid founda. 
tion are liable to do. 

The extent of the disaster to our manufacturing interests is best ex- 
hibited by reference to the statistics of wool manufacture during the 
thirty years subsequent to 1810. 
Value of manufactured wool product : 

1810 $25,608,788 

1820 4,413,060 

1830 14,528,166 

1840 20,696,699 

Urgent appeals to Congress by the woolen manufacturers in the 
mean while resulted in several changes in the tariff. 
5402 w 4 



L WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

In 1816 Congress laid a duty of 25 per cent, ad valorem for the next 
three years, ami provided that after that time it should be reduced to 
20 per cent. 

In 1824 the tariff was again increased to 25 per cent, ad valorem ou 
goods costing as much as 33£ cents or less per square yard, and 33£ per 
cent, ad valorem on all goods costing over 33£ ceuts per square yard. 
Congress at the same time laid a duty of 30 per cent, ad valorem on raw 
wool costing over 10 cents per pound and 15 per cent, ad valorem on 
wool costing under 10 cents per pound. 

The tariff law of 1824 did not, however, go iuto force fully until June, 
1826. 

England, in order to offset this statute, reduced her import duty on 
foreign wool in 1825, so as to enable her manufacturers to furnish woolen 
goods to America notwithstanding the tariff laws of 1824, and she com- 
peted successfully with our factories. 

In 1828 Congress increased the duties ou woolen goods costing 4$ or 
less per square yard to 45 per cent, ad valorem, and ou all costing over 
$4 per square yard to 50 per cent, ad valorem, and at the same time 
laid a higher duty on raw wool equal to 100 per cent, ad valorem on 
wool costing 8 cents per pound. 

In 1846 raw wool was admitted free of duty if it cost 20 cents per 
pound or less, and the tariff was reduced to 30 per cent, ad valorem on 
raw wool costing over 20 cents per pound. In the same year the tariff 
on woolen manufactures was reduced to 30 per cent, ad valorem. 

In 1850 the value of the manufactured wool product was 843,542,288, 
or an increase of between $17,000,000 and $18,000,000 over the product 
of 1810, in a period of forty years. The number of woolen mills of all 
kinds (exclusive of fulling-mills) in 1840 was 1,420. Four-fifths of these 
were located in Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, Vermont, and 
Pennsylvania. In 1850 the number had increased to 1,550, and some ot 
them were located in each of thirty-two States of the Union. The capi- 
tal invested was $28,118,650, the number of hands employed was 39,252, 
the value of the product, $43,207,545, making the average annual value 
product for eacb mill less than $27,000. 

After the year 1850 the worsted goods manufactures assumed such 
proportions that the statistics were made separate from the woolen man- 
ufactures. Carpet and hosiery required separate statistics also, and 
since 1870 felt goods, woolen hats, and shoddy are also put in separate 
tables. 

The first decided advauce towards perfection in woolen manufactures 
seems to have been in fiannel goods. In 1821 flannels made in New- 
York were equal to the best Welsh flannels: In 1823, 30,000 pieces of 
flannel were made near Boston ; in 1827, three mills near Xewburyport 
made flannel valued at $684,000. In 1820, Henry Stevens started a 
flannel mill with the capacity of 3,000 yards per week. In 1840, two flan- 
nel mills were in operation at Dover, N. H. In I860, the Bay State 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL LI 

and Ballard Vale mills and the mill of Gilbert and Stevens, at Ware, 
Mass., made flannels in every way equal to any imported, and the 
shawls, balmorals, fancy flannels, shirtings, and opera cloakings manu- 
factured at Waterloo, N. Y., and Laconia, N. H., could not be excelled. 

Since 1860 our flannels have continued to maintain their high repu- 
tation. 

The first large mill for blankets was established in 1831 in Pendleton 
District, S. O. ; the blankets made there were of cotton warp and de- 
signed for negro use. 

During the same year a large factory was built near Buffalo, N. Y., 
for the manufacture of Mackinaw or Indian blankets. From 1831 to 
1860 blankets began to be made in nineteen different States, and in the 
year 1860, 616,400 were manufactured, principally in Maine, Massachu- 
setts, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and California. Since that time 
blanket manufactures have steadily increased, and are equal to any im- 
ported blankets in beauty of texture and finish. 

In the year 1860 there were in the United States 1,263 woolen estab- 
lishments, with a capital of $30,922,654, consuming 83,608,468 pounds 
of wool, paying $10,153,938 wages to 43,738 employes, and yielding a 
product valued at $65,596,364; the average annual wages had increased 
from $205 in 1850 to $237 in 1860 ; the average value of the product 
per hand had increased from $1,248 in 1850 to $1,496 in 1860. New 
England produced in 1860 about 65 per cent, of the manufactured prod- 
uct of the United States. In 1870 the number of woolen mills had 
increased to 2,993 as against 1,263 in 1860 ; the amount of capital, 
$108,910,369; the number of pounds of wool consumed, 172,078,919; 
the number of hands employed, 92,973; the amount of wages paid, 
$31,246,432, and the value of manufactured product, $177,495,689. 

In the year 1880 the number of woolen factories had increased to 
2,689, but of these only 1,992 are properly woolen mills (the remainder, 
viz, 991, are simply fulling and carding mills) ; the number of hands 
employed in 1880 was 161,557 ; the amount of capital invested was 
$159,091,869 ; amount of wages paid, $47,389,087 ; the value of the an- 
nual product, $267,252,913. 

In 1870 the following were the seven leading industries, yielding 
annual products of value in the order named : (lj flour and grist mills ; 
(2) slaughter and meat packing; (3) iron and steel manufacture ; (4) 
saw-mills ; (5) foundries and machine-shops ; (6) cotton goods manu- 
factures ; (7) woolen manufactures. 

In 1880 woolen manufactures had outstripped numbers 4, 5, and 6, 
above named, and stood fourth of the seven named industries. 

Mr. J. E. Dodge furnishes the following statistics, not yet published 
for circulation : 

The annual requirement of wool for manufacture in 1840 was 3.4 pounds per capita 
for our population, and the annual requirement for i860 was still only 3.4 pounds per 



LII WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

capita, showing no increase of manufacture per capita for twenty years, While from 
1860 to 1880 the annual requirement has increased to 6 pounds per capita. The 
proportion of this manufactured wool grown in this country has also increased 
greatly. The home-grown wool of 1840 amounted to 2.5 pounds per capita ; in 1850, 
to 2.7 pounds; in 1860, to 2.3 pounds; in 1870, to 4.2 pounds; in 1880 to 4.2 pound-,. 
and in 1885 to over 5 pounds. 

The importation of woolens has relatively decreased, notwithstanding the enor- 
mous increase of wealth and the greatly enlarged rate of consumption. The average 
value per capita of woolens imported between 1850 and I860 was $1.09. In the fol- 
lowing decade, which included the war period with its immense waste of clothing 
and high cost of goods, the average importation for each individual was reduced to 
91 cents, and between 1870 and 1880 it fell to 86 cents. 

INCREASED PRODUCTIVE POWER OP WOOLEN MACHINERY. 

Of late years the productive power of woolen machinery has greatly 
increased, so that the number of mills or number of sets of cards is 
no index of the condition of manufacture. For example, in 1870, 8,352 
sets of cards used ouly 208,916 pounds of all materials, or 25,014 pounds 
per set; while in 1880, 5,961 sets used 270,949 pounds of all materials, 
or 46,460 pounds per set, thus nearly doubling in productive power. 
Again, in New England there was from 1870 to 1880 a reduction in the 
sets of cards from 3,358 to 2,922 (nearly 13 per cent, decrease) ; and 
during the same period the pounds of material used increased from 
116.511,379 to 156,091,549 (an increase of about 33 per cent.). 

In 1880 the great bulk of woolen manufacture was carried on in nine 
States, and in the order named: .(1) Massachusetts; (2) Pennsylvania; 
(3) Connecticut; (4) Rhode Island; (5) New York; (6) New Hampshire; 
(7) Maine; (8) New Jersey; (9) Vermont. 

The following were the seven leading cities in woolen manufacture 
in the order named, viz: (1) Philadelphia; (2) Lawrence; (3) Provi- 
ence; (4) Lowell; (5) New York; (6) Manchester; (7) Boston. 

In the same year (1880) 61 per cent, of the hands employed in woolen 
mills were natives and 39 per cent, were foreigners. 

The statistics heretofore given include all branches of the woolen 
industries, but each demands a separate history. 

WORSTED MANUFACTURES. 

Under worsted manufactures are included all wool and cotton warp, 
delaines, challies, bareges, imitation bareges, all-wool and part-wool 
reps and worsted yarns for carpets and hosiery. En the year 1860 
these goods were made in several States, but nearly all in value were 
made by three mills, viz: Manchester Print Works, Manchester, N. 
H.; Pacific Mills, Lawrence, Mass.; and Hamilton Woolen Company's 
Works, Southbridge, Mass. These three mills made in I860 about 
22,750,000 yards, valued at 63,701,378. 

These mills employed 2,37* hands, and paid in wages $543,684; their 
capital was $3,230,000. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. LIII 

• 

Prior to 186S worsted manufacture was confined to the goods before 
named, but in 1868 diagonal and other worsteds for men's wear began 
to be made, and grew so rapidly in popularity that they created a rev- 
olution in worsted manufactures. In 1867 there wereonlv a few combs 
running, but in 1880 there were- 360 combs, and in 1886 there were 563 
in active operation. 

In 1870 the capital invested in worsted mills bad increased to 
$10,085,000; the number of mills had increased to 102, employing 12,920 
hands, paying $4,308,857 in wages, and producing annually in value 
$22,090,331. 

In 1880 capital in worsted mills had increased to $20,374,043; there 
were 18,803 hands employed, receiving $5,683,027 in wages, and pro- 
ducing in value $33,549,942. 

Since 1880 the worsted goods industry has continued to increase, and 
in 1885 Mr: Truitt, of the house of Dolan & Co., estimated that the 
combing- wool clip of the United States fell 80,000,000 pounds short of 
the amount necessary to run the machinery to its full capacity. 

CARPET MANUFACTURES. 

The first carpet seen in the United States, of which we have any 
knowledge, was a small Turkish rug, said to have been in the house of 
Kidd, the pirate, who was executed in 1701. As early as 1760 a few 
Scotch and other carpets were advertised by persons in New York, but 
prior to the Revolution they were very rare, and then only in the houses 
of wealthy Dutch merchants. 

In 1791 William Peter Sprague started a carpet factory at Philadel- 
phia, and wove a national pattern with a device representing the arms 
and achievements of the United States, and in the same year Secretary 
Hamilton recommended that Congress encourage the industry by in- 
creasing the duty on wool carpets. 

Several years later John Dorsey started another factory at Philadel- 
phia ; but in 1810 there were only manufactured 9,984 yards of carpetings 
in the whole country, worth about $1 per yard. This industry increased 
very little, however, until 1827, when H. R. Knight & Co. established 
a factory in Hartford County, Connecticut. The next year the Thoinp- 
sonville Company started another in the same county. The Lowell 
Manufacturing Company also started in 1828. Samuel Given put 
another in operation at Carlisle, Pa., in 1830, and in the year 1833 

3 carpet factories were built in Columbia County, New York, and 1 
at Rochester, ST. Y. During the same year carpet factories were 
started in New Haven and New London Counties. Connecticut, Sotn- 
ersworth, X. H., Baltimore, Md., and Steubeuville, Ohio. 

In 1834 there were 18 or 20 carpet factories, running 511 looms, of 
which 18 looms were for Brussels, 21 for treble ingrained, 11 Venetian. 

4 Damask Venetian, and 424 for ingrained carpets other than three-ply. 
They made 1,147,500 yards, worth about $1 per yard. 



LIV WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

• 

In 1838 quite a revolution occurred in carpet manufacture in conse- 
quence of the invention by Mr. Erastus B. Bigelow, of Massachusetts, 
of a carpet power loom for manufacturing Brussels carpets (manufact- 
ured by hand looms prior to that time). This invention was, however, 
not perfected for Brussel carpets until 1848. Since that time one female 
can easily weave from 20 to 25 yards per day, while the product of the 
hand looms did not exceed 4 yards per day. The cost of weaving Brus- 
sels carpets had hitherto been 30 cents per yard. This invent ion re- 
duced the cost to about 4 cents per yard, and reduced the price of cA"- 
petings 20 per cent. 

This invention surprised the manufacturing world, which up to that 
time considered the manufacture of Brussels carpets an impossibility 
except by use of the hand loom. 

In 1857 American carpets, except the finest grades, had surpassed 
the rest of the world, and there were 5,000 power looms at work, and 
they could not supply the demand. 

Iu 18G0, 213 carpet factories used 8,843,691 pounds of wool; made 
13,285,921 yards, worth about 60 cents per yard, or in all $7,857,636; 
employed 6,681 hands and paid $1,545,692 in wages ; these 213 factories 
had a capital of $4,721,768. 

In 1870 there were 215 factories (only two more than in 1860), em- 
ploying 12,098 hands, paying $4,681,718 in wages, using 33,000,000 
pounds of wool, making 22,000,000 yards, worth $21,761,573 ; the capital 
had increased to $12,540,750. 

In 1880 the number of factories had decreased to 195, but the capital 
had increased to $21,468,587 ; amount of wages to $6,835,218 ; value of 
product to $31,792,802, and the number of employe's to 20,371. 

HOSIERY. 

Woolen hosiery includes socks, stockings, gloves, drawers, under- 
shirts, jackets, opera hoods, shawls, scarfs, comforters, and other knit 
goods, both all wool and mixed. 

The hosiery mills use cotton, silk, flax, and wool ; wool, however, is 
the greatest in value. 

In 1850 there were 85 hosiery mills, with a capital of $544,735, yield- 
ing an annual product worth $1,028,102; more than one-half in value of 
these products were made in Pennsylvania. 

In 1860 there were 197 factories, with a capital of $4,035,510, yielding 
an annual product of $7,280,606, exceeding the product of 1850 by 608 
per cent. 

In 1831 the only considerable hosiery establishment was that of the 
ISTewburyport Hose Manufacturing Company, of Massachusetts ; they 
used hand looms, however; 2 pairs of drawers per day is the capacity 
of a hand loom, while the power looms can make 20 pairs, and have 
decreased the cost of manufacturing to nearly one-tenth of the former 
cost. Between 1835 and 1810 this industry received considerable im- 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. LV 

petus from the invention and use of the circular knitting machines, 
which make stocking legs without a seam, and, recently many other 
new inventions have greatly stimulated this business. 

In 1870 there were 248 hosiery mills, with a capital of $10,931,260, 
making a product worth $18,411,464, using 5,600,000 pounds of wool, 
and employing 14,788 hands. 

In 1880 the hosiery product had increased to $29,167,227, the capital 
invested to $15,579,591, the number of hands to 28,885, and wages paid 
to $6,701,475. 

WOOL HATS AND FELT GOODS. 

In 1880, for the first time, the wool hat industry was separately noted. 
There was then invested in the business $3,615,830 ; 5,470 hands were 
employed, receiving in wages $1,893,215, and yielding a product of 
$8,516,569. 

In the same year the capital invested in the manufacture of felt goods 
amounted to $1,958,254; 1,524 hands were employed, receiving in wages 
§439,760, and yielding a product of $3,619,652. 



Shoddy was originally used only for padding, but during the late war 
was much used for overcoats, army cloths, piano and table covers, &c. 

White shoddy is used in white blankets, and dark shoddy in carpets 
and coarse cloths and dyed to cover the original colors. In 1842 a 
shoddy mill was projected at Woodstock, Yt., by Mr. Stearns, and 
in 1860 there were 5 small mills in ISTew York employing 58 hands and 
producing manufactures valued at about $40,000; in 1870 the shoddy 
mills used about 19,372,002 pounds of raw shoddy, and in 1880 they 
used 52,136,926 pounds of raw shoddy on a scoured basis, which is 
equivalent to about 70,000,000 pounds on an unwashed basis. 

MANUFACTURES OF ALPACA, ANGORA, AND CASHMERE WOOL. 

Between 1855 and 1860 the Cashmere and Angora goats were intro- 
duced in this country, and mills were soon thereafter commenced at 
Lowell to manufacture their wool and the wool of the alpaca sheep ; 
this industry is, however, still in its infancy. 

In 1880 there were 3,351,701 yards of alpaca woolen goods, and 1,000,- 
000 yards of alpaca worsted goods manufactured, and in the same year 
2,919,050 yards of cashmere and 1,557,537 yards of cashmerettes. 



LVI WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

THE DEVELOPMENT OF WOOL MANUFACTURES IN THE UNITED STATES. 
[By Mr. Geo. Wm. Bond, of Boston, Mass.] 

The early history of the woolen manufacture of the United States 
was given in the introduction to the census in i860, volume " Manufact- 
ures." Therefore it is unnecessary to state more than some leading 
points bearing upon its influence upon the wool and woolen trade. 

EARLY WOOL MACHINERY. 

Great Britain was but a short time in advance of the United States 
in making wool by machinery. The first establishments were started 
there about 1785 j the first carding machine here, at Byfield, Mass., in 
1794, made by Arthur Scholfield. Shortly before '1785 there may hart- 
been some machines for carding wool used in England, as there had 
been for nearly forty years before the machine invented by Lewis Paul 
in 1848 for carding cotton. This machine was reported to have been 
purchased by a hat manufacturer and applied to the carding of wool 
for hats. The first that we find any record of, for the wool manufact- 
ure, was introduced by Benjamin Gott about 1785, together with the 
mule jenny and power loom, which were invented about that time. 

ENGLISH PENAL LAWS AGAINST EXPORTING WOOL MACHINERY. 

So in reality we were not much behind Great Britain in the use 
of such machinery, but we were materially behind her in the means of 
obtaining it. We had no knowledge of the machinery and no skilled 
artisans to make it. Great Britain, where alone such macainery was 
well known, had very stringent penal laws against exporting such ma- 
chinery for textile manufacture, or even models or drawings of such 
machinery. Our people depended upon the descriptions which men 
who came over here from England, like the Scholfields, who represented 
themselves as woolen manufacturers, might give from recollection of what 
they had seen or perhaps worked on, and at the time these first came 
over there was hardly such a thing as a woolen factory in England. 

PROCESSES OF MANUFACTURE. 

The business was divided up. There were the staplers, who took the 
wool, sorted it according to its adaptation to various kinds of goods, 
perhaps scoured it, sold it to the spinners, who carded it and made it 
into yarn ; the weavers, who bought the yarn and wove it into flannels; 
the finisher, who took these flannels and made them up into the styles 
of goods for which they were adapted. All these processes were for- 
merly by hand, but this division of labor extended for a long time after 
the introduction of machinery, and, indeed, to a certain extent now ex- 
ists. Here this system was not practicable. Our manufacturers were 
obliged to buy the fleeces entire, sort them, and generally make on the 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. LV1I 

same set of machinery all the varieties of goods needed. This involved 
constant changes and consequently great delay in their work, thus ma- 
terially increasing the cost of manufacture. Their means were gen- 
erally limited. It was difficult in starting to estimate what would be 
the cost of their plant, and generally when it was completed their funds 
were exhausted and they had to put their goods into the hands of com- 
mission merchants in order to realize upon them at once, or to do simply 
a custom business for the farmers in their neighborhood, retaining a 
part of the wool as compensation therefor. They soon resorted to form- 
ing joint stock companies, and the stock for these, in many cases, was 
largely taken by commission merchants who looked quite as much to 
the profit from the sales as to that from the manufacture. Yery few of 
these survived for any length of time. 

The capital of the country was then small, and business was trans- 
acted with long credits. 

EARLY IMPORTS OF WOOLEN GOODS. 

Our imports of woolen goods continued heavy. The United States 
was the most important customer for British woolens. 

In 1812 the exports of woolens from Great Britain were according to 
Bischoff on Wool, Woolens, and Sheep, vol. 2, page 34 : 



To— 


Cloths of 
various 
kinds. 


Stuffs. 






Pieces. 
65, 974 
145, GOO 
11)3,378 


Pieces. 
336, 1C6 






302, 944 






253, 249 









There was at that time in this country a duty of 20 per cent, on wool- 
ens, and wool was admitted free, while at the same time wool of foreign 
growth was in Great Britain subjected to a duty of Gd. per pound. 

The manufacture of woolens had materially extended in this country, 
and the manufacturers were becoming disheartened by the difficulties 
they had to encouuter at home and the heavy competition from abroad. 

WOOL TARIFF OF 1824. 

A protective tariff was deemed necessary, and in 1824 such was 
passed with a duty of 25 to 33^ per cent, on woolens, but also a duty 
of 20 per cent, on raw wool costing over 10 cents per pound and 15 per 
cent, on that costing under 10 cents. At that time our domestic prod- 
uct was insufficient for our manufacture, and little of it fitted for the 
manufacture of the finer classes of goods. We were obliged to import 
for such uses from Portugal, Spain, Germany, &c, the tine wools of those 
countries, and the wools for coarser fabrics from Turkey and elsewhere. 

These importations, which had materially declined after the heavy 
importations of woolen goods, materially increased from 1826 to L828. 

Anticipating that iu spite of the duty upon the raw material this 
protection would make the woolen manufacture remunerative, the erec- 



LVIII WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

tion of woolen mills steadily increased, but the protection thus gained 
was checkmated by Great. Britain, expressly to retain the business of 
this country, which, as we have before shown, was her most important 
customer. Professedly for this purpose she soon after reduced the 
duty on raw wool from 6 pence to 1 penny, and later to half penny 
per pound, while in this country foreign wool was subject to a duty of 
20 per cent. 

The increased demand for wool, consequent upon the increased num- 
ber of mills, became so great that the manufacturers had to go into 
the country at clip time to secure their supply for the year. This could 
be bought only for cash. To enable them to do this many were obliged 
to mortgage their nulls and machiuery to their selling agents to obtaiu 
acceptances on which they could borrow the money. The clip of the 
country was still insufficient. The importation of wool and woolens 
continued under a tariff which was only nominally protective. Sooner 
or later nearly all of them failed and their agents were obliged to take 
possession under their mortgages — many of whom soon went through 
the same experience. 

WOOL TARIFFS OF 1828 AND 1829. 

In 1828 and 1829 the tariff was revised, but as the raw material was 
subjected to a duty as high or higher than the manufactured goods, 
this, like its predecessors, resulted only in a temporary relief; as the mar- 
gin between the duties on the raw material and other articles which en- 
tered into the cost of manufacture and of the plant, nearly, if not quite, 
neutralized the protection. 

Besides carpets we imported various goods which required coarser 
wools than those raised in this country, such as low blankets, goods 
for negro wear, heavy kerseys for overcoating, &c. To enable the 
manufacture of such in this country, these wools by the tariff of 1832 
were made free, and continued virtually so until, in 186-4, a duty was im- 
posed upon them for revenue to meet the expenses of the war. This 
duty was continued in the tariff of 1867, with an objectionable feature 
which has led, in my opinion, to nearly all the attempts, or apparent 
attempts, to defraud the revenue, namely, making the duty double on 
all wools costing over 12 cents per pound. The product of such wools 
the world over has not increased ; and the rapid increase of our carpet 
manufacture has created such a competition for this country that the 
value of many such wools under 12 cents per pound has been kept up 
to that price or near to it in the markets of production, while for no 
country in Europe would they be worth that, as Europeans could sup- 
ply themselves in consequence of that limit with wools which could be 
bought much cheaper — at a little above 12 cents. 

WOOL TARIFF OF 1832. 

The tariff of 1832, known as " the compromise tariff," was abundantly 
protective for the first five years, which were marked by general pros- 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. LIX 

perity. Then came the great financial crash of 1837, in which the wool 
and woolen interests had their full share of suffering. They rallied, 
however, in 1839, only temporarily, for they soon declined, as the re- 
duction of the duty was actually greater upon the manufactured wool 
than upon the raw, this declension being in sympathy with the extreme 
depression in the business of the country consequent upon the reduced 
protection to manufacturing interests in general. 

The United States was practically out of the foreign markets for wool, 
the prices abroad, particularly of carpet wools, falling to a very low 
point. 

WOOL TARIFFS OF 1842 AND 1857. 

Under the impulse of the tariff of August 30, 1842, manufacturing 
slowly revived for a time, but woolen manufacturing was, as a whole, 
unprofitable until after the passage of the act of 1857. A little in an- 
ticipation of its passage it had a spasmodic revival, which about the 
time the law went into effect was followed by a most disastrous crisis, 
resulting in the bankruptcy of many of our largest corporations and 
some of the leading commission houses. For a time wool prices were 
nominal and many descriptions were absolutely unsalable at any price. 

Two of our oldest manufacturers, practical men, who owned and ran 
their mills and controlled their own affairs, told me that 1857 was the 
first year in which the balance of their business results had been on the 
wrong side of the ledger, but one of them added, " The prices at which 
I bought wool in Dt-cember for the coming year made it the most profit- 
able of any." 

It is thus seen that the wool manufacture has not been a universally 
unprofitable business. In almost every branch there were men who 
were eminently prosperous, for they had been brought up regularly to 
the business, begun within their means, and increased their operations 
without running in debt. Philadelphia and its vicinity have probably 
had a larger class of such men than any other part of the country. 

Of the corporations, nearly all before this date failed disastrously. 
Their business in most cases was conducted by men who had no practi- 
cal knowledge of its details. The purchasing of materials and the 
manufacturing werecarried on by men with high salaries. When profits 
were made they were often distributed to stockholders without due re- 
gard to the great uncertainties which attend this business, perhaps 
more than most others. 

The successful men who are above referred to were strictly economi- 
cal, and all that was made beyond the expenses of a simple mode of 
life went to swell their means and tide over times of severe depression, 
which to such as survived were usually followed by a period of corre- 
sponding prosperity. 

Such men survived the disasters of 1857, and many of the mills of 
those who succumbed at that time were bought by men of similar char- 
acter, who carried them on prosperously under the tariff of that year, 
which made all classes of wool virtually free. The high prices for wool 



LX WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

paid in anticipation of the passage of this law were not immediately 
realized upon its going into operation, owing to the financial crisis be- 
fore referred to. 

The anticipated advance of wool in this country had, however, its 
effect abroad, and put up the value of fine wools in all the markets of 
the world. Sample lots was sent to this market from Australia in 1856, 
costing l^d. to 8d. per pound. The party receiving them sent a large 
ship to Melbourne for such wool to cost under 20 cents per pound. The 
market had so advanced that it could not be done. It was also soon 
found that with the limit of 20 cents, and afterwards of 18 cents, the 
best wools at the Cape of Good Hope could not be bought under said 
limits, and American buyers were obliged to take those of inferior 
quality and condition. 

■WOOL TARIFF OF 1864. 

The tariff on wool was very little changed after this until the passage 
of the Morrill tariff in 1864, when for the first time duties were put on 
manufactured wool over and above the amount of protection required 
by the manufacturer, sufficient to compensate for the duty upon the raw 
materials. 

The law of 1867 was imposed upon the wool manufacturers by the 
wool growers. 

Contrary to the expectation of the framers of the law of 18G4, it was 
found that under it large quantities of Buenos Ayreau wools, dirty and 
burry, could be bought at the Eio de la Plata under 12 cents per pound, 
and came in under the 3 cent duty, which was expected to cover only car, 
pet wools. An exaggerated statement of the influence of this Jed to a 
call from the wool growers for a revision. After the passage of the act 
of 1864 a convention was held at Syracuse at which it was agreed that 
the wool growers should have equal protection with the manufacturers. 
By simply adding to the clause " wools costing under 12 cents per pound, 
except such as are of merino blood, immediate or remote," their protec- 
tion, it was claimed, would be equal to that of manufacturers. But they 
insisted on the form in which it was passed, which resulted well for the 
country but badly for the States that insisted upon it, as it led to such 
an extension of wool growing beyond the Mississippi as to give to those 
States a severer competition than they ever had from abroad. 

PROPOSED TARIFF OF 1866. 

Confident of the passage of the tariff introduced in 1866, and which 
had been passed by the House of Representatives, the farmers of the 
country increased their flocks, especially beyond the Mississippi, and 
the growth of wool rapidly increased in the expectation of a great rise 
in prices consequent upon the high rates of duty imposed. In this they 
were disappointed, for otlkers as well as themselves anticipated im- 
proved values of wool, and both manufacturers and speculators had 
sent orders abroad. The long delay between the inception of the bill 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



lxi 



and its final passage resulted in large importations under the old tariff. 
Consequently when the tariff actually went into operation the market 
was overstocked. 

In addition to this, large quantities of army clothing, accumulated 
during the war, were thrown upon the market at exceedingly low prices 
and added to the dullness of the demand for wool from the manufact- 
urers. 

It will be seen from the following table that while the wool clip in- 
creased one hundred and seventeen million pounds since 1867 or about 
70 per cent., the imports more than tripled ; but the prices, instead of 
increasing, declined. 

Table shoioing the relation of imports to home production of wool, $-c. 



Calendar 
year. 



Domestic 
product. 



Imports 
entered for 



year suc- 
ceeding. 



Total 
supply. 



Average value 
Ohio wool. 



Classified entries of wool for 
consumption, fiscal year suc- 
ceeding — 



Clothing. 



Combing. 



Carpet. 



1870 . 
1871. 
1872. 
1873 . 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 



Pounds. 
168, 000, 000 
180, 000, 000 
162, 000, 000 
160, 000, 000 
150, 000, " 
158, 000, 000 
170, 000, 000 
181,000,000 
192, 000, 000 
200, 000, 000 
208, 250, 000 
211, 000, 000 
232, 000, 000 
240, 000, 000 
272, 000, 000 
290, 000, 000 
300, 000, 000 
308, 000, 000 
302, 000, 000 
285, 000, 000 



Pounds. 



Pounds. 



34, 695, 939 
38, 634, 067 
50, 174, 056 
94, 315, 933 
84, 212, 581| 
50, 793, 738 
51,686,294! 
40, 275, 6781 
40, 114, 394! 
39,801,161 
40, 102, 642 
99, 372, 440 
67, 416, 966 
63, 016, 769 
53, 049, 967 
87, 703. 931 
68, 146, 652 
107, 910, 549 
114, 404, 173 



214,695,939 
200, 034, 1G6 
210, 174, 055 
244, 315, 964 
242, 212, 581 
226, 793, 816 
233, 686, 540 
232, 257, 677 
240, 114, 394 
248, 052, 163 
251, 093, 642 
331,812,440 
307, 416, 966 
335, 016, 763 
343, 049, 964 
3S7, 703, 931 
370, 146, 652 
409,910,549 
399, 081, 000 



Cents. 
47! 
36! 
36J 
35! 
43 
64| 
64 
49^ 
48| 
42J 
40 
4cJ 
34J 
47 
45 
422 
42| 
37 
34 
34 



Cents. 
43 
36 
35J 
35J 
42| 
62 
56J 
47" 
48 
43i 
37 
43! 
35! 
47J 
46 
442 
442 
34* 
32J 
35 



Cents. 
39i 
35 
30J 
33J 
41 
58 
52 
411 
412 
374 
302 
312 
312 
43 
38J 
35* 
35 
30J 
28! 
32 



Pounds. 



Pounds. 



Pounds. 



2, 512, 201 
6, 530, 493 

5, 957, 461 
16, 871, 332 

6, 029, 488 
2, 398; 210 

13, 117, 679 

8, 643, 366 

9, 294, 029 
9, 916,012 
5, 229, 987 

26, 785, 172 
20, 609, 707 
13, 489, 923 
11, 546, 530 
20.703,843 
13,472,432 
23, 321, 758 
23, 195, 734 



4, 533, 307 

2, 752, 
17, 665, 
41, 155, 460 
49,540,231 
27, 087, 438 

7, 769, 15' 

3, 167, 307 

2, 509, 954 

3, 028, 869 
1,709,601 

13, 266, 856 
4, 421, 491 
2, 318, 671 
1, 373, 114 

4, 474, 
3,891,914 
4, 872, 739 
9, 703, 962 



27, 650, 371 
29, 351, 006 

26, 550, 995 
36, 289, 141 

28, 642, 863 

27, 308, 090 
30,799,458 

28, 465, 005 
28,310,411 
26, 856, 280 
33, 163, 054 
59, 320, 412 
42, 385, 769 
47, 208, 175 
40, 130. 323 
62, 525, 092 
50, 782, 306 
79, 716, 052 
81, 504, 477 



Tear ending June i 



Remaining 
in bond 
June 30. 



Exports of 
domestic 



foreigi 
wool. 



Total 

imports of 

wool. 



Imports of 

woolen 
manufac- 
tures into 

Great Brit- 
ain (at $5 
per £1). 



Imports of woolen man- 
ufactures into— 



Great United 

Britain. States. 



1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 



1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 



Pounds. 
6, 235, 098 

7, 635, 133 

8, 309, 789 
6, 412, 052 

33,761,434 
28, 828, G09 

6, 536, 317 

6, 274, 265 
11,424,948 

8, 899, 729 
10, 386, 604 

6, 722, 831 
31, 184, 022 
18, 860, 890 
14,382,748 
26, 972, 660 
15,226,416 
15, 031, 337 
28,318, 
20,711,648 



Pounds 
3, 360, 287 
756, 804 
1, 862, 945 

1, 330, 506 

2, 406, 
7,115,515 
7, 135, 757 

3, 745, 661 
1,623,194 
3, 168, 556 
6, 300, 07 

4, 165, 400 
3,840,071 

5, 578, 989 
3,948,015 
4,074,517 
2,315,094 
;;, 103,345 

6, 680, 849 
6, 986, 



Pounds. 
24, 124, 803 
39, 275, 926 
49, 230, 199 
68, 058, 028 
122, 256, 499 
85, 496, 049 
42, 939, 541 

54, 901, 760 
44, 64'2, 
42, 171, 192 
48, 449, 079 
39, 005, 155 

128, 131, 747 

55, 9G4, 230 
67, 861, 744 
70,575,478 
78, 350, 651! 
70,50(1, 170 

120, 084, 058 
114, 038, 030 



Dollars. 

'2i,~9S6,'o6o 
23,417,000 
26, 991, 000 
31, 577, 000 
30, 190, 000 

29, 354, 000 

30, 618, 000 
31,903,000 
30, 409, 000 
38,634,000 
41,218,000 
38, 494, 000 
51, 561, 000 
411, 500, 000 
42, 77;:. 000 
15, 050,000 

40, 928, 000 
49, 703, 000: 
55, 129, 000 



Dollars. 
32, 489, 342 

36, 077, 875 

37, 004, 001 
46, 713, 767 
55, 561, 850 
53, 510, SCO 
48,826,816 
46,348,545 

34, 859, 500 
20,911,873 
26, 505. 573 
25,527, L17 

35, 856, 992 
32, 970. 507 
38,726,970 
45,457,307 
11, 157,583 
;:5. 77ii, 559 

44.633,263 



Dollars. 
97, 408. 026 
108,233,625 
111, 192.003 
140, 141, 301 
166, 685, 550 
ion, 531,680 
146,480,448 
139, 045, 635 
104.578.51R 
80, 735, Ols) 
79,516,719 
76,581,351 
106,070,976 
98,911,521 
m;. 180.925 
136,371,921 
123,472,749 
107,329,677 
124, 203, 957 



LX11 WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

The depression of the wool market continued until 1871, when the 
production had i'alleu off 30,000,000 pounds since 1808. The surplus of 
woolens which had weighed upon the market had now been consumed, the 
manufacturing business which had been dull and unprofitable had now 
greatly improved, and the manufacturers looked forward to a season of 
prosperity. The machinery which had been idle or feebly running for 
three or four years was started, the wool market improved, and a short 
supply of wool carried prices up rapidly. At the same time prices in 
Europe, especially for fine wool, owing to the Franco-Prussian war, were 
exceedingly low, lower probably than ever before, and lower than they 
reached again until the latter part of 18S5 and early part of 188(5, when 
good average Port Phillip grease touched 8d. (Fine wools were similarly 
affected during the early period of our great war.) Wool dealers, manu- 
facturers, and speculators sent their orders abroad freely, the result be- 
ing a larger importation than had ever been in any one year. Notwith- 
standing this, prices were well maintained here, until the general de- 
pression in business of all kinds which followed the financial disasters 
of 1873, from which the country recovered slowly. Our heavy importa- 
tions of 1871 and 1872 helped, with return of peace, to bring about a 
rapid reaction in the value of wool in Europe, and prices did not fall be- 
low paying rates until 1879. The large amount of wool in the raw and 
manufactured state consumed in the Boston fire of 1872, estimated at 
31,000,000 pouuds, had an influence to prevent a sudden decline in 
values, notwithstanding an increase of over 70,000,000 pounds in our 
home product since 1872, and this without a material increase in our 
woolen machinery. The machinery had been added to greatly during 
the war, and the country only now appeared to have grown to its ca- 
pacity. 

Prosperity generally reigned. While the machinery for general wool- 
ens had not increased, there had been a decided increase in that for car- 
pets, and for worsted goods, particularly of the finer kinds, which required 
chiefly such wools of the first class as were suitable for this purpose and 
of which but a small quantity was then grown in the United States. Soon 
after 1879 opened, wool, particularly second-class wool, was in small de- 
mand abroad and had reached in Great Britain a value as low, compara- 
tively, as did the fine wool in 1870, aud lower than qu record for the t wen ty 
years preceding.*. Alpacas and other luster goods for women's wear had 
gone entirely out of fashion. Large quantities of these second-class 
wools were made into the coarse fabrics general^ known as "cheviot 
goods," which were exceedingly good aud cheap. As the men of this 
country must take their fashions from England, or 1 would rather say 
Loudon, these goods were largely bought for America. At the same 
time large orders went abroad for wool for similar uses here. The prices 

* The largest decrease in the clip of the country was in the States from which wo 
get the most of this description of wool. The number of sheep in Ohio, the principal 
State, fell from 7,688,845 in 1868 to 4,302,904 in 1870. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUKES OF WOOL. . LXIII 

inEngland were by this competition advanced from iOd. in August, 1879, 
to 18%d. in April, 1880. Thus an effectual check was put upou the ship- 
ment of these cheviot goods to this country, except such as the caprice of 
fashion demanded. 

As cheviot goods were all the rage, it became necessary to make 
them for the masses j to do which, as we had but little suitable wool 
grown in this country, stock for this purpose was prepared by mixing- 
some of the coarsest grades of native wools with the finer wools of the 
third class to give a feeling and character resembling that of an English 
cheviot. It was no doubt in part this use that swelled the consump- 
tion of third-class wool in 1880 to 59,320,112 pounds; but there was, as 
the census of 1880 shows, an unusually large consumption, not less 
than 45,000,000 pounds, in that year for carpets. The blanket manu- 
facture, which always used largely third-class wool, was also a large 
consumer this year. The census of 1880 reported 34,008,252 pounds for- 
eign, and 2,029,318 pounds domestic wool used in carpet manufactures ; 
also 8,985,162 pounds woolen yarn and 4,091,115 pounds worsted yarn 
purchased. Of these yarns 1,265,240 pounds woolen and 2,238,076 
pounds worsted were among the marketable products reported by car- 
pet mills, leaving 9,539,961 pounds yarn bought by carpet manufact- 
urers. This would have required about 14,000,000 pounds, of which 
probably not less than 11,000,000 pounds was foreign, making 45,000,000 
pounds for carpets, say for blankets, blanketing, &c, 4,000,000 pounds, 
leaving for 1880 only about 9,000,000 pounds unaccounted for. Of this 
a considerable portion was surplus in the hands of dealers and manu- 
facturers, as is shown by the reduced quantity that went into consump- 
tion during the three succeeding years. 

The imports of 1880, like those in 1872, were profitable in the begin- 
ning, and at its close there remained in the warehouses 31,184,022 
pounds, while it was estimated that there were in the hands of manu- 
facturers and dealers at least 25,000,000 pounds more. Nevertheless, 
domestic wool maintained a high average value until 1884, when there 
was again a considerable quantity of foreign entered for consumption, 
increased at this time by wools held back in bond until July, 1883, in 
order to get the benefit of reduction of duties by the act of that year. 
There were in warehouse 26,972,660 pounds. 

Again, in 1886 the imports were large; and as again cheviot goods 
were ruling the market, undoubtedly some of the third-class wools were 
used for this purpose. 

From 1880 to 1887 the machinery for making carpets in this country 
has increased in effective power at least two-thirds. Allowing that for 
the past year the product of this machinery has increased one-half, 
there would have been required for carpets 67,500,000 pounds; and 
allowing as before 4,000,000 pounds for blankets, there would remain 
to be accounted for only about 10,000,000 pounds with a general con- 
sumption of wool nearly 23 per cent, larger than in 1880. I may add 



LXIV WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

that considerable quantities of these wools have been used for backing 
heavy coatings as well as for mixing with our wools for cheviots. 

The imports of third class (carpet) entered for consumption during 
the fiscal year 1887 amounted to 81,504,477 pounds, the extreme amount 
of which I estimate could be used for clothing purposes would be about 
8,800,000 pounds. My impression is that much less that this was thus 
used. 

Many of the wools that were on hand when the demand suddenly 
stopped in 1880 were sold ac severe loss, as were many that had beeu 
bought by manufacturers to make cheviots, and remained on hand when 
the fashion for this class of goods ceased. One lot of heavy, low-grade, 
first-class wool, on which duties had been paid, were sold at a price 
which resulted in an entire loss of the first cost abroad. 

Without the occasional importation of wools of all classes when our 
home supply, for whatever reason, fails to meet the demands of our man- 
ufacturers, barring the excess imported by speculators, it is doubtful 
if these importations have lessened the value of our native product, as, 
if our manufacturers had been unable to obtain the wools requisite to 
make the goods demanded by fashion, such goods would have been im- 
ported from abroad, and our mills would have been obliged to stop for 
want of material to make the goods demanded by the market. It is 
certainly demonstrable that the advance in wools caused by American 
competition greatly checked the importation from England of coarse 
woolens in 1880. 

COMPETITION IN WOOL RAISING WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

In the foregoing pages I have endeavored to show, as requested by 
you, the relation which the product of wool in this country bears to the 
imported product. 

You next ask me to state " whether any wool is imported which we 
cannot produce in this country, and the reasons wh5' we cannot produce 
any particular grades of wool in competition with foreign countries." 

In reply I would say there are none of the third-class wools that can 
be grown in this country to advantage. Most of them are from races 
adapted to entirely different climate and circumstances, whose yield of 
wool is so small that it would not pay for half their keeping. We could, 
I think, grow much more of the second-class wool than we do, because 
such wool is secondary in value, as the sheep could be raised profitably 
for mutton. This first-class mutton, if abundantly grown, would soon 
be appreciated and find a well-paying market at home and abroad. 

It is more difficult to explain, so as to be readily understood, why we 
cannot produce any particular grades of first class wools. We may 
grow wool in some places equally fine and apparently as good in other 
respects ,as wools that are imported, but they may not have the same 
working qualities. They will not produce the same effect when finished. 
Such is the influence of climate and soil upou wool that no two places 
can grow wool exactly alike. The descendants of the same flock raised 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. LXV 

in Vermont and Ohio, or even in Vermont and New Hampshire, will not 

yield the same wool. 

I asked a correspondent in Australia what gave the superior luster 
to his neighbor's wool. The reply was, his was grown on a granite soil 
and mine on a limestone soil. In conversation once with one of the 
most distinguished wine merchants in Bordeaux upon this subject, he re- 
marked that a friend in Crimea once wrote to him, saying that, if his 
patriotism did not prevent, he wished he would send him some grape 
cuttings with instructions for their propagation. He replied that his 
patriotism would not interfere ; that he could send him the cuttings, hut 
he could neither send him the climate nor the soil. 

The wool from flocks bred of Vermont stock gains a character in every 
part of the couutry, modified in one way or another by the climate and 
soil of each locality. 

We raise, comparatively to the demand, a small portion of first-class 
combing and delaine wool, and very little even of this has the charac- 
teristics required to make the finest goods which fashion demands from 
France and England. 

Without the same wools that are used there these goods cannot be 
made here. 

The bulletin of the Philadelphia Textile Association estimates the 
clip of 18S6 at 282,331,026 pounds, of which it classes as combing 
11,464,306 pounds, as combing X and above, 12,103,553 pounds me- 
dium, and 33,713,345 pounds quarter blood. It also estimates the de- 
crease of the clip between 1884 and 1886 at 11,713,345 pounds, the de- 
cline from the States which yielded most of the combing wools being 
10,000,000 pounds. To the quality of the clip must be added that of 
the wool pulled from the skins to give the entire product. 

There are portions of the Western States and Territories, Montana 
in particular, where they are rapidly improving the character of their 
wools, and much will probably be had from these sections when they 
have been longer settled and provision made for better protecting and 
more uniform feeding of the sheep. A change of food or exposure 
often ruins the fiber for this purpose. Until this time comes, Austra. 
lian or other fine combing wools must be imported or this branch of 
fine wool manufacture, now perhaps the most important, must to a 
great extent be abandoned. 

We have also as yet been able to raise in this country very few wools 
fitted for the manufacture of fine broadcloths and similar finished goods. 

In the early production of worsted goods, wools of English blood, 
combed by hand, were first used, but as machinery for combing was 
invented the long-stapled wools of other races began to be combed and 
the machinery was gradually improved, until now wools of any length 
of staple can be combed. As far back as 186 J I saw in Mr. Holdeu's 
establishment, at Eheims, a very handsome "top " made from misera- 
ble Cape of Good Hope bits and pieces. The process is now so far 
perfected that yarns made by the combing process are used for many 
5402 wool 5 



LXVI WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

classes of goods that at the time of the passage of the tariff of 18G7 
were only made by carding, and thus a fearful competition is set up 
with goods manufactured by the old process. 

TARIFF DISCRIMINATIONS BETWEEN WORSTED AND WOOLENS. 

This leads us to a consideration of the paper you sent to me written 
by Mr. A. D. Juillard on tariff discriminations between worsteds and 
woolens. These discriminations were made in the tariffs of 1867 and 
those preceding it, and the language of the tariff of 18G7 was copied in 
the tariff of 1883. 

Demands for change for duties now exacted upon worsted goods 
and wool waste are reasonable and equitable and should be heeded as 
promptly as possible, but, as 1 have more fully stated in correspond- 
ence with Mr. William Whitman, president of the National Association 
of Woolen Manufacturers, it seems to me clear that Congress alone has 
the power to make such changes, because these goods were described 
in the tariff of 1883 as in 1867, and under the administration of the 
tariff of 1867 the word "cloths" was understood to mean broadcloths, as 
they have been in the trade ever since I was first familiar with it, more 
than sixty years since. The headings for the census returns for 1870 
and 1880 so indicated, and the late E. B. Bigelow, in his address upon 
the wool industry of the United States, delivered in New York, stated 
that the imports of woolen goods were as follows : 

Cloths and cassiineres $6,956,449 

Shawls 1,559,999 

Blankets 28, 196 

Carpets 2,776,291 

Dress goods 15,196,233 

Not specified 5,902,591 

Yarn waste of all kinds, fine and coarse, was imported under the 
tariff of 1867 and those which preceded it. Much more fine waste, and 
possibly some finer than belore, has been imported within the last few 
years, but that does not change the character as described. 

Therefore it seems as though Congress alone can remedy these evils, 
which are very serious for the wool grower and manufacturer, and to 
which, regardless of political bearings, they should immediately give 
their attention. 

I have overlooked your inquiry, ' ; Why there do not appear in the 
market quotations of wools the prices of foreign wools I s Such quo- 
tations are given as far as they are of any value, but the grades are 
so little known that few are interested in them. 

DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAW WOOL TRADE. 

Up to about 1825 the manufacturers bought of the farmers most of 
their wool or took it from them to work upon shares, but as the 
clip of the country increased the wool was received by the commission 
merchants in the leading cities, principally the dry goods commission 
merchants, either by purchase or on consignment. Wool was not made 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. LXVII 

a distinct branch of trade until about 1830. In that year, or shortly 
before, distinct wool houses were opened in Boston, New York, and 
Philadelphia. Livermore & Kendall in that year started the first in 
Boston, and were the leading house in that market for some years. 
The factories increased so rapidly, that soon the clip of the country did 
not meet the demand, and, as before stated, in 1828 competition 
carried prices up so high and reduced the supply so low, that the larger 
manufacturers united and sent an agent to Europe to buy wool. On 
arrival the wool was sold at auction ; each contributor had the privi- 
lege of buying what suited him, and the profit and loss account was 
i divided pro rata among the subscribers. The result was satisfactory, 
and this course was repeated a few years afterwards, in 1831 or 1832. 

With these exceptions, the importations were then generally made 
by merchants and ship owners engaged in foreign commerce, who 
bought wool in quantities larger or smaller, as they might obtain it for 
a part of their cargoes. The wool business increased very gradually. 
As late as 1841 there were in Boston but two wool houses and one 
wool broker. Others, of course, then dealt in wool, both home-grown 
and foreign — some to a considerable extent. 

At that time Philadelphia probably did the largest business in domestic 
wool. The foreign, which had then attained considerable importance, 
especially in the low carpet- wools imported chiefly from South America 
and Turkey, was about equally divided between New York and Boston. 
Our business with Bussia in wool did not begin to develop importance 
until after the passage of the law of 1857, although we did receive some 
Bussian wools through other sources. 

Since that time the importation of foreign wools has been chiefly 
through New York and Boston, with a small quantity to Philadelphia, 
which port within a few years has materially increased her imports. 
New York, owing to her extensive commerce, has been the heaviest 
port of entry, many of the imports for other markets having been made 
there on account of the greater facility of obtaining favorable freights^ 

I regret to add that recently there have been repeated attempts to 
enter wools under the third that should have paid duty as first or sec- 
ond class. I notice large quantities of wool imported as third class 
from Turkey in Europe, whence a very small percentage of wools of this 
class comes. Our advices from Liverpool have continually reported 
large quantities of noils from English wools shipped to this country, 
which, from the prices at which they have been sold, it is to be feared 
have been entered as third class. 

The conferences of the appraisers of the several ports, it is hoped, 
will correct this ; but these shipments from Liverpool still continue. 
Uniformity in the administration at the several ports should be care- 
fully watched and absolutely demanded. 

To secure this, it is of the first importance to have in each of the 
ports examiners who are thorough experts in wools of all descriptions. 

|End of Mr. Bond's article.] 



LXVIII WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

MANUFACTURES OF WOOLENS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

England, France, and Gerinauy enjoy practically a monopoly of the 
trade of the world in woolen manufactures. They are the only coun- 
tries of the world that export woolen manufactures in excess of their 
imports of raw wool. The exact magnitude of their manufactures can- 
not, however, be adequately shown, as their governments do not collect 
periodically elaborate statistics of their products of industry, as does 
the United States by means of its decennial census. 

Such information as has been obtained is fragmentary and lacking 
in desired details, rendering it impracticable to make a satisfactory 
comparison with the wool manufactures of the United States. These 
statistics will be found in table 64 of the Appendix. 

COMMENTS ON APPENDIX TABLES. 

In many respects the most valuable portion of this report will be 
found in the Appendix, consisting of seventy tables of statistics, 
twenty of which relate to the United States, and the remainder to the 
United Kingdom and to the more important states of continental 
Europe. 

Within the limits at command we cannot summarize the tables; never- 
theless, special attention is directed to the following as of peculiar value : 

Table No. 1 presents the quantities and values of raw wool imported 
into the United States from the principal and other foreign countries, 
with the total quantities and values of foreign raw wool exported and 
the net imports of the same, from 1822 to 1887, inclusive. 

Table No. 3 shows the quantities of wool produced, imported, ex- 
ported, and retained for consumption in the United States from 1839 to 
188G, inclusive. 

Table No. 4 will be found one of peculiar interest, as it presents not 
only the quantities and value j of imported wool, hair of the alpaca, 
goat, and other like animals, entered for consumption in the United 
States, including both entries for immediate consumption and with- 
drawals from warehouse for consumption, but also the rates of duty and 
amounts of accruing duty, during the years ending June 30 from 18G7 
to 1886, inclusive. 

Table No. 6 shows the values of manufactures of wool imported into 
the United States from the principal and all other foreign countries, 
the total values of foreign manufactures of wool exported, and the net 
imports for each year from 1821 to 1887, inclusive. 

Table No. 7 shows the quantities and values of the principal and 
all other manufactures of wool imported into the United States, and 
the estimated amounts of duty received on the same, for each year from 
1821 to 1866, inclusive. 

Table No. 8, in the first place, presents by itemized articles the 
rates of duty and amounts of accruing duties, followed by the quanti- 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. LXIX 

ties and values of imported manufactures of wool entered for consump- 
tion in the United States, including both entries for immediate con- 
sumption and withdrawals from warehouse for consumption, during the 
years ending June 30 from 1867 to 1886, inclusive. 

Table No. 11 shows the quantity and value of domestic wool exported 
from the United States during each year from 1846 to 1887, the value of 
domestic manufactures of wool exported from 1864 to 1887, and the num- 
ber and value of domestic sheep exported from 1821 to 1887 r inclusive. 

Table No. 12 will be consulted with peculiar interest, as it shows the 
price of wool during each year from 1824 to 1887, inclusive. 

Table No. 13 exhibits the tariff rates of duty upon wool and manu- 
factures of wool under all the acts of Congress imposing said duties 
from the first wool tariff of 1789 to 1883, inclusive. 

Table No. 14 exhibits the statistics of number of establishments, cap- 
ital invested, number of hands employed, wages paid, cost of material 
used, and value of products of the manufacture of worsted and woolen 
goods in each State and Territory of the United States for the years 
1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880, according to the United States census of 
those years respectively. 

Table No. 18 shows the weekly wages paid to employes in woolen 
factories in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and 
average wages paid daily in like factories in Massachusetts, New York, 
Ohio, and Kentucky, in 1885. 

Tables Nos. 19 and 20 exhibit the number of sheep and the crop of 
wool in each State and Territory of the United States for each of the 
years 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, and the number of sheep in each 
State and Territory from 1875 to 1887, inclusive. 

Tables Nos. 21 to 63 comprise interesting data in regard to the im- 
ports into and the exports from the various foreign countries of wool and 
woolens, embracing in many cases all the information which could be 
procured in regard to the wool and woolen industries in those countries. 

Table No. 45 is one of the many interesting tables having reference 
to the wool industries of foreign countries, and shows, by countries, the 
quantities and values of manufactures of wool imported into and ex- 
ported from the United Kingdom in 1885 ; and Table No. 49 shows the 
quantities and values of wool and manufactures of wool exported from 
the United Kingdom for each year from 1861 to 1885, inclusive. 

Table No. 65 is compiled from the United States consular reports, 
and possesses peculiar interest, for it shows the present tariff rates of 
foreign countries on importations of wool and manufactures of wool. 

Table No. 68 exhibits the number of sheep and goats in the various 
countries of the world. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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REPORT ON WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



15 



8, 363, 015 
5, 034, 545 

23, 727, 050 

9, 703, 908 
11,096,050 
10,949,331 
12, 384, 709 

8, 879, 923 
16, 740, 081 
16, 424, 479 


449, 079 
005, 155 
131, 747 
904, 236 
861,714 
575, 478 
350, 051 
596, 170 
(184, 958 
038, 030 


v. r. /-•;<- - '£ — rs — ■ 


LIOOHCOMOOrtH 


c-ioo-3'Cncncoc-icoco 


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,417 

510 
K24 
535 
01.2 
208 
510 
024 
5 IK 
408 




- ^ .: z> ..-. ~ n t~ t~oo 

nt-t-Moo-ioococ) 


_^ ?J X ^ 71 C ^ w N H 

' T c^5 coih , ~" - ' 


405, 956 

129,554 

392, 434 

963, 257 

1, 713, 358 

1, 622, 624 

2,290,314 

92, 639 

129, 958 

255, 713 


63, 877 
65, 986 

144, 072 
99, 315 
17, 905 

252 
37, 648 
122, 504 
385,389 

145, 922 


^oUcSccS^i^cooo 


755 

815 
1,314 
1,007 

190 
1 

438 
1,662 
2,375 
1,804 


1,262 
1, 109 
3,459 
13, 504 
1,784 


OCI- MOO 
cT CO -M"t-T 


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sill 


"•* IS M t- O 


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34, 250 
40,489 
94,510 
55, 673 
4,149 
100 
12, 563 
71,259 
61,723 
69, 714 


436, 451 

876! 005 
588,401 
41,815 
270 
146, <I07 
890, 819 
778, 141 
845, 125 


28, 365 
24, 388 
46, 103 
30,138 
11, 972 

146 
5,157 
17, 948 
30, 843 

29, 200 


t-»t-t-nnooo» 

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16 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 3— Statement bhowing the Quantities of Wool Produced, Imported* 
Exported, and Retained for consumption in the United States, from 
L839 to 1886, iN<- ii Bn i • 



Calen- 
dar 
year. 


Production. 


Year 

ending 

June 
80— 


Imports. 


Total pro- 
duction and 
imports. 


Exports. 


Retained 
for borne 
consump- 
tion. 


Im- 
ports. 


Domes- 
tic. 


Foreign. 


Total. 




Pounds. 




Pounds, 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Poimds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pr. ct. 


1839... 


35, 802, 114 


1840 a 


9, 898, 740 


45,700,851 




85, 528, 85, 528 


45, 020, 578 


21.7 


1849... 
1859. .. 


52,516,959 

60,204,911; 


1850. .. 


18, 695, 294 
26, 282, 935 


71,212,253 


35,898 


35,898 71,176,853 


9ft :< 


1800... 


86, 547, 848 


389, 512 


133,493 523,005 65, 749^ 035 30.4 


1862... 


106, 000, 000 


1863... 


75, 121, 728 


181,121,728 


355, 722 


708, 850 


1,064,572 180,057,156 41.1 


1863... 


123, 000, 000 


1804... 


91,250,114 


214,250,114 


]55,48'2 


223, 475 


378,957 213,871,157 42.4 


1864... 


142, 000, 000 


1805. . . 


44, 420, 375 


186,420,875 


466, 182 


079,261 


1,145,463 185, '274,912 


1865... 


155, 000, 000 


1866... 


71,287,988 


226, 287, 988 


973, 075 


B51.645 


1,824,720 224,403,268 33.1 


1866... 


160,000,000 


1807... 


38, 158, 382 


198,158,382 


307,418 


019,550 


920,908 197,231,414 9.4 


1867.. 


16$, 000, 000 


1808... 


25,402.197 


193, 462, 197 


558, 435 


2, 801, 852 


3,360,287 190,101,910 12.6 


1868... 


180, 000, 000 


1869... 


39, 275, 926 


219,275,926 


444, 387 


342,417 


786,804 218.489, 122 17. 9 


1869... 


162, 000, 000 


1870... 


49, 230, 199 


211,230,199 


152, 892 


1,710,053 


1,862,945 


209,887,234 23.3 


1870... 


160, 000, 000 


1871... 


68, 058, 028 


228, 058, 028 


25, 195 


1,305,311 


1,330,506 


•220, 727, 552 29, 9 


1871... 


150, 000, 000 


1872... 


126, 507, 40!) 


270. 507, 409 


140, 515 


2, 206, 393 


2, 400. 908 


274,100,501 44.9 


1872... 


158, 000, 000 


1873... 


85,490,04!. 


243, 490, 049 


75, 129 


7,040,886 


7,115,515 


230,380,534 35.1 


1873... 


170, 000, 600 


1874... 


42, 939, 541 


212,939,541 


319, 600 


6,810,157 


7, 135, 757 


205,803,781 20.1 


1874... 


181,000,000 


1875 .. 


54,901,760 


•2:15,991.700 


178,034 3,507,627 


3, 745, 001 


232,168,099 '23.3 


IS75... 


192, 000, 000 


1876... 


44, 642, 830 


236. 092, 830 


104,768 1,518,426 


1,623,194 


235,019,612 18.9 


1876... 


200, 000. 000 


1877... 


42, 171, 192 


242,171,192 


79,599 3,088,957 


::. lli.-i, 55li •239, 0M2. 030 17.4 


1877... 


208, 250, 000 


1878. . . 


48, 449, 079 


•256, 699, 079 


347,854 5,952,221 


6,300,075 250.399.004 18.9 


1878... 


211, 000, 000 


1879. . . 


39,005,155 


250,005,155 


60,784 4,104,01b 


4, 105, 400 


245,839.75.'. 15. H 


1879... 


232, 500, 000 


1880... 


128, 131, 747 


300, 631, 747 


191,551 3,648,521 


3,840,071 


356,791,676 35.5 


1880... 


240, 000, 000 


1881... 


55, 964, 230 


295, 904, 230 


71,455 5,507,534 


5, 578, 089 


290,385,247 18 9 


1881... 


272, 000, 000 


1882... 


67,801,744 


339,861,744 


116, 179; 3,831,836 


3,948,015 


335,913,729 




1882... 


290, 000, 000 


1883... 


70, 575, 478 


300, 575, 478 


64, 474 


4, 010, 043 


4,074,517 


356, 500, 961 


19.6- 


1883... 


300, 000, 000 


1884... 


78, 350, 651 


378, 350, 651 


10, 393 


2,304,701 


2, 315, 094 


370, 035, 557 


20.7 


1884... 


308, 000, 000 


1885... 


70, 590, 170 


378, 596, 170 


88, 006 


3, 015, 33S 


3, 103, 345 


375, 492, 82; 


18.7 


1885... 


302, 000, 000 


1886... 


129, 084, 958 


431,084,958 


146, 423 


6, 534, 42t 


0, 680, 849 


424,404, 1 Of 


211. 9 


1886... 


285, 000, 000 


1887... 


114, 038, 030 


399, 038, 030 


257, 940 


6, 728, 292 


6, 986, 232 


392,051,798 29.1 



a Year ended September 30, 1840. 

Note.— The data as to the production have been furnished by Mr. J. K. Dodge, statistician of the 
Department of Agriculture. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



17 



No. 4. — Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Imported Wools, 
Hair of the Alpaca, Goat, and other like animals entered for Consump- 
tion in the United States, including both entries for Immediate Con- 
sumption AND WITHDRAWALS FROM WAREHOUSE FOR CONSUMPTION ; ALSO 

showing the rates of duty and amounts of accruing duties, during the 
Years ending June 30, from 1887 to 1886, inclusive. 

Note. — The kinds of wool embraced in each of the classes of wool are prescribed 
by the tariff as follows : 

Class 1, clothing •wools : That is to say, merino, mestiga, metz, or metis wools, or other wools of 
merino blood, immediate or remote, Down clothing wools, and wools of like character with any of the 
preceding, including such as have been heretofore usually imported into the United States from 
Buenos Ayres, New Zealand, Australia, Cape of Good Hope, Russia, Great Britain, Canada, and else- 
where, and also including all wools not hereinafter described or designated in classes 2 and 3. 

Class 2, combing wools : That is to say, Leicester, Cotswold, Lincolnshire, Down combing wools, 
Canada long wools, or other like combing wools of English blood, and usually known by the terms 
herein used, and also hair of the alpaca, goat, and other like animals. 

Class 3. carpet wools and other similar wools: Such as Donskoi, native South American, Cordova, 
Valparaiso, native Smyrna, and including all such wools of like character as have been heretofore usu- 
ally imported into the United States from Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Syria, and elsewhere. 

1867. 



Wools, hair of the alpaca, goat, 
and other like animals. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 



Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Class No. 3. —Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 

" Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb. (Sec. 
2908, Rev. Stat.) 



Total class I 



Total unmanufactured 
wools 



Sheep-skins and Angora goat-skins, 
with the wool or hair on, washed 



or unwashed 
Do 



Bates of duty. 



lOc.p.lb. &llp.c. 
12c. p. lb. &10p. c. 



10c. p. lb. & 10 p. c 



3c. p. lb 

6c. p. lb 

4c. p. lb 



20 p. c 
30 p. c. 



Quantities. 



149, 663 74 
265, 945 67 



Amount of 
duty received. 



73, 164 01 
110,996 09 



184, 160 10 



18, 212 91 



1, 440, 745 92 

3, 891, 290 43 

38 00 



5, 332, 074 35 



419, 604 51 

1, 336, 564 32 

5 12 



64, 993 51 
5, 089 28 



5102 wool- 



18 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



Xo. 4.— Imported Wools, &c, entered for Consumption, &c, 1867 to 1886— 

Continued. 

1868. 



Wools, bairof the alpaca, goat, and 
other like animate. 


Kates of duty. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


A menu, 1 of 

duty received. 


Clasa No. 1.— Clothing wools : 

Value 32 cents or loss p. lb 

Value over 82 cents p. lb 

Scoured— 
Value (before scouring) over 32 


10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 

36c. p. lb. & 30 p. c. 


Pound*. 

4,461,512 
219, 916 

251 


Dollars. 

833, 083, 68 
85, 363 74 

141 00 


DoUart. 

537, 790 40 
37, 252 62 

132 66 








4,681,679 


918, 588 42 


575, 175 68 




10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 22 p. c. 




Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 


1, 801. 358 
2,914 


331,961 81 
353 00 


216, 651 60 
427 34 




1, 804, 272 


332, 314" 8x | 217,078 94 




3c. p. lb 

Oc.p.lb 


Class No. 3. — Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb. (Sec. 
2908, Rev. Stat.) 


9, 020, 818 

9, 000, 893 

74, 889 


966. 594 00 

1, 728, 526 60 

9, 647 00 


270, 624 54 

540, 053 58 

2, 995 56 






18, 096, 600 


2, 704, 767 60 


813, 673 68 


Total unmanufactured 






24, 582, 551 


3, 955, 670 83 


1, 605, 928 30 








Sheep-skins and Angora goat-skins, 
with the wool or hair on, washed 




777 00 
129, 982 45 




Do 


30 p. c ' 


B8.9M 7-1 







1869. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 


10c. p. lb & 11 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 


2, 435, 202. 50 
76, 999 


477, 222 04 
28, 492, 00 


296, 014 74 
12, 089'08 




2, 512, 201. 50 


505, 714 64 






10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 




Class No. 2. — Combing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 


3, 956, 048. 50 
577, 318 


893, 157 83 
199, 139 28 


498, 852 21 

89, 192 09 




4, 533, 366. 50 


1,092,297 11 


583, 044 30 






Class No. ::.— Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 


19, 003, 481 
8, 646, 890 


2, 038, 131 05 
1,614,951 00 


570, 104 43 
518, 813 40 


Go. p. lb 


Total class:; 


27, 650, 371 


3, 653, 082 05 


1, 088, 917 83 




, 




Total unmanufactured 


34, 695, 939 


5, 251, 093, 80 


1. 980, 065 95 






Sheep-skins and Angora goat-skins, 

with the wool or hair on, washed 




561, 936 43 


168,580 93 







WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



19 



No. 4. — Imported Wools, &c, entered for Consumption, &c, 1867 to 1886 — 

Continued. 

1870. 



"Wools, hair of the alpaca, goat, and 
other like animals. 


Bates of duty. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Amount of 
duty received. 


Class No. 1.— Clothing wools ; 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 


10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 


Pound*. 

5, 835, 879 

694, 614 


B%ttars. 
997, 692 08 
251,460 00 


Dollars. 
693, 334 03 
108, 499 68 




6, 530, 493 


1, 249, 152 08 






10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 




Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 


1, 973, 194 
779, 374. 50 


479, 265 55 
285, 881 76 


250, 038 61 
122, 113 12 




2, 752, 568. 50 

23, 902, 621. 50 
5, 448, 384 


765, 147 31 






3c. p. lb, 

6c. p. lb 




Class No. 3. — Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 


2. 505, 413 00 
910, 611 00 


717, 078 65 
326, 903 04 




29, 351, 005. 50 


3, 416, 024 00 










Total unmanufactured 


38, 634, 067. 00 


5, 430, 323 39 


2, 217, 967 13 






Sheep-skins and Angora goat-skins, 
with the wool or hair on, washed 




1, 577, 110 14 


473, 133 04 









1871. 



Class No. 1 — Clothing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. ib 

Scoured— 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(before being scoured). 

Washed— 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(before being washed). 


10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 

30c. p. lb. &, 33 p. c. 
20c. p. lb. &22p.c. 


5, 848, 203. 25 
82, 494 . 

3,334 
23, 430 


1, 162, 087 85 
30, 829 00 

1, 216 00 
7, 068 00 


712, 650 00 
12, 982 18 

1, 401 48 
6, 240 96 




5, 957, 461. 25 


1, 201, 200 85 


733, 274 62 




10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 


Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 


17, 431, 746. 50 
233, 853 


3, 081, 672 82 
86, 162 00 


2, 082, 158 66 
36, 678 56 




17, 665, 599. 50 


3, 167, 834 82 


2, 118, 837 22 




3c. p. lb 

6c. p. lb 


Class No. 3.— Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 


19, 658, 743 
6, 892, 252 


2, 072, 516 46 
1, 263, 122 00 


589, 762 29 
413, 535 12 




26, 550, 995 | 3, 335, 638 46 


1, 003, 297 41 






Total unmanufactured 


50, 174, 055. 75 


7,704,674 33 
3, 563 00 

2, 197, 793 90 


3, 855, 409 25 






Sheep-skins and Angora goat-skins, 
with the wool or hair on, washed 






659, 338 17 









20 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 4.— Imported Wools, &c, entered for Consumption, &c, 1367 to 1886— 

Continued. 

1872. 



"Wools, hair of the alpaca, goat, and 
other like animals. 


Kates of duty. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Amount of 
duty received. 


Class No. 1.— Clothing wools: 


10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 


Pounds. 
14, 733, 970 


Dollars. 
.'!, 843, 087 58 


Dollars. 
1, 841, 092 64 


Value over 32 cents p. lb 


12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 


1,983,186.50 


793, 011 31 


317,283 51 


Scoured— 
Value over 32 cents p. lb. 


36c. p. lb. & 30 p. c. 


679 


259 00 


322 14 


(before being scoured). 










"Washed— 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 


20c. p. lb. & 22 p. c. 


122, 949 


33, 795 00 


32, 024 70 


(before being washed). 
Value over 32 cents p. lb. 


24c. p. lb. & 20 p. c. 


30, 547 


14, 207 00 


10, 172 68 


(before being washed). 











Total class 1 


16,871,331.50 


4, 183, 959 89 


2, 200, 895 07 














10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 


35, 873, 654. 50 


6,648,434 96 


4, 318, 693 30 


Value over 32 cents p. lb 


12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 


%, 280, 738. 75 


2, 303, 289 19 


864, 017 57 












Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 


30c. p. lb. & 33 p. c. 


694 


265 00 


295 65 


(before being scoured). 










Value over 32 cents p. lb. 


36c. p. lb. & 30 p. c. 


373 


142 00 


176 88 


(before being scoured). 












41, 155, 460. 25 


8, 952, 131 15 


5, 183, 183 40 








Class No. 3.— Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 
Value 12 cents or less p. lb 








3c. p. lb 


17, 887, 464 


1, 934, 673 30 


536, 623 92 


Value over 12 cents p. lb 


Cc.p.lb 


18, 401, 384 


4, 500, 674 00 


1, 104, 083 04 


Scoured — 










Value over 12 cents p. lb. 


18c. p. lb 


293 


121 00 


52 74 


(before being scoured). 












36, 289, 141 


6, 435 468 30 


1, 640, 759 70 








Total unmanufactured 












94, 315, 932. 75 


19, 571, 559 34 


9, 024, 838 77 




10c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 






33 


17 00 


5 00 


Sheep-skins and Angora goat-skins, 










with the wool or hair on, washed 
















4, 466 00 


1, 339 80 











1873. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools : 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb . 
Do 



Value over 32 cents p. lb . 
Do 



Scoured— 

Value over 32 cents p. lb. 

(before being scoured). 

Washed— • 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(before being washed.) 
Value over 82 cents p. U>. 
(before beinji washed). 

Total class 1 

Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Do .. 



Value over I 
Do 



! cents p. lb. 



Scoured— 

Value over 32 cents p. lb. 
(before biiii^c Booured), 



10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 

less 10 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. &, 10 p. c. 

loss lo p. c. 

36c. p. lb. & 30 p. c. 
less 10 p. c. 

20c. p. lb. & 22 p. e. 

less 10 p. c. 
24c. p. lb. &. 20 p. c. 

less 10 p. c. 



10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
10c. p. lb. & lip. c. 

less 10 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 
12o.p.lb.& H» !>.<■. 

Less iu p. c 

86c p. lb. A 3D p.o. 

less 10 p. c. 



272, 718 
4, 738, 486. 50 



3,332 

258, 336 
34, 068 



6,029,488.00 



42, 



566, 377 

278, 227 



1 :;:., 306 
55S, 537 



67, 759 27 
1, 183, 443 61 



8, 686 20 
339, 739 86 



1, 901 00 

124, 767 00 
17, 900 00 



1,744,199 94 



350,901 00 
9, 597, 768 00 



07, 824 00 
2, 705, 681 00 



3J.725 32 
543, 624 80 



2,662 1.". 

107, 096 56 



71, 204 37 
10, 580 70 



195,243 41 

4, 7.-.:., -jr.) ;g 



23,019 12 
843, B8S B6 



12.723,501 00 I 5,818,235 55 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



21 



No. 4. — Imported Wools, &c, entered for Consumption, &c, 1867 to 1886- 

Continued. 

1873— Continued. 



Wools, hair of the alpaca, goat, and 
other like animals. 


Kates of duty. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Amount of 
duty received. 


Class No. 3.— Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Do . 


3c. p. lb 

3c. p lb. less 10 p. c. 
6c. p. lb 

6c. p. lb. less 10 p. c. 


Pounds. 

447, 758 
10, 475, 613 

569, 727. 50 
17, 149, 764 


Dollars. 
50, 482 78 
1, 247, 781 70 

120, 632 13 
4, 579, 568 00 


Dollars. 

13, 432 74 
282, 841 66 

34, 183 65 
926, 087 31 


Value over 12 cents p. lb 

Do 






28, 642, 862. 50 


5, 998, 464 61 


1, 256, 545 36 






Total nnmanufactured 


84, 212, 581. 50 


20, 466, 165 55 


7, 846, 158 46 










192 00 











1874. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools : 










Value 32 cents or less p. lb 


10c. p. lb. & lip. c. 
less 10 p.c. 


1, 264, 904. 50 


362, 292 55 


149, 708 42 


Value over 32 cents p. lb 


12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 
less 10 p. c. 


1, 087, 391 


431, 752 00 


156, 295 94 


Scoured — 










Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 
(before being scoured). 


30c. p. lb. & 33 p.c. 


8,116 


1, 674 00 


2, 688 50 


less 10 p. c. 
36c. p. lb & 30 p. c. 








Value over 32 cents p. lb. 


1,908 


880 00 


855 79 


(before being scoured). 


less 10 p. c. 








Washed— 










Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 
(before being washed). 


20c. p. lb. & 22 b. c. 


31, 218 


16, 062 00 


8, 799 54 


less 10 p. c. 








Value over 32 cents p. lb. 


24c. p. lb. & 20 p.c. 


4,672 


2, 646 00 


1, 485 45 


(before being washed). 


less 10 p. c. 










2, 398, 209. 50 


8L5.306 55 


319, 833 64 






Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 








Value 32 cents or less p. lb 


10c. p. lb. &11 p.c. 
less 10 p. c. 


25, 560, 382. 50 


5, 595, 347 00 


2, 854, 373 80 


Value over 32 cents p. lb 


12c. p.) b. & 10 p.c, 
less 10 p. c. 


1, 525, 055 


596, f 14 00 


218, 401 26 


Scoured— 










Value over 32 cents p. lb. 


36c. p. lb. & 30 p.c. 


2,000 


1, 189 00 


969 03 


(before being scoured) . 


less 10 p. c. 









Class No. 3. — Carpet and other sim- 
ilar wools : 
Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 



Total unmanufactured 
wools 



Wool noils and pickings . 



. 27,087,437.50 | 6,193,150 00 



3c. p. lb. less 10 ! 14, 730, 863 

p. c. 
6c. p. lb. less 10 12,577,227 

TV P.. 



10 p. c. less 10 p. c. 



27, 308, 090 • 



56, 793, 737 



1, 774, 327 01 

2, 829, 083 00 



4, 603, 410 01 



397, 733 35 
679, 170 30 



22 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 4.— Imported Wools, &c, entered for Consumption-, &c, 1867 to 1836— 

Continued. 

1875. 



W00U ' *£&' ht Sr' aml **» ° f dut ^ Q UantitieS - Value8 - duly ?ec n eiv°o f d. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools : 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 
Do 



Value over I 
Do 



cents p. lb. 



10c. p. lb. i 11 ]>. c. 
10c. p. lb. fell p.c. 

less 10 p. c. 
12c. p. lb & 10 p.c 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p.c. 
less 10 p. c. 
Washed— 
Value 3: cents or less p. lb. 20c. p. lb. & 22 p. c 
(bofore being washed). 
Do 



Value over 32 cents p. lb. 
(before being washed). 



20c. p. lb. & 22 p.c. 

less 10 p. c. 
24c. p. lb. Si. 20 p. c. 

less 10 p. c. 



Pounds. 
1, 470, 050 
9, 975, 054 

65, 376 

1, 582, 453 



646 

13, 585 

315 



Total class 1 . 



Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb . 
Do 



Value over 32 cents p. lb 
Do 



Total class 2 . 



Class No. 3.— Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Do. 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 

Do 



Total class 3 



Total unmanufactured 
wools 



10c. p. lb. & lip. c. 
10c. p. lb. & 11 p.c. 

less 10 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p.c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p.c - 

less 10 p.c. 



3c. p. lb 

3c. p. lb. less 10 p. c. 
6c. p. lb. 

6c. p.lb.lesslOp. c. 



13,117,679 



172, 262 
308, 206 



266, 963 
2, 021, 666 



7, 769. 157 



4, 606, 453 
17, 207, 295 
1, 450, 322 
7, 535, 388 



Dollars. 

378, 57U 53 
2, 564, 249 51 

27,045 07 
625, 248 00 



315 00 
, 848 00 
259 00 



3,602,535 11 



55, 531 00 
1, 183, 591 00 



111,689 00 . 
802, 450 00 : 



Dollars. 

189,607 76 
1, 151, 669 52 

10,549 63 
227, 177 30 



198 50 
,801 22 
114 66 



1, 583, 118 59 



23,334 61 
594, 919 48 



43,204 46 
290, 560 44 



2, 153, 261 00 I 952, 018 99 



569, 179 00 
2, 129, 832 70 

314, 984 00 
1, 458, 830 00 



138, 193 59 
464, 597 07 
87, 019 32 
400,910 98 



30, 799, 458 



4, 472, 825 70 | 1, 096, 720 06 



51, 686, 294 10, 228, 621 81 ' 3, 631, 858 54 



1876. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Do .. 


10c. p. lb. &11 p.c. 
10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 

less 10 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p.c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 

less 10 p. c. 

30c. p. lb. <fc33p. c. 

20c. p. lb. & 22 p.c. 
24c. p. lb. & 20 p.c. 


4,756,911.50 
3, 093, 767. 50 

779, 286. 50 
3,816 

2,332 

7,248 
4 


1, 109, 456 33 
784, 738 00 

286, 617 00 
1, 643 00 

1, 598 00 

3, 659 00 
2 00 


597,731 36 
356, 128 15 

122, 176 Id 
560 00 

1, 226 94 

2, 254 58 

1 36 


Value over 32 cents p. lb 

Do .. 


Scoured— 

Valiw 32 cents or less p. lb. 
(before being scoured). 
Washed— • 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(beforo being washed). 

Value over 32 cents p. lb. 

(before being washed). 


Total class 1 


8, 643, 365. 50 


2, 187, 713 33 


1, 080, 078 49 




10c. p. lb. & 11 p.c. 
10c. p. lb. &. 11 p. c. 

less 10 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p.c. 

36c. p. lb. &30p.c. 


Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 

Value 32 cents or loss p. lb 

Do 


449, 262 
86, 656 

2, 631, 333 

56 


131,502 00 
21, 947 00 

999, 952 00 

43 00 


59, 398 02 
8,351 79 

415,755 16 

B0 no 


Value over 32 cents p. lb 

Scoured— 
Value over 32 cents p. lb. 
(before being scoured). 


Total class 2 


3, 167, 307 


1, 153, 504 00 


483, 535 96 







WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



23 



No. 4. — Imported Wools, &c, entered for Consumption, &c, 1867 to 1886— 

Continued. 

1876 — Continued. 



"Wools, hair of the alpaca, goat, and 
other like animals. 


Rates of duty. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Amount of 
duty received. 


Class No. 3. —Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 
Value 12 cents or less p. lb 


3c. p. lb 

3c. p. lb. less 10 p. c. 

6c. p. lb 

6c. p. lb. less 10 p. c. 
4c. p. lb 


Pounds. 

14,431,527 

675, 291 

11, 903, 130 

1,806 

1, 453, 251 


Dollars. 

1, 747, 976 45 

89, 651 10 

2, 501, 185 00 

144 00 
207, 442 00 


Dollars. 
432, 945 81 
18, 232 87 
714, 187 80 


Value over 12 cents p. lb 

Do 


Value 12 cents or less p. lb. (Sec. 
2908, Kev. Stat.) 


58, 130 04 




28, 465, 005 


4, 546, 398 45 










Total unmanufactured 




40, 275, 677. 50 


7, 887, 615 78 











1877. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Do 


10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 

less 10 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 

36c. p. lb. &30p. c. 

20c. p. lb. &22p.c. 
24c. p. lb. &20p.c. 


9, 175, 219. 50 
58,442 

49, 981. 25 

130 

9,777 
479. 50 


2, 160, 119 32 
15, 220 00 

22, 173 00 

67 00 

4, 806 00 
254 00 


1, 155, 135 07 
6, 766 56 

8, 215 05 

66 90 

3, 012 72 

165 88 


Value over 32 cents p. lb 

Scoured — 
Value over 32 cents p. lb. 
(before being scoured). 
Washed — 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(before being washed). 

Value over 32 cents p. lb. 

(before being washed). 




9, 294, 029. 25 


2, 202, 639 32 


1, 173, 362 18 




lOc.p.lb. &10p. c. 
lOcp.lb. &llp.c. 


Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Do 


1, 083, 513. 50 
1, 426, 440. 50 


385, 310 00 
445, 405 00 


168, 552 62 








2, 509, 954 


830, 715 00 


360, 191 22 




3c. p. lb 

6c. p. lb 

4c. p. lb 


Class No. 3.— Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb. (Sec. 
2908, Kev. Stat.) 


18, 952, 776 
9, 077, 737 


2, 182, 817 26 

1, 753, 990 00 

42, 810 00 


568, 583 28 
544, 664 22 
11,195 92 




28, 310, 411 3, 979, C17 26 


1,124,443 42 






Total unmanufactured 


40, 114, 394. 25 


7, 012, 971 58 











24 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES. OF WOOL. 



No. 4.— Imported Wools, &c, entered for Consumption, etc., H67 to 1886- 

Continued. 

1878. 



Wools, hair of the alpaca, goat, and 
other like animals. 


Kates of duty. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Amount of 
duty rec< Lved. 


Class No. 1.— Clothing wools: 

Value32 cents or loss p. lb 

Do 


10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
10c. p. lb. &. 11 p. c. 

less 10 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 

30c. p. lb. & 33 p. c. 

20c. p. lb. &. 22 p. c. 
24c. p. lb. &. 20 p. c. 

10c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 
10c. p. lb, & 11 p. c. 


Pounds. 
9,338,198.25 

49, 345 


Dollars. 
2, 214, 233 40 
14, 097 00 


Dollars. 
1,177,885 61 

5, 830 05 


Value over 32 cents p. lb 

Scou red- 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 
(before being scoured). 
Washed — 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(before being washed). 

Value over 32 cents p. lb. 

(before being washed). 


483,842 182,810 00 
4,037 1,803 00 

40,488 17,980 00 
101 80 00 


76, 342 04 
1,823 -:» 

12.04.S SO 
40 21 


Total class 1 


9,916,012.25 2,431,013 40 


l, •_'::;, 47!) 23 


Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 


951, 487 336, 219 00 
2, 077, 382 1 633, 464 40 


147,800 34 

277.41!) 2!) 










3, 028, 869 


425,219 63 




3c. p. lb 

6c. p. lb 








Class No. 3. — Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 


19, 855, 982 
7, 000, 298 


2, 233, 597 89 
1, 361, 042 00 


693, 07!i 46 
420,017 88 




20, 85G, 280 


3, 594, 639 89 


1,015.697 :;4 








Total unmanufactured 


39, 801, 161. 25 


6,995,366 69 


2,714,396 20 







1879. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools: 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 

Scoured— 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 
(beforo being scoured). 
Washed— 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(before being washed). 

Value over 32 cents p. lb. 

(before being washed). 


10c. p. lb. & lip. c. 
12c. p.lb. & 10 p. c. 

30c. p. lb. & 33 p. c. 

20c. p. lb. & 22 p. c. 
24c. p. lb. & 20 p. c. 


5, 173, 610. 20 

50, 714 

229 

5,328 

100 


$1, 091, 135 01 
20, 031 00 

166 00 

2, 913 00 
56 00 


637,386 48 
8, 088 78 

123 48 

1, 706 40 
35 20 




5, 229, 987. 20 


1,114,301 01 






10c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 
10c. p. lb. &11 p. c. 

30c. p. lb. & 33 p. c. 




Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Do 


89, 438. 25 
1, 618, 587 

1,576 


84, 727 00 
378, 207 71 

826 00 


14, 205 29 
203, 461 56 

745 38 


Scoured — 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 
(before being scoured). 


Total class 2 


1,709,601.25 


413, 760 71 


218,412 23 




3c. p. lb 

6c. p. lb 


Class No. 3.— Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p.lb 


29,641,993 
3,521,061 


3, 350, 109 71 
638, 642 00 


889, 259 79 
211,263 66 


Total clas8 3 


33, 163, 054 


3,988,751 71 


1, 100, 523 45 






Total unmanufactured 


40, 102, 642. 45 


5,516,813 43 


1, 966, 276 08 







WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



25 



No. 



-Imported Wools, &c, entered for Consumption, &c, 1867 to 
Continued. 



1880. 



Wools, hair of the alpaca, goat, and 
other like animals. 


Rates of duty. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Amount of 
duty received. 


Class No. 1. — Clothing wools : 

Value 32 cents or'] ess p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 

Scoared — 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 
(before being scoured). 
"Washed — 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(before being washea). 

Value over 32 cents p. lb. 

(before being washed). 


10c. p. lb. & lip. c. 
12c. p. lb. &10p. c. 

30c. p. lb. & 33 p. c. 

20c. p. lb. &22p.c. 
24c. p. lb. &20p. c. 


Pounds. 
24. 907, 049. 83 
1, 166, 056. 75 

13, 661 

695, 525 
2,879 


Dollars. 
5,644,976 13 
435, 947 00 

8, 757 00 

320, 992 00 
1, 601 00 


Dollars. 
3, 111, 652 36 
183, 521 51 

6, 988 11 

209, 723 24 
1, Oil 16 




26, 785, 171 58 


6. 412, 273 13 


3, 512, 896 38 




lOc.p.lb. &10p.c. 
10c. p. lb. & lip. c. 

30e p.lb. &33p. c. 


Class No. 2.— Combing wools :b 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Do 


2,346,036.42 
10, 920, 005 ' 

815 


875, 596 00 
2, 925, 417 00 

717 00 


369, 083 97 


Scoured — 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 
(before being scoured). 


481 11 




13,266,856.42 


3, 801, 730 00 


1,783,361 46 




3c. p. 5b 

6c. p. lb 

4c. p. lb 


Class No. 3. — Carpet and other sim- 
ilar wools : 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb. (Sec. 
2908, Rev. Stat.). 


49, 301, 443. 50 

9, 907, 849. 50 

111, 119 


5, 524, 952 05 

2, 1C1, 250 00 

13, 461 00 


1, 479, 043 31 

594, 470 97 

4,444 76 




59, 320, 412 


7, 699, 663 05 


2, 077, 959 04 






Total unmanufactured 


99, 372, 440, 00 


17, 913, 666 18 


7, 374, 216 88 







1881. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 

Scoured — 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 
(before being scoured). 
Washed— 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(before being washed). 

Value over 32 cents p.lb. 

(before being washed). 


10c. p.lb. & lip. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 

30c. p. lb. &33p. c. 

20c. p.lb. & 22 p. c. 
24c. p. lb. &20p.c. 

10c. p.lb. & 10 p. c. 
10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c 


19, 944, 040. 30 
613, 832 

9,090 

11, 765 

980 


4, 792, 839 79 
244, 435 00 

8, 544 00 

5, 218 00 
417 00 


2, 488, 616 40 
101,703 35 

5, 546 52 

3, 500 96 
318 60 


Total class 1 


20, 609, 707. 30 


4, 751, 453 79 


2, 509, 6S5 S3 


Class No. 2 — Combing wools; 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Do 


213, 932 
4, 207, 558. 50 


77, 432 00 
1.19.1.90(1 39 


33, 415 04 
552, 084 89 








Total class 2 


4,421,490.50 ! 1,271,332 39 


5S5, 499 93 




3c. p. lb 

6c. p. lb 




Class No. 3.— Carpet and other sim- 
ilar wools : 

Val tie 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 


28, 917, 217. 33 
13, 468, 552 


3, 384, 423 97 
2, 653, 616 75 


867,516 52 
808, 113 12 


Total class 3 


42, 385, 709. 33 


6, 038, 040 72 


1, G75, 629 64 








Total unmanufactured 


67, 416, 987. 13 


12, 000, 826 90 


4,860,815,40 









26 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 4.— Imported Wools, &c, entered eor Consumption, Ac, 1867 to 1886— 

Continued. 

1882. 



■Wools, hair of the alpaca, goat, and 
other like animals. 


Kates of duty. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Amount of 
duty received. 


Class No. 1.— Clothing wools: 

Value 82 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 

Scoured— 
Value 33 cents or less p. lb. 
(before being scoured). 
Washed— 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(before being washed). 

Value over 32 cents p. lb. 

(before .being washed). 


10c. p. lb. &11 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 

30c. p. lb. &■ 33 p. c. 

20c. p. lb. <fe 22 p. c. 
24c. p. lb. & 20 p. c. 


Pounds. | Dollar g. 
13, 378, 362. 50 2, 990, 173. 30 
73, 136 30, 079 00 

9, 498 8, 790 00 

26, 748 12, 169 00 
2,178 1,196 00 


Dollars. 

1,666,75.-.. 31 
11, 7S4.22 

5,750 10 

8, 026 78 
761 92 






< . eea. 07« xn 




10c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 
10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 




Class No. 2. — Combing wools: 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 


58,821 21,831 00 9, '.•■11 02 
2,259,850 626,421 14 f 294,891 33 








2,318,671 648, 25 2 14 


304, 132 95 




3c. p. lb 

6c. p. lb 


Class No. 3.— Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools ; 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 


32,501,620 3,825,762 10 
14, 706, 555 i 2, 816, 937 00 


975, C48 60 
882,393 39 




47, 208, 175 | 6, 642, 699 10 | 1, 857, 441 90 






Total unmanufactured 


63, 016, 769 


10, 333, 358 54 3, 854, 653 18 







1883. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools: 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 32 cents p. lb 

Scoured — 
Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(before being scoured). 

Value over 32 cents p. lb. 

(before being scoured). 

Washed— 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb. 

(before bein? washed). 

Value over 32 cents p. lb. 

(before being washed). 


10c. p. lb. & 11 p. c. 
12c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 

30c. p. lb. & 33 p. c. 

3^c. p. lb. & 30 p. c. 

20c. p. lb. & 22 p. c. 
24c. p. lb. & 20 p. c. 

10c. p. lb. & 10 p. c. 
10c. p. lb. <fe 11 p. c. 


11, 466. 637. 50 
57, 478 

10, 916. 80 

4,792 

6,563 
143 


2, 526, 477 00 
25, 960 40 

9, 515 00 

2, 332 00 

3, 029 00 
130 00 


1,424,570 19 
9, 493 40 

6,414 99 

2,424 72 

1, 978 98 
60 32 


Total class 1 


11, 546, 530. 30 


2, 567, 443 40 l 1, 444, 948 60 


Class No. 2.— Combing wools : 

Value 32 cents or less p. lb 

Do 


66,362.90 29,596 00 | 10,923 12 
1,306,751 314,391 10 | 165,258 12 






1,373,113.90 | 343,987 10 


176, 181 24 




3c. p. lb 


Class No. 3.— Carpet and other simi- 
lar wools : 

Value 12 cents or less p. lb 

Value over 12 cents p. lb 


28, 477, 593 
11,692,509.83 

220 


3, 436, 786 73 
2, 143, 750 00 

21 00 


854, 327 79 


Scoured — 
Value 12 cents or less p. lb. 
(before being scoured). 


Bap. lb 


19 80 


Total class3 


40, 130, 322. 83 


5, 580, 557 73 


1,553,498 18 






Total unmanufactured 


53, 049, 966. 50 


8, 491, 988 23 


3, 174, 628 02 







WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



27 



No. 4.— Imported Wools, &c, entered for Consumption, &c, 1867 to 

Continued. 

1884. 



"Wools, hair of the alapaca, goat, and other 
like animals. 



Rates of 
duty. 



Quantities. 



Amount of 

duty 

received. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools: 

Value 30 cents or less per pound 

Value over 30 cents per pound 

Washed— 
Value (before washing) 30 cents or 

less per pound. 
Value (before washing) over 30 cents 
per pound. 
Scoured — 
Value (before scouring) 30 cents or 

less per pound. 
Value (before scouring) over 30 cents 
per pound. 



10c. p. 
12c. p. 

20c. p. 

24c. p. 

30c. p. 
36c. p. 



Total class 1 . 



Class No. 2. — Combing wools : 

Value 30 cents or less per pound 

Value over 30 cents per pound 

Scoured— 
Value (before scouring) 30 cents or 

less per pound. 
Value (before scouring) over 30 cents 
per pound. 



10c. p. 
12c. p. 



30c. p. 
36c. p. 



Total class 2. 



Class No. 3.— Carpet wools and other simi- 
lar wools: 

Value 12 cents or less per pound 

Value over 12 cents per pound 

Scoured— 
Value (before scouring) 12 cents or 

less per pound. 
Value (before scouring) over 12 cents 
per pound. 



2Jc. p. lb... 
5c. p. lb ... 



7J c p. lb... 
15c. p. lb... 



Total class 3 

Total unmanufactured wools 



Pounds. 
19, 907, 978. 75 
569, 339. 72 



43, 062 

31, 895 
12, 149 



Dollars. 

4, 419, 611 40 

178, 109 00 

61. 078 00 

16, 467 00 

17, 479 00 

7,86] 



Dollars. 
1, 990, 797 88 
68, 320 79 

27, 883 80 

10, 334 88 

9, 568 50 
4, 373 64 



20, 703, 843. 47 



4, 700, 605 40 



2, 111, 279 49 



4, 270, 310. 20 
204, 085. 50 



976, 732 15 
82,026 ~ 



427, 031 02 
24, 490 26 



1, 058, 758 15 



46, 654, 102. 20 
15, 870, 660 



5, 153, 586 50 
2,680,214 00 



1, 166, 352 55 
793, 533 00 



7, 833, 935 50 



87, 703, 931. 37 



13, 593, 299 05 



4, 522, 825 82 



1885. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools : 










Value 30 cents or less per pound 


10c. p. lb ... 


13, 379, 118 


2, 950, 500 10 


1, 337, 911 80 




12c. p. lb... 


36, 173 


15, 449 00 


4, 340 76 


Washed— 








Value (before washing) 30 cents or 


20c. p. lb... 


20, 852 


10, 916 00 


4, 170 40 


less per pound. 










Value (before washing) over 30 cents 


24c. p. lb... 


5,405 


2, 417 00 


1, 297 20 


per pound. 










Scoured— 










Value (before scouring) 30 cents or 


30c. p. lb ... 


28, 938 


14, 596 00 


8, 681 40 


less per pound. 










Value (before scouring) over 30 cents 


36c. p. lb... 


1,946 


655 00 


700 56 


per pound. 












13, 472, 432 


2, 994, 533 10 


1, 357, 102 12 








Class No. 2.— Combing wools ,- 








Value 30 cents or less per pound 


10c. p. lb ... 


3, 607, 512 


796, 482 00 


360, 751 20 


Value over 30 cents per pound 


12c. p. lb. ... 


284, 281 


124, 567 00 


34, 113 72 


Scoured — 










Value (before scouring) 30 cents or 
less per pound. 


















Value (before scouring) over 30 cents 


36c. p. lb ... 


121 


203 00 


43 56 


per pound. 













3,891,914 


921, 252 00 


394, 908 48 







28 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 4.— Imported Wools, &c., entered for Consumption*, &c, 1867 to 1886— 

Continued. 

1885— Continued. 



"Wools, hair of the alapaca, goat, and other 
Like auimals. 


Kates of 
duty. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Amount of 

duty 
received. 


Class No. 3.— Carpet wools and other similar 
wools : 

Value 12 cents or less per ponnd 

Value over 12 cents per pound 

Scoured — 
Value (before scouring) 12 cents or 

less per pound. 
Value (before scouring) over 12 cents 
per pound. 


2Jc. p. lb... 
5c. p. lb 

7-c. p. lb... 

15c. p. lb ... 


Pounds. 
45, 073, 356 
5, 708, 792 

158 


Dollar*. 
4, 572, 971 77 
985, 478 00 

29 00 


Dollars. 
1. 126, 833 90 
285, 439 60 

11 86 












50, 782, 306 


5, 558, 478 77 


1.412,285 36 








Total unmanufactured wools 


68, 146, 652 


9, 474, 263 87J 3, 164, 295 96 



1886. 



Class No. 1.— Clothing wools: 

Value 30 cents or less per pound. 
Value over 30 cents per pound . . 



Value (before washing) 30 cents or 

less per pound. 
Value (before washing) 30 cents per 

pound. 
Scoured— 
Value (before scouring) 30 cents or 

less per pound. 
Value (before scouring) over 30 cents 

per pound. 



Total class 1 . 



Class No. 2.— Combing wools: 

Value 30 cents or less per pound 

Value over 30 cents per pound 

Scoured— 
Value (before scouring) 30 cents or 

less per pound. 
Value (before scouring) over 30 cents 
per pound. 



Total class 2. 



Class No 3.— Carpet wools and other similar 
wools : 

Value 12 cents or less per pound 

Value over 12 cents per pound 

Scoured — 

Value (before scouring) 12 cents or 

less per pound. 
Value (before scouring) over 12 cents 
per pound. 



Total class3 

Total unmanufactured wools. 



10c. p. lb . 
12c. p. lb 

20c. p. lb . 

24c. p. lb . 

30c. p. lb . 
36c. p. lb . 



10c. p. lb 
12c. p. lb . 



30c. p. lb 
36c. p. lb 



340. p. lb 

5c. p. lb . . 



7J c. p. lb 
15c. p. lb 



22, 317, 623 
84, 677. 50 



804, 520 
13,669 



4, 695, 358 
176, 888 



4, 872, 739 



71,550,877.70 
8, 121, 089 



43. 865 
220 



107, 910, 549. ; 



4, 021, 398 60 
41,701 00 

244, 080 00 

4, 376 00 

29, 820 00 
2, 813 00 



1, 036, 001 40 
69, 914 00 



1,106,116 40 



6. 944, 333 73 
1, 393, 414 24 



6, 087 00 
73 00 



8, 343, 907 97 
13, 7947212 97 



2, 231, 762 30 
10, 161 30 

160, 904 00 

3, 280 56 

27, 581 13 
3, 359 52 



2, 437, 048 81 



469, 535 80 
21, 226 56 



490, 910 26 



1,788.771 95 
406,054 45 



2, 198, 149 28 



5, 126, 108 35 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



29 



No. 5.— Statement showing, by Countries of Production and of Immediate 
Shipment to the United States, the quantities and kinds of Raw Wool 
imported into the ports of new york, boston, and philadelphia during 

EACH YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, FROM 18d2 TO 1887, INCLUSIVE. 

Note.— The imports of raw wool into the ports of New York, Boston, and Philadelphia comprise 
abont 95 per cent, of the total imports of wool into the United States. 

1882. 



Conntries of production. 


Countries of immediate 
shipment. 


Class 1, 
clothing 
wools. 


Class 2, 
combing 
wools. 


Class 3, 
carpet 
wools. 


Total. 


Argentine Eepuhlio 


Argentine Republic 


Pounds. 
936, 106 
10, 158 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 

8, 888, 128 


Pounds. 
1 9,834,392 




Anatr'n, 






351, 728 

282, 815 

2, 529, 836 

20, 406 

9,436 

141, 249 

142, 600 
11,617 
15, 224 

431,151 
18, 812 
19, 786 
156, 270 
1, 370, 960 
228 

6,216 

30, 051 

1, 769, 129 

1, 671, 642 

478, 391 

46,334 


| 634, 543 












Chili 


4,383 




) 








} 2,566,264 






2,203 




) 


China, 






£ 283, 849 














166, 552 




j 193, 393 








Brazil 




62, 354 




I 512, 317 
















19, 786 










156, 270 






100, 739 




1, 471, 705 




French Possessions in 
Africa. 




228 


Africa. 


8,770 

2,841 

483, 152 

18, 768 




£ 52, 597 






4,719 

1, 939, 357 

.38, 130 

48, 044 

295, 239 

406 






4, 191, 638 






I 2,254,975 












341, 573 




Nova Scotia 

British "West Indies 


513* 


406 


British West Indies 


2,697 

256 

3, 645, 174 

18, 040 

6,767 


| 3, 466 












> 










)■ 3,669,981 










S 


Africa. 


British Possessions in 
Africa. 


1, 964, 660 

48, 757 

1, 849, 349 

1,322 

1, 515, 132 

3, 096, 857 




) 






!> 3,864,088 










[ 




British West Indies 

British Possessions in 
Australasia. 






J 


British Possessions in 

Australasia. 






) 






£ 4,611,989 


British Possessions, all 
other. 






85, 097 

4,674 
27, 015 
67, 017 

4,195 


85, 097 








| 31, 689 


















j 71,212 














29 




29 








35, 504 

2,188 

183, 896 


£ 37, 692 


















| 189, 219 








5,323 








607, 697 

3,331 

1, 406, 332 

50. 661 
157, 371 
970, 577 
141,429 
103, 724 
65, 127 
2,531 
9, 195, 412 
611,373 


607, 697 










3,331 










1 


White Seas. 








}> 2,584,941 










[ 










J 




Russia on the Black Sea . 






] 








| 










>• 10, 119, 596 


















1 










J 


Turkey in Europe 








46, 858 1 ) 






140, 475 I > 708, 971 






7,639 
9,456 


513, 999 > 






4, 003, 519 ? 6 . 2 946 
2, 039, 271 , 5 6 ' 5 ' 






Turkey in Africa 


England ' 




358, 324 1 358, 324 



30 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 5.— Kinds of Raw Wool, by Countries of Production and of Immediate 
shipment, imported into New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, &c, 1882- 
1887— Continued. 

1882— Continued. 



Countries of production. 


Countries of immediate 
shipment. 


Class 1, 
clothing 
wools. 


Class 2, 

combing 

wools. 


Class 3, 
carpet 
wools. 


Total. 


United States of Colom- 
bia. 


United States of Colom- 
bia. 


Pounds. 


Pounds 


Pounds. 
5,700 

1, 249, 583 


Pounds. 
5,700 

I 6,914,212 
8.068 


5. 158. 685 






England , 505,944 






8,068 








2,127,343 ) .-. 








184, 081 
828 












325 














15, 937, 274 


2,348,313 


46, 407, 646 


64, 753, 233 









1883. 



Argentine Republic 


A rgentine Republic 


457, 789 
83, 783 




8, 234, 101 


^ 8,775,653 
| 46, 177 










15, 953 
30, 224 

1, 694 
980, 296 
891, 788 

2, 015 
129,278 

309, 406 
50 

16, 164 
284, 132 

1, 908, 633 

1,190 

12, 689 

75 

30,843 

1, 776. 413 

1, 197, 984 

1,065,461 






















288, 863 
117,552 




1, 269, 159 


Chili 


Chili 










S 1,140,634 










China 








| 699, 364 
| 16, 264 














50 


















284,132 






14,001 




| 1,923,824 




















8,798 


1,798 


} 41,514 

4, 633, 817 

| 2,351.190 










897, 589 
68,388 


1,959,815 
314 

19, 043 

20, 327 
125, 828 
















| 306, 899 








160, 544 






52 
822 






British West Indies 


1,280 




] 194, 900 
82 




192, 798 






82 








18,544 


318,926 

4,105,408 

66, 493 

13, 943 










S 4,509,371 














746, 260 

49, 320 

1,246,(111 

1, 087, 079 

4, 008, 908 




^ 








i 2,056,134 












British Australasia 






i 








> 5,095,987 








44, 432 
27,164 
28, 692 
5, 262 
12.7C.7 
22,600 


| 71, 596 










Italy 


Italy 
















£ 46, 721 


















22,600 

| 839, 484 

5,483 

| 2,403,059 






693 










838, 791 

5,483 

268, 827 

2, 130, 432 

10, 349, 597 

23, 953 

857, 564 

20, 904 

SO 

268, 101 

6,645 

1, 045, 560 

800, Uii.'i 

57.',. 042 

3. 097, 688 

6, 485, 860 

29, 209 

239, 987 


















White Seas. 








Russia on the Black Sea 










England 
















J- 11, 815, 588 

] 


















Cuba 


Cuba 






Turkey in Europe 








f 1, 926, 148 












England 




5,807 




iMh 




Turkey in Asia 


















1 






12, 424 


90,348 


f 10, 290, 571 






Turkey in Africa 


England 






239,987 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



31 



No. 5. — Kinds op Raw Wool, By Countries of Production and of Immediate 
Shipment, Imported into New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, &c., 1882- 
1887 — Continued. 

1883— Continued. 



Countries of production. 


Countries of immediate 
shipment. 


Class 1, 
clothing 
wools. 


Class 2, 
combing 
wools. 


Class 3, 
carpet 
wools. 


Total. 




Uruguay 


Pounds. 
4, 748, 446 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
1, 172, 267 

M60 


Pounds. 
\ 5,932,608 












South America, other 


South America, other .... 


251 








12, 339 


\ 14, 619 




Central American States . 


2,029 








217, 218 
400, 415 


} 617, 633 


















Total 


13, 839, 770 


2, 243, 104 


51, 510, 799 


67, 593, 673 











1884. 








Argentine Republic 


Argentine Republic i 

England | 


37, 693 
30, 360 





5, 279, 290 
18, 545 

152, 815 
96, 871 

377, 688 


] 5,365,888 






}> 630, 574 






::::::::::: 
















3,200 
42, 995 




J 

I 121, 507 

I 1,389,559 








48, 235 
29, 063 
185, 058 






1,214 


-T> -1 % 




341, 858 

782 

77, 949 

3,605 


- 








Chili 




868, 879 
439, 126 
691, 415 
504, 684 
252, 679 
35, 746 
310, 054 
19, 595 
12, 043 
1, 380, 900 








China 




4,556 


















I 288, 425 
















:::::::::::: 












\ 341, 692 










5 






57, 958 

350 

7,594 


60 


I 1,439,168 










2,011 


82, 642 

34, 131 

23, 476 

1, 285, 500 






\ 149, 854 
















728, 679 


3, 474, 003 
18, 654 


| 5,506,836 












3, 988, 329 
2, 406, 015 


I 6,427,314 






2,209 
41, 534 


30, 761 

507,011 

4,953 

709 






| 553, 498 












393 

722 




1,102 




British "West Indies 


200 

200 

6, 107, 612 


| 1, 122 












16, 154 
2,380 


£ 6,126,146 










British Australasia 


3. 905, 490 

8, 784, 136 

725, 001 

830, 768 

34, 100 




j 




240, 702 


201,365 














21,290 


42, 088 


1, 653, 247 












35, 009 

22, 859 

111,015 

32, 374 

400 

4,094 

904, 363 

1, 323 

1,399 

117,106 

1, 575, 680 

3, 003 

31,781 

441,954 

1,326,581 

7.".. (170 

10, 028, 408 

21,273 

1, 179. 127 

1,733 

12, 275 

21,164 


| 57, 868 
112, 128 










Italy 


Italy 


1,113 










\ 32,774 










Pern 


Peru 


1,231 




5,325 



























1,309 











) 




















^ 2, 1G9.524 




















j 










1 










1 










1 










f- 12, 644,467 
























Italy 






J 


Spain 


England 






21,164 



32 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 5.— Kinds of Raw Wool, by Countries of Production and of Immediate 
Shipment, Imported into New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, &c, 188*2- 
1887— Continued. 

1884 — Continued. 



c a „*:„„ Countries of immediate 
Countries of production. shipment. 


Class 1, Class 2, 
clothing combing 
wools. wools. 


Class 3, 
carpet 
wools. 


Total. 


Turkey in Europe 




Pounds. Pounds. 


rounds. 

24, 044 

37. 701 

403, 028 

196,214 

1,112,447 

4, 453, 501 

729, 294 

39, 129 

911,507 

1,100,732 


Pounds. 
1 










2, 337 1 18, 782 








J 


T V ' Asia 










y 




2,669 


42, 744 


















J 


Turkey in Africa 






5,157 


916,664 




1,438,569 
74, 511 


| 2,673,812 














8,917 

2, 062, 661 

540, 955 


8,917 








| 2,603,616 






: 












17,177,706 1 4.391.141 


52, 502, 425 


74, 071, 272 













1885. 



Argentine Republic 


Argentine Republic 


371, 696 
45, 865 




9, 851, 121 


1 








208, 440 


> 10, 499, 330 






22, 208 




J 








96, 740 
44, 585 
29, 931 
532, 165 
150, 153 


I 141,325 
159, 424 














129, 493 
263, 437 
















V 953, 857 






8,100 




Chili 


Chili 




1, 702, 697 


■ 






36, 096 




/ 1,738,793 

J 1,256,132 

58, 387 

^ 1,121,366 








855, 608 

380. 216 

58, 387 

1,032,677 

8, 257 

21, 709 

47, 487 

130. 5-1 1 

121,781 

4, 577 

1, 448. 496 

4,009,624 

1,324. 659 

27, 909 






993 


19, 315 










11, 236 






























9,027 
28,584 


4 

61, 456 








V 355, 970 










\- 333 
1,272 


2,281,572 
5,440 


4, 002, 737 

| 5,340,995 

172, 796 

169 










Ireland 

Xova Scotia 


England 




144, 827 
169 
709 


British West Indies 


British West Indies 




289 
21,456 

4. 604, 763 


998 


British East Indies 






| 4,632,823 








6,605 


Hong-KoDg 


Hong-Kong 

Brit ish Australasia 


7,697 

2, 032, 329 

3, 592, 482 

3, 0.S7 
78G, 852 
187,742 
30, 729 


7,697 


British Australasia 








33, 312 




S 5,666,210 








British Africa 








J 987, 227 
144, 117 




England 


9,338 


3,295 
113,388 

488 

26, 201 

31, 672 

494, 595 

207,643 

2,890,114 

548,771 

160, 7.14 

149, 787 

1,195, :s77 

10,587,811 

324,009 

77, 878 

112, 397 

54,785 

'j.', 876 

l 345,310" 

02, 424 
1 8,638 


British Possessions, all 




other. 
Italy 


Italy .... 






Dutch West Indies 


Dutch West Iudies 








Peru 










Portugal 










Kussiaon the Baltic Sea. 








J- 3,963,018 




Eugland. 
















Germany 














Russia on the Black Sea. 




















Belgium ..:::;:::;;;;;:;: 

Denmark 







^ 12, 797, 472 




France 






) 


Spain 








[ 84, 661 

40 




France 






Porto Rice 






40 
84,456 


Turkey in Europe 




170 






Italy 






France 









WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



33 



No. 5. — Kinds of Eaw Wool, by Countries of Production and of Immediate 
Shipment, imported into New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, &c, 1882- 
1887— Continued. 

1885— Continued. 



Countries of production. 


Countries of immediate 
shipment. 


Class 1, 
clothing 
wools. 


Class 2, 

combing 

wools. 


Class 3, 
carpet 
wools. 


Total. 






Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 

500, 009 
5, 942, 722 

733, 760 

149, 147 
3,453 

499, 594 
1, 250, 693 


Pounds. 








166, 264 


! 








!> 7,495,355 


















J 


Turkey in Africa 






1,567 


501, 161 




2, 305, 462 
39, 898 
160, 909 


[ 3,756,962 






















14, 3P6 
841, 858 


14, 386 










841, 858 














10, 348, 033 


2, 820, 074 


54, 611, 122 


67, 779, 229 









1886. 



Argentine Republic 


Argentine Republic 


1,641,918 
327, 699 
11,370 
326, 757 
979, 068 




10, 329, 595 

16,571 

171, 477 


1 


2,056 






} 13, 906, 165 

J 






31,748 






67, 906 
394, 895 
5, 432 
129, 288 
133, 592 
467, 474 
















i 541, 378 






11, 763 

364, 769 

1, 056, 306 

453 

170, 917 










441 


498, 802 






] 1,524,233 








Chili 


Chili 




1, 785, 198 
102, 650 
350, 138 

1,872,889 

1, 657, 492 

26, 951 

1,586 

504, 184 

17, 312 

2, 924, 560 

4,273 
314, 594 
85, 385 
87, 671 










V 2,208,903 














350 




| 3,530,764 






33 








\ 28, 537 


















i 
















20, 583 


296 








| 






862 




f- 3,438,224 












Italy 






J 




France 


507 
12, 850 




507 


Africa. 




209, 287 

507, 162 

3, 724, 637 


| 729, 299 




England 








407, 409 


4,318,150 

28, 334 

8, 922 

141, 895 

145, 967 

1, 457, 517 


-j 






{ 8,631,465 








144, 013 

5, 284, 807 

1, 696, 023 

24, 708 

2,640 








| 7,271,385 






' 2, 693 
4 






| 1,484,869 










81 
1,230 


353 
248 




British West Indies 

British East Indies 


British West Indies 


1,957 

69, 265 

11,493,184 

47, 125 


3, 435 








45,811 


V 11, 655, 385 












British Possessions in 
Africa. 


1, 164, 768 


472 


\ 


Africa. 


91, 732 


1 








1,306 
43, 364 








1, 377, 421 

4, 125 

5, 384, 624 

946 
10,811,464 


67, 225 










British Possessions in 


British Possessions in 
Australasia. 


44, 184 






Australasia. 




j- 16, 577, 974 






287, 563 


49, 193 
1,158 




Italy 




) 






1,577 




£ 19, 876 








17, 141 

306 

12,052 


Mexico 




158 

1, 296 

300 

210 






Dutch West Indies 


Dutch West Indies 




13,348 
j 510 


Peru 






United States of Colombia. 








5402 wool- 



34 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



\« 5 —Kinds of Raw Wool, by Countries of Production and of Immediate 
Shipment, imported into New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, Ac. 1888- 
1887— Continued. 

1886— Continued. 



Countries of production. 


Countries of immediate 
shipment. 


Class 1, 

clothing 

wools. 


Class 2, 

combing 

wools. 


Class 3, 
carpet 
wools. 


Total. 






Pounds. 


Pounds. 
9,585 


Pounds. 
504, 519 


Pounds. 
604,104 


Azore, Madeira, &.C., Isl- 
ands. 


Azore, Madeira, &c, Isl- 
ands. 


521 






14,524 
29, 053 
192, 905 

100,299 

140, 100 

565, 324 

197, 089 

5,441,801 

1, 578, 675 

45, 762 

1,163,057 

10, 533, 021 

71,059 

60,005 

13,314 

0,332 

40, 537 

538, 302 

791, 830 

45, 852 

1,553,423 

0, 895, 995 

28, 736 


] 43, 577 








Russia on the Baltic and 
White Seas. 


Russia on the Baltic and 
White Seas. 






1 • 
1 














i 0,043,738 




























J 


Russia on the Black Sea. 


Russia on the Black Sea. 






[• 13, 329, 470 


















8,955 




j 

' 132, 264 
















Turkey in Europe 


























> 749, 136 






22, 339 


122, 252 


J 






M0, 244, 228 
588, 236 
























928, 392 








Turkey in Africa 








588, 236 




12, 222, 290 
58, 288 
454, 689 
168 
149, 879 
141,968 




492, 958 




Argent ine Republic 












\ 13, 378, 272 


































419,086 ) 

263,939 } 1,910,395 
















7,260 










Total 


37, 143, 575 


7, 026. 155 













1887. 



Argentine Republic 


Argentine Republic 


58, 682 
232, 007 




6, 214, 685 

30, 744 

23, 470 

81, 745 

430, 028 

8,753 

6, 598 

295. 909 

2,008,617 

11 2, 07.-. 

2, 047, 067 

393. 363 

58, 038 

500, 585 

550,018 

48, 903 

5,380 

008, 012 

1,211,461 

4:«>, 419 
170,000 


I 6,559,588 
j 502, 374 
^ 87, 709 
530,097 
| 2,666,464 
\ ' 




Brazil 
























72, 358 










Brazil 




235, 028 
520, 059 
25, 113 


:::::::::::: 


Chili 


Chili 








China 










5, 012 


1,011 






1 










)■ 3,611,892 




















J 


Denmark 








5,380 
608,012 


Greenland, Iceland, and 








the Faroe Islands. 
France 




6,131 
6,729 


13, 281 






1 








\ 1,931,334 








10, 818 








09, &35 
92, 07!) 
882, 957 

139, 976 
7, 286 
9> 026 

2, 832, 875 
2, 477, 409 




Germany 




15, 218 


2,107 


492. 361 

i 






England 




00, 310 


B,816,42J 






) 










Ml, 393, 791 










j 


Scotland 






8,013 
5, 428 


£ 5,324,385 




England 





WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



35 



No. 5. — Kinds op Eaw Wool, by Countries of Production and of Immediate 
Shipment, imported into New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, &c, 1882- 
1887 — Continued. 

1887— Continued. ' 



Countries of production. 


Countries of immediate 
shipment 


Class 1, 
clothing 
wools. 


Class 2, 

combing 

wools. 


Class 3, 
carpet 
wools. 


Total. 






Pounds. 


Pounds. 

1, 551, 062 
491 
439 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
1, 551, 062 
491 
j 19,625 










British West Indies 

British East Indies 

British Australasia 


British West Indies 


1,574 


191 

17, 421 
75, 268 
12, 738, 506 
157, 320 
52, 921 












58, 450 








ll3,082,465 








J 


British Australasia 


3, 382, 684 

5, 920, 076 

4,182 

1, 552, 281 

335, 807 








21, 525 


I 9,328,467 








75 

9,482 






British Possessions, all 
other. 




248, 417 
27, 958 






I 2,188,966 






14, 946 
170 


J 








170 

10, 070 

j 13, 938 

5,776 

57, 876 

| 65, 702 

] 17, 634 

1,635 

| 687,531 

] 49, 261 






10, 070 
2,873 
11, 065 










Hawaiian Islands 










5,776 








57, 876 
62 
45, 184 
13, 372 
4,262 








20, 456 


Dutch West Indies 


















United States of Colombia. 




1,635 
2,292 






684, 313 
926 
6,104 
43, 157 
139,432 
3, 183, 180 
253, 444 
592, 556 
410, 205 
39, 460 
46, 757 
14, 52 L, 307 
15, 626 
463, 465 
306, 391 
44,258 
10, 741 
44, 439 
28, 378 
360, 657 
602, 966 
288, 636 
17, 128 
10,843 














Russia on the Baltic 

Russia on the Black Sea. . 


































































2,932 
















1 








5-15,364,720 
















J 








44,439 










Turkey in Europe 






162, 394 


1 




17, 750 




1 






441 
128 
441 


!> 2,253,111 












Italy 




93, 037 

1, 448, 312 

33,471 

12, 881, 486 

176, 634 

4, 179, 848 


J 






4,367 

3,908 

754, 570 




Turkey in Africa 






)■ 19, 518, 851 




14, 875 






4,224 


87 
6, 427 




1 






10,642 

4.7,346 

200 

4,596 

312, 743 


J 








itaTy. :::::::::::::::;:: 






> 502, 142 












2, 585, 292 
1,618 
1,562 




















> 2,937,056 






35, 841 
13, 817 
2, 197, 414 
321, 750 
42, 561 
3,186 


J 








13, 817 






305 


17, 782 






£ 2,579,812 
















3,186 


Total 










15, 064, 659 


10, 168, 344 


83, 472, 499 


108, 705, 502 







36 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



37 



iN^^O^t-Or— HOCCOOC 



)WNM«c 



IS3S33 



CO 00 CD 00 CO CO lO L 

-rococo tSoo c7 rfc-" t-^ o o": 
^ co cc -m o ao.-oco co t- • 

t- -«* t a ra coniMNMO : 



27, 754, 372 
35, 582, 712 

35, 289, 345 

29, 534, 655 
37, 295, 594 
43,141,988 

30, 430, 140 
15,639,913 
21, 524, 802 

33, 349, 702 
21, 929, 48 17 
58, 7 W, 754 
46, 502, 952 
32, 489, 342 

36, 077, 875 

37, 064, 001 
46,713,767 
55, 561, 850 
53,510,560 
48,826,816 
46, 348, 545 

34, 859, 503 
20, 911, 873 
26, 505, 573 
25, 527, 117 
35,356,992 
32, 970, 307 

38, 726, 925 
45, 4i".7, 307 
41, 157, 583 

35, 776, 559 
41,421,3)9 
44, 904, 816 


2, 427 

10, 030 

2,374 

2,894 

2,599 

3,280 

2,982 

19, 924 

585 

53 

813, 353 

331, 978 

62 

630 
280 
3,747 
195 
12 
40 


do • • .mortcoo .—is; 


CO -* ,-t .IOOWC1 ■ ■ - O Ifl t- . CO -r .--CO 


63 
290 
345 

'""19 

5, 426 

3,351 

401 

696 

6,226 

2,048 

524 


■." ■:". ' I ■ ' ' -] -n co— i 

o^'j^o)onioinmoioootD'3'?iO'j'u-:ioMi>conoo'>fi:,iricoo 


irf" -*-*aJ"i-^"aj9i'esr H«»t- o"oo"-t<~oo cm iri io"co co co in co'cTco r-"oo"oo m"o"co 



'OtoioKif; : 
-i< o id x :i t^ ?i ; 



ionnb: 



:-H-oi>aortoni.')3 



IHrtMOH 



r- CO CO •— '- • to 'O x i* 01 t- r~ ?i co d-tni-i- r. to cc ; 
, co <o co co o Tf^Lf;x:!woo™x::ci:,'-r-t": 

■ Go CO Ot- iWCJrHC-iOt»10nO).1^TlOOt-^COC 

ioo" -s<f co"r-T g"-T -*" HnHn'oLOo" 






oooooo I 



CM i-l BMNHr 



■ on-*Q"ncc;^:ioc;ooNO[ 



mNOXcoo-^ci-tor — 

-_-.■= -i >■-. 01 co oi l~ o i: 

HOonooo**t-cO' 

^VinVr»"i>fo">s"^"«o"oo"a"«io"o!s"iri'M - ooo"oVt. ... - 
«coo:(Nn'*toH(MmiM«5'*nm:5'*OQ'*^mw!Noicoco»^ v n'»' 



i o> 13 o in h ■ 



■ -*o-xc 



-i . 



• Tt< CM CO CO 



ooot-Hi-nn co — o co o ~r co — . to so co !o- co to m ci cc o co co -* o m to — i 
,o no nt, co -^ Co oi to CO t~ CO so -r- to- to x Co o co co ci — ~f co o«- ;- ; ~ — ■ - - to to n 
oo-So-tCJ'-icocMcoino-toH c-_^c lO-jitooHoOBocio-tfo-fOoei^ao 

jfofff S m " SSooS^ciS^g^KroSS^SofiolS^S^SSocol'j 

t-(DOH*M«HnmHW01lO rH -oh Tft -tj. CO <M CM -* 00 to DO -t)( CO t* in 



< 01 . 



' ' r - '■& : 



t-OOlClOOHHffltOt 

o"co"co~rV oo~to"of H^^h io - 






J o co to to — i to t 



) -* to io co t~ M : 



toowM-i oi tc co .. 2 ?:-, '_; 71, |- -7 U : 
Soo!nca5&iSt-ir;i>oiocoooc6cot 

2 r2 co co ?~ t~ -f co 3 co i- :o b x 'r:o-c to Ti ~* t~ do or. i- o co oi co r^ i"o co o i t 

T«tOlOCOWMt-00'1 , OI>'+ClL0 01'J"JltDHClHQOHTM>X001XCOXI>< 

co"-*"-^*"'* o" to" -^o-rar^c-r ocTt> -c^-^o'^oefco" t> to r-T -^T ^jTco"-^* i o"lo" to cooo oo~c 



to o- oi -ococotor-t 

l-HOOt-OM«. 

o^ioococihoc 

to CO CO o" CO I -" cc" co" t 
co — i 10 yr. o ro — co - 

CO O0> l> t- I- o 1 CO CO r 



CO CO 7 1 -t X CO 'O, to CO co ,o to .0 o to to t^o-to 
^ co c i ol ^r V; co -f co o o 'iP5^i.'o???S 

excite:-;, o::,': co to ft - 1 -'". t- r- l*- r- 00 
CO to -* O - O O CC 1- 00 O I L- 00 l- CD CO O -* CO CM 



CM -^ tM CO lO CO to T}i CO ' 



; cm to -^ oo ri c; co ^ l- t- ^i Ti o — to co to " ci uo ^- So i 
> CO" rH tjT co" cm" -iT -b" -T o" o i" o" I -" co" to" t_-" to co" to" of -o" =" 



to to ■ .iO ' o t 



' CO to O OC — 1 to . 



38 

Q 33 ^ 



«o 5 3 
S M "§& 

«S" 2 2 



§| II 

o a 

So «« 

2 < 2 2 
»h_ _ a 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



« a a o 

ng gg 

o 3 s 

r-, = fl 

^ i° 

£:° ■Si' 

!za .2 a 

2 > 3°- 

£ 3 a-S 

h a ^ 

CO <B (- 

fe k as 

« i-c a a 






5 += 
> a 



10 § -si? 

*£ ill 

I® "SgJ 

a Q -m •'2 

03 !*; I § q 

ID «■;« 

g E .1? 



ti 

a 

a 

n 


a 

3 




e 


















































s 

3 


















































a 
3 


"3 
1 


P 


Dollars. 
106,064 on 
247, 780 75 
151,224 00 
131, 505 75 
222,704 26 
181,046 OC 
175, 860 2." 
156,059 75 
150,413 45 
207,915 40 
413, 167 30 
210,978 GO 
407,841 01 
181,032 01 
203, 465 35 
888,549 2( 
144,242 42 
14,-. 188 

100,030 7.' 
88, 039 65 
88, 507 45 
78, 235 83 

47, 363 90 
214, 178 11 
219,201 ()( 
1-11,806 9f 
166, 172 6" 
229. 317 41 


in 

i 

a 
a 

e 


s 


Dollars. 

•134,256 00 

001, 147 on 

004, 896 00 
626, 023 00 
891, 197 00 
627,784 oo 
703, 477 00 
624, 280 oo 
455, 467 00 
594, 044 00 
1,180,478 00 
002, 786 00 

1,105,200 00 

1, 068, 005 00 
1,866,844 (" 

2, 397, 822 00 

050,814 (H 

940, 540 00 
1, 356, 086 00 
570,417 00 
091,895 00 
500, 233 00 

201,454 00 
1, 004, 826 00 
998,914 00 
633, 745 00 
803,914 00 
1.146.587 00 


o a 


a 

a 
"3 
















































a 

a 
o 
PM 
















































Valued at over 28 

centa and not 

over 40 centa per 

pound. 


o 

s 

3 


5 

s 














































a 

O 
















































! § 

fl s 
■g a. 

2 a 


o 
l> 


2 














































a 

a 
o 
0- 
















































Blanketa, 
value 

per pound 

not 

stated. 


a 


Dollars. 
434, 256 
991, 147 
604, 896 
526, 023 
891, 197 
527, 781 
703, 477 


624, 239 

455, 467 

594, 044 

1, 180, 478 

602, 796 

1, 1G5, 260 

1,008,005 

1,805,314 

2, 397, 822 

959,814 

946, 540 

1,356,080 

570,417 


566, 233 

201,454 

1,004,826 

998,914 

683, 7-15 

803,914 

1,140,587 

1,161,429 


*3 

c — 

*1 

feces 

.5 5 
."S 5 

a* 

l £ 
pq 


• 




S3 
















































o 

3 

> 


<0 

3 
















































a 
o 
Pm 




















































Jo 

a 

s 

1 




1 

o 

§* 

to 

I 


\ 






1 




V. 


T- r 

J. V 


■z 


• 


I 


k 




: 




a 


- 
it. 


- 


a 


r 


I 
o 

a 




2x5 


a 
I 





WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



39 





















is • 
ta • 

00 '■ 
OS '• 




























5-j 










248,807 00 
301,293 80 
209, 272 20 
291, 131 80 
358,118 00 
234, 128 40 
241,060 00 
320, 194 00 
236, 207 40 
254, C07 90 
249,777 15 
223, 518 85 
635, 392 55 
442,431 67 
287, 160 48 
582,386 71 
428, 247 31 


1, 244, 335 00 
1,506,409 00 
1, 040, 301 00 
1, 455, 659 00 
1,790,590 00 
1,170,042 00 
1, 205, 300 00 
1,030,973 00 
1,574,710 CO 
1, 697, 386 00 
1, 005, 181 00 
1,341,048 00 
1 , 945, 7»7 00 
1, 297, 804 00 
749, 793 CO 
878, 908 00 
539, 131 00 




















r ■ 






eo 


























co- 




















o '• 
CO • 
<M~ ■ 






in 




















o" ■ 






o 




















o I 






co- 
co 




















ra ' 






o 

00 


CO-* CO 

-f O -f 
CMIO O 


1,455,659 
1,790,590 
1,170,642 
1, 205, 300 
1, 630, 973 
1,574,710 
1,097,380 
1,005,181 
1, 251, 638 
1,945,707 
1, 297, 804 
749, 793 
878, 008 




























CO tk 
co'oa 

o co 

S CO 


























■* OS 

S3 

of eg 


























t- r- 


9 


r- 


1- 


o 




uC CO 


t-CC 


■2 


= 


-j. 


X X 


? 




3 





40 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



ti 
.2 

CD 

& 

a 
1 

1 

c3 

o 


Treble Ingrain 
and worsted ' 

ohaln Venetian 
carpets and 

carpeting. 


> 


1 




















































75 






















































Brussels and tapes- 
try Brussels car- 
pet, and carpeting 

printed on the 
warp or otherwise. 


si 
» 

a 


.3 




















































«3 






















































51 

c a 

Spa 

- = •/ 
2 a .t> 

,-si 

figs 

III 


cS 
irt SO 

!«►§ 


cu 


2 

J 

q 




















































w 




































;« 


















CI ? 

-B B i 

3 o <» 

? 1 


6 

3 






















































t»a 

w 






















































p r"S 

US 


B 


.2 
























28, 319 
40, 083 
128, 431 
108, 760 
27, 137 
61,968 
118,620 
51,025 
95, 803 

59, 909 

19,670 
40,214 

100, 332 

88, 075 

60, 427 
(6) 

51,518 


B< 
W 


























89, 427 
108, 198 
320, 086 
436, 071 

63, 457 
179, 803 
287, 854 
144, 082 
250, 634 
157, 769 

58, 018 
125, 040 
278, 456 
205, 480 
169, 933 

(b) 
122, 485 


"Wilton, Saxony, Au- 
busson, Brussels, 
Turkey, treble in- 
grain, Venetian 
and other ingrain. 


> 


fi 




















































3 

>. 

CO 






















































a 
•j 

a* 

.2 te 

■g B 

a'" 
o 

> 


CD 

j3l 


Q 


















123, 950 
249, 980 
846, 589 
171,606 
199, 831 
281, 272 
449, 043 
253, 105 
121, 052 
197, 798 
92, 433 
52, 440 
33,414 

11,622 
17, 280 
84,051 

23. 570 
11, 059 
38, 895 












93, 339 
502, 378 
601,452 
630, 871 
763, 360 
341,593 
182, 870 
385, 839 
512,793 
240, 668 
257, 022 
395, 441 
014,974 
333,821 
161,213 
272, 0S6 
127,688 
77, 768 
50, 772 

17,650 
28, 080 

46, 778 
88, 280 

19,241 
74, 175 
144, 558 


HI 

Hq.3 
rfs - 

•_ .- 


f. 

5 
"3 


1 
1 
















77, 562 
170,713 
210,335 
147, 820 
107,(137 
321,812 
514,712 
300, 9116 
101,301 
414,809 
240, 068 
203, 048 
208, 895 

170,188 
272,105 

300, 003 

229,078 
278, 805 

595, 465 
367, 975 










29, 299 
85, 700 
71,201 
60, 750 
oo, 634 
64, 570 
64,885 
127,746 
144,066 
104, 1118 
118,008 
206,668 
335, 680 
223, 064 

130,084 
282, 852 

167,650 
207, 562 

161, 425 

125, 218 
104,172 
250, 668 
130,486 

270,611 

021, 158 

397,818 




& 


s 




i 

P. 

2g 


B 


'/- 


: ' 




> 


i_- 


r 


- 
"> 


e 


j 


i. 


j 


s 


J. i 


'% 


31 




\ 




1 

H 
CD 

g« 

-■'1 


7 


10 - 

ss 


77 


I 





WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



41 





















= 






























o 






§3 

o o 
©"in" 

■-IT* 




















to 






r-(0 

to to 
a N 




















o 






o t- 

— to 
coo 




















| 






iHOO 

<n lb 




















5 






c- to 

ci to 

■-.in 




















CO 








o 

CM 




















00 








to 
o 

CM 


101, 256 
110, COO 
111,051 
118, 203 
113, 048 

97, 578 
117,561 
119,835 
124, 008 
136, 174 
200, 683 
138, 781 

68, 4c5 


om co 
one- 


237, 689 
190, 492 
184, 973 
208, 166 
380, 973 
378, 457 
502, 244 
491,405 














S t~ 








1, 327, 707 
1, 929, 196 
1, 784, 196 

1, 542, 600 

2, 200, 1C4 
2, 542, 523 
1,746,049 

466, 596 
1, 016, 562 
1, 658, 380 












£ v - ~' 

c-1 § — 








00 00 o 

c i a t- 

OI'M 
O O lO 






93, 091 
88, 655 
75, 573 
142,817 
165, 391 


























148, 172 
142, 540 
129,821 
239,157 
353, 725 


























626, 813 
835, 174 
559, 609 
845, 058 
1, 406, 337 


























685, 328 
842, 404 
555, 088 
809, 281 
2, 299, 895 


























o 


X / ' ' 


'-' 


'- 








y 




- 


•- 
■ 


1 


•- 


I 


- 


l 







42 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



Cloths and cassimeres. 


■ 

.2 


P 


Dollars. 
V'07,651 00 
1, 698, 387 00 
1, 1G8, 813 60 
1, 109, 337 90 
1, 593, 527 10 
1,375,296 GO 
1,427,041 52 
1,487,132 7G 


1,284,753 80 

2, 755, 074 80 

2, 296, 443 95 

3, (Mil, (1117 00 

2,051,230 80 
B, 811, 975 80 

3, 923, (1(18 00 
1,825,923 40 

2, 130, ; 346 00 
2, 902, 350 10 

1,784,681 40 

1,878,289 60 
1,398,452 00 

542, 651 20 


1,911,170 00 
2,164,740 00 

1,676,024 00 

1,258,322 GO 
1, 0U0, 243 50 


oi 

s 


Dollars. 
5 03a 265 
3.491,035 
5, 844, 0G8 
5,045,159 
5, 264, 562 
4, 54G, 7!4 
4, 285, 413 
4,815,714 
8,335,994 
2,854,839 
6,121,442 
6,101,841 
6, 128, 194 
4,364,840 

7. nit'.. 755 

8, 926, 882 
8,018, 160 
:.. 195, 06E 
7, 078, 901 
4,696,629 
4, 942, 867 
8,996,677 

1,856,628 

4,777.941 
5.411,850 
4, 192,811 
4, 527, 742 
0, 304, 145 


4 \ : : ; : 

a ... 

t| 1 1 1 1 














a 

~o 
O 




Duties. 
Dollars. 




§Sg8 : 

onnn • 

~ S3 3 5 j 






76, 092 70 
B79,041 91 

277. 728 8( 
195,960 60 


oi 
l> 


e : : : : 

R : : : : 




oocm • 
:-. A -r — ■ 

oT«poo"o" i 
c- •* o « ■ 






175. 0S1 

981,061 

1,173,028 

847,742 

670, 462 

663, 222 


O 

05 

•4 


09 


. . . . ■ 

_c ; : : : 

p 5 : i : : 










114,493 

1, 105,798 
788,849 

605,027 
553, 930 


1 














W 




?:: :! 




o s ci ri 

SgSS : 

cTco"x"o" ■ 






60, 501 

66, 17." 

67, 282 
61,397 
71,486 
99,288 


-3 

O 
















© 
a 

"3 
o 
U 
1 

w> 

s> 
& 

a 

a 

cj 

.00 

O 
& 

a 
O 


P 


"3 
P 


Dollars. 

"*88,655 : 85 
109, 092 70 
187,077 50 

221, 373 85 

222, 192 80 
190,378 Iti 
118,001 75 
243,858 05 
806,176 15 
164,171 66 

172, 192 00 
303, 344 88 
442,529 ID 

239.887 00 

1 39. 019 88 
207,5(10 18 
185,818 08 
154,734 06 
102, 577 29 

88,054 92 

133.888 60 
199,084 31 
125,899 90 

90, 846 85 


© 

"cl 


Dollars. 

'""87," 834 

515,391 

545, 148 
511, ISC, 

681,946 
828,254 

2(il, 649 
421,094 
557, 775 
B47.91] 
436,951 
782,518 

1.133, 4 15 

660, 238 

377,321 

781,227 
989, 526 
441,351 
302,218 

201,480 
829,689 
632, 246 

R56, 808 
643, IW 


•[UU8JBOX 

jaqjo pne jooAi. 
jo ejtscn jaujo jrc 
'sSnj 'saaajDS 'syejq[ 


5 

2 


§ : : : : 
4..M 
















Of wool, flax, 
or whatever 
material not 

otherwise pio- 
vldedfor. 


1 

> 


5 : ; : ; 
p : ': ! : 






si§!l 




. , . ggaS 


& 
dq 


• • iinci-ui-i-xi sa 

• ■ .ceoisUHOiKis 






Two-ply, 
Ingrain, and 
yarn Venetian. 


© 
1 


£ : : : : 
S:::i 












■3 
*•> 

rr. 
















1 

£ a 




Sept. 30- 

1821 

1829 

1823 

1824 


1 9> 'i~> ~ 


c 
i " 
> 


§s 


i{ 


J CO 

; v 


~S. 'Z. 'A ' 


- x : 


: : : : 1 :::::: 
: :: is • • • • • ; 

• • • • © 

• ■ • ■ a 

!::='::;: 

. . . .i- e 

•: o ^- c*i r: — i- ^ r- x 

cxxx ocxxxaox 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



43 



1,498,787 10 

1, 855, 257 00 

2, 300, 856 00 

2, 072, 922 60 

3, 321, 571 80 
3, 947, 874 90 
2, 743, 458 30 
3, 505, 042 80 
3,302,881 50 
1,830,439 20 

2, 702, 326 32 

3, 069, 000 96 


a 

CI 


1,892,316 79 
1,810,530 16 
5, 283, 369 36 
3, 292, 422 24 
9,931,316 14 


995, 957 
184, 190 

669, 520 
909,742 
071, 906 
159,583 
144,861 
683, 476 
009, 605 
626, 830 
259, 693 
787, 754 


CO 

CO 

— 

CM 


5,441,719 
5, 147, 404 

10, 698, 035 
5,411,043 

10, 676, 963 


"♦OC-O^COCSHrtf HM 




uo" 
CI 


4, 432, 392 
4, 363, 993 
9, 855, 327 
4, 700, 021 
13,550,472 


277 00 
978 30 
698 20 
643 60 
140 50 
142 30 
698 00 
503 20 

049 12 
948 16 
551 04 


00 

DO 


160 00 

730 00 
103 00 
020 72 
071 36 


170 

243 
317 
410 
692 
1,178 
592 
593 
575 
308 
368 
504 


3 


CO CO •* I- CO 
CM CO CM cm CO 


: "! - - ~ : — OC X -f — 

co co er. — co -r co — x :: --. - 

lONOXriHOraCO CI Tl 


CO 


O CM CO CO O 
CM t- CO CM X 

CO ■* CM X 00 


587 

813 

058 
308 
307 
9:7 
9', 5 
97 S 
918 
28: 1 
537 
102 


i 


CM CO X CM CO 


HHCSieiHrtriHHBl 


253, 


580, 307 

734, 208 

945, 294 

1, 253, 742 

2, 109, 770 

3, 576, 644 

1, 587, 252 

1,574,211 

1,571,517 

961,514 

1,252,435 

1, 756, 237 

51,109,608 

\ 9, 302 


1 !m 




o 


i P 




87, 283 
78, 993 
113, 700 
115, 070 

197, 359 
350, 497 
388,410 
404, 133 
347,471 
322, 024 
284, 849 
346, 059 


S 20 1,389 
X 1,367 
52, 320 
73, 472 
48, 206 
50, 679 
130, 880 


■;;;;; j ; j c j ! cm 


• o« 

. ! TTCO 

■ ; CMC? 


372 80 

558 00 
214 30 
605 40 
044 60 
558 90 
246 50 
963 70 
337 50 
985 92 
721 12 
369 44 


CO 
CO 


524 30 
624 80 
516 00 
231 30 
702 35 


163 
267 
332 
252 
400 
714 
481 
698 
690 
399 
560 
658 


1 


MOO 
40G 
704 
312 
1,003 


544, 570 

891,860 

1,107,381 

842, 018 

1,335,482 

2, 381, 803 

1, 604, 155 

2, 329, 879 
2,301,125 
1,666, COS 
2, 330, 338 
2, 743, 206 


o 

£35 


535, 081 
1,C16;562 
1,761,290 

593, 703 
2, 977, 567 






: : :£=; 


1 






. . .co = 








• ■ .00- 




28, 050 
70, 700 
72, 952 
95, 785 
229, 404 
097, 087 
178, 870 
283, 122 
397, 094 




• • .C6iH 

. . '• in in 






. ; :^ = 


> 






• ■ • . 






: : '.^c 






■ ■ ■ 00 c 
























■ • • I- c 


3 






■ • • rl C 














. . . « 


3 
































CO O — *CMCC-flOCOr~XC5CO 

-r i.o io ..-. .- o '-•-.->-., - CO 

X X X X X X X X X 30 X : 


X 


OC CO X X 00 



Si fc 



44 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



a a 
■ 33 

u a 
- ■.- 

S 1 * 


1 

ft 


Si 






















■2<2 


§ 

■3 


S3 : 










III:.:': 




: : : 








||| 

lis 


1 

1 






MM 






1 1 i i 1 1 i 












o 
o 

§ 

o 
'p. 

a 

to 

ft 


a 




Dollars. 
411,010 75 
507, 378 25 
876i 117 25 
539, 070 00 
756, 028 20 
353, 420 50 
382, 776 25 
410,401 70 
470, 003 90 
305, 501 05 
848, 009 25 
653,781 00 
402,113 80 
00, 088 70 

232, 420 80 

938, 508 90 

1,034,525 To 

1, 3:10.278 41 

1,578,767 00 

1, G30, 618 50 

1, 800, 565 00 
1,000,802 60 
2,010,326 25 


e 
H 


I 

1 


Dollar*. 
1,766,443 
2, 269, 513 
1,504,40!) 
2,158,080 
2, 902, 072 
1, 308, 616 
1,506,400 
1, 609, 030 
1,833,650 
1,451,401 

3, 392, 087 
2,015,121 

4, 821, 183 
000, 887 

7, 542, 655 
9, 840, 335 
5,161,218 
5, 455, 727 
9, 345, 782 
4,117,180 

5, 043, 534 
3, 077, 892 

774, 730 
3,128,303 
3, 448,419 

1, 136,225 

6, 316, 008 

7, 202, 250 
11,677,805 


a 
o 

o 

t 

o 
o 

o 

"o 

o 

O 


p 

O 

■a 

1 


> 






















03 
OQ 






















£ 

o 

a 
a 

o 


O 

s 

"oi 


to ; 

1 : 




















S 






















£ 

o 

p 


o 

a 


if : 
1 j 




















a 
B 
o 






! 
















a s a 


o 

3 


e 1 

« ! 

3; 


025, 204 
226,450 
128,625 

102, 884 
233, 028 
53, 916 


839,824 
61,766 

3,171,023 
1,810,947 
1,622,272 
2, 319, 884 
1,729,792 
1,931,828 
1,311,770 

318,685 

1,610,810 

1,965,095 

1,653,800 
1,788.076 


= 7 - 


3 


Dollars. 
1,766,443 

2, 209, 513 
1,504,40!) 
2, 158,680 

2, 277, 468 
1, 143, 106 
1, 382, 875 
1, 446, 146 
1, 000, 022 

1, 397, 545 

3, 392, 037 
2,015,124 
4,281,300 

a6, 549, 278 
6,669,812 

3,038,455 
7,025,808 

3,712,200 

2, 300, 122 

450, 051 

2,658,023 
2,024,002 

5,419, 171 






1 
q 

3 

I 

bH 




= ; 

W '. 
/ . 


i -- «* in -i r- pe 


~ k ~ 


• 


-. -.r r- c er. o — ?i 




J i 

9CJ ■ 

o : 

- • 


* — '£ '.i 


L Zl 


' 


i 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



45 

















X 








1 


o 
















"*. 






CO to 

— o 

00 ■* 
























CI t~ 

OO CO 


2, 992, 479 25 
2,491,266 75 
8, 409, 712 50 

3, 362, 477 00 
2, 383, 626 95 

2, 759, 926 32 
3,443,008 62 

4, 140, 040 29 

84,478 11 
696, 024 60 

3, 583, 324 96 

4, 743, 299 41 
10,603,441 05 


11,969.917 
9, 963, 067 
13, 878, 850 

13, 449, 908 
12, 545, 405 

14, 525, 928 
18,121,098 
21,487,752 

279, 192 
2,213,110 

10,610,414 
8, 461, 908 

21, 935, 253 
























CM OS 
rH O 

of in" 
in cm 

ob" .-T 
cm 
























cn> m 

oo OO 

cT of 

O t- 

oo" -sjT 


















1,744,639 
10, 069, 768 
84, 697 
97, 414 
10,124 
122, 839 
















o 


11 
rf"t- 


^*oo in ro 




~is~% 






240, 722 
307, 328 
503, 093 
515,641 
613, 248 
909, 371 
541, 890 
C 261, 963 
} 17,229 
458, 471 
540, 646 
220, 670 

677, 193 


















CO 

CO- 
CM 








1, 594, 038 
1,133,839 
1, 335, 247 
1, 580, 246 
1, 249, 385 
1, 623, 106 
2, 193, 376 












10, 375, 879 
8, 590, 506 
12, 236, 275 
11,365,689 
10, 780, 379 
12, 289, 574 
15,018,351 
20, 944, 727 










u 


x 


■-: 
a 


1? 


I 


a 


;- 


p 


J 


I 


\ 


i- 
8 


3 

00 



46 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



— 

il 

- - — 

.2 CO * 

111 

e 
M 


DO 

3 


IN; 

§11 i 


E22 s = = 'SS'5 = t9 5M ' iC:s:5 -'^ essoooooq 

~ J -_• '_- - T - - ~ : - '- 1- : < J - -■ -• -"■ '" X Tii- 1- ■-. = - :- -r 
-r.3O3d0[-i-x:i.xo;ii:ir,-i.i ~ j. .-. s . . -- -^ — 

- ; "?" - 5'9'='';'""i-aii.':r-".-;'-,'r: x'x'rT- r -"-".-".-• 
- ~ ' - — 2 * " T ~ -• — — - ' - J — « — —" — -"- - ' '-" X ;- — — 


3 O O 

t c: 1-: 

•Tx-V 
i .-. — 

^J X 


09 
> 


Dollars. 

55, 868 
360,741 

376, B27 
865, 339 

230, 986 
183,463 
825, 856 
260, 668 
468, 348 

383, 977 

662, 680 
700, 630 
177,092 
856, ! 65 
1,087,006 
606,452 
471,877 
375,207 

61,078 
662, 005 
741,242 
838, 866 
621, 680 
731,000 
7 IS, 794 
718, 135 


1! ijiijiij 












S 

o 

>S 

03 
I 

.2 

03 

w 


1 




8 ::::::: : 



~ ::::::: : 

<§:::::!:! 


2 16 
26 46 
53 95 

209 60 
98 94 

118 9-' 

00 22 

70 02 
26 18 

7 87 

40 04 
34 56 




>• 


5 ::::::: ; 
§MMMM 


• • • looai-iooNaot-- a 

! '. '. '. TJ £ *■' 3? i; E ?, ?, * n ° °° ; ; 




ill 

m 


1 


llillllll 


. . ; ifSSSSoSSfSiSS • § '• '• • '• '< . ; ; 

;;;; cn -»• ■* m :n cm • 




e 




• ■ « t- a r. S3 a ,-s cc n ■ -^ ". 

; . '. i^SsoSSSSSS '. ° ! ! : 




1 

o 

& 

=3 

w 


3 


C i : : i : i : : 

3 :■::■;■ ! 






: : : s ° ::::::: : 




T3 
3 
3 








• • • X -^ 

: i : "* : i : : : : : : 




s 
1 


3 

© 


3 


Dollars. 

319, 082 70 
176, 046 90 
176,175 00 
150,353 10 
28, 510 20 

46," 206 08 
62,681 05 

91,470 02 
93, 598 53 
24, 636 24 
28, 251 54 
52, 198 52 
20, 130 lh 
27, 496 86 
9, 102 25 

4, 955 44 

13, 136 90 

22, 056 36 

14, 847 91 
51,723 75 
13.084 75 
22, 148 25 
32, 622 25 
21,873 00 
26,707 75 


"3 


Dollars. 

1, 065, 609 

587, 250 
521, 177 
95, 034 

"iicVisi 

200, 580 
270, 351 
306, 952 
84,112 
98,011 
172,753 
67, 690 
89, 048 

37, 795 
76, 055 
68, 776 
50, 210 

206, 895 
52, 339 
88, 593 

130, 489 
87, 492 

106, 381 




CO 

3 

"3 
t> 


Sir: 

Jim 
























es a h 

■ga g 
js § g 

(> " CO 


3 
■3 


£ '. '. '. 
M • • • 

<§::■' 
























1 

ft. 




















1 : : I : : M M 






ce 


3 

s 
"3 


£ : : : 
| • • ■ 

Si:: 
























03 

a 

1 


























-si 

n a. 

•is-g 




3 
t> 


Dollars. 

1, 065, 609 
586, 823 
587, 250 
521, 177 
95, 034 

200, 580 
270,351 
300, 952 
84,112 
08, 01 1 
172,763 
(17, 680 
89, 048 

17,779 

37, 795 

08, 770 
50, -J 10 
200, 895 

88, 593 
130.489! 


U 

X 

X A 

•if 


■3 














288, 788 
407, 433 
597, 006 
686,816 
166, 188 
199,740 
373,512 
153,28] 

212,219 
75, 805 

35, 596 
03, 885 
205, 180 
168,074 
117, 122 
514,121 
170,806 
281, 779 
884, 117 




i 

C 
u 





1 


ijN 

« - • ; 

x x x x 


i_~ 
S 


7 




| 


a 


§ S3 S3 9 


fines 


t 1. «. 


• ■ ° '• '. '. '. \ ■ 

I;©::.:;;;;; 

:• = a ::■::•: : 

— "i — r: -• ir -x r- x * ** -- 


m 





WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



4T 



381,857 10 
325,187 10 
351, 928 20 
522, 248 70 
441,014 64 
172, 659 60 
219, 590 48 


s : 

co '• 


. . o o 


1,272,857 
1, 083, 957 
1, 173, 094 
1, 740, 829 
1,837,561 
719, 415 
831, 627 


<N 

S_ : 

o ! 

t- ; 


• . coeo 


;;;;;,: ; : : :£S 


::;::;! ! ',','• co-#~ 




CO j 


. . OO 
. . o o 

1 .' l-CO 

1 i COCO 




CO 


1 .' eo c- 
', \ in 

. ■ CO 



















































co 
















04 




', ■' m" 

. I CO 


u5 no 
t-t-o 


m 


3 


§ 


cj" 


-sr 


~d~ 


.in esci 










C 




en 




t-c-o 


5 




< 


£ 


in 


ca 


■OQIO 


lanio 
eo co cm 


» 


- 


3 


CO 


in 


O 


:|Sc3 














ou 




































CO 


» 


o 

CO 


■ t~coo 
• m 00"* 


^-rH-H 


" 


" 




1-1 


1-1 




!"* " 
















; ; SS 









'. rt in 
!co" 






. . eo 




;C00 
'• C$ CO 

■ . m<N 


: : . : ; 


: : c " 




; :™g 








i :™1 


CO 

:;;;;■.! ■ • • • cfic 


I : : : 1 i j J^ i j islC 


CiHMfflt-r-Olfll^ 


c 


. e> j ■ 


n * o io t- 

^J-COOOCO 


^h oo eo 


CO 


:§ : : 


OIOHCJ 
CO TPO CO 

cm in o m 


; : § 

. . o 


3 


.CO . 

'. eo • • 


t-"o'o "if 




CI 

c 


!cm ! ■ 
















■n in in m in in o eo 

QO CO 00 00 00 OO 00 00 


1 


co-c in eo 



48 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



1 


Valued nnder 50 
cents per pound 
and not exceed- 
ing in fineness 
No. 14. 


a 
> 


Si 














































a 

o 














































s 

> 


i • 

1 ; 










































a 
a 

o 












































£ 


_a 


i : 

1 i 
















106, 209 
261, 620 
211,804 
172, 128 
136,603 
368, 802 

103, 931 

167,664 

210, 558 

60, 961 
159,020 
187,978 
266.831 


N ~-r — 


ceo 
& oo 'ri 

o"s>"o" 


13 

a 
o 
Ph 
















































o 
o 


B 

5 



"3 


1; 
















4, 641) 
298 

812 
334 

86 
156 

807 
660 

1,053 


















■3 
a 
a 
o 
Ph 




















402 

685 

282 

313 

1,547 

1,758 

2, 670 


















% 


1 


"3 
P 


3i 
















58, 014 50 
6, 346 00 
742 13 
9,215 88 
1,022 12 
62, 714 83 
116,811 47 
48,111 42 
37. 687 64 
64,854 30 

18,719 60 
129,642 01 


3 =.0 O O « 

1JS'=21:22? 

-i ii-^'i'-.-'i-' 
r. -r -t - 1 "J X O — 

--:i-*r;:i.-:i 

- .-. r- r- n x~:o — 

- — — .-- 3 

HNvoorenoo 
~ l-' -»' — ' — ' i -' x" i - 

- -J - - r: :: 


OJ 

a 
"3 


$ : 
















116,029 
12, 692 
325,671 
405, 577 
101,466 
248,215 
410, 856 
133, 849 
109,707 
187,420 

46, 874 
324, 105 


ll 
o 


o 


s§ : 

q : 












































03 
S 
O 














































Of wool, 
and cot- 
ton, silk, 
and silk 
and cot- 
ton. 


3 
[> 


2 ■ 

e ; 

3 : 












































M-9 


a 

a 

> 


2 : 

3 : 
















in Ir-Tc 


c.* 

" c r - i 


282, 46 ( 
126, 60! 
99, 178 
185, 298 

41,436 
271, 534 


226,317 

200, 124 

740, 715 

1,857,129 

1, 196,376 

935,348 

1, 008, 535 

715,814 




o 

_a 


e ■' 

2 i 
















110,780 

12,691 

«324, 092 

a386, 450 

a 99,143 

O05, 252 

a 128, 389 

al, 240 

a 10, 529 

2, 122 

5, 438 
52, 571 
228, 838 
69, 091 
23, 732 
54. 704 
35,016 
2, 040 
9,501 
1.267 


1 
o 

t 

ft 

o 

s 


o3 




1 : 
P j 












































8 


1 : 












































•B 

a 
a 
c 
Ph 
















































a 

'•= 
a 
o 

3 




i 

Hi : 
§■: 




'<- 


_- •- 

r. 


1 




T- z 


t'i 


||jj 






X 


a e - 
HI 




i 

CO 

- 
a 


1 


tl 


g 


J- 


1 


i 


■«" 


X 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



49 

















| 










to 
oo 
















CI 








OS 
















o 


























5 












280, 896 
359, 341 
160,599 
198,746 
192, 147 
196,285 
386. 8->4 


593,371 
461, 656 
372, 533 
383, 011 
434, 549 
395, 589 




















io to?ico 
macco 

■<* CO-* CO 




























































423, 716 70 
443,031 60 

560, 026 00 
632, 442 75 

561, 587 75 
380, 504 07 
546, 696 88 
533, 327 53 
491, 605 81 

32, 467 09 




•* to 

O T-l 

lOCO 

or-T 


1, 412, 389 
1, 470, 772 

2, 240, 104 
2, 529, 771 
2,246,351 
2, 002, 653 
2, 877, 352 
2, 806, 987 
2, 032, 786 

105, 925 




OS o 

cm cj 

COCO 
















to~irf 

°8 




in --i 
















5 s - 

inof 
CO -s< 




oo'c-" 






2,240,104 
2, 529, 771 
2, 246, 351 
2, 002, 653 
2, 877, 352 
2, 806, 987 
1, 966, 149 












(MCJ 

of to" 
























o = 






































4,718 20 
44, 237 60 
116,246 80 
244, 001 73 
145, 891 9'2 
214, 413 24 
















tri to Tp -3i io c 

CC t- CO — OJ c 

nnVmo'c 


















794, 273 
6,291,077 
7, 867, 601 
8, 133, 391 
4, 863, 004 




u- 


I 








CO c 


= 




■-: 




| 


'i 


tc 





5402 WOOL 4 



50 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 





1,555,325 75 
2, 513. 552 00 

1, 696, 154 85 
1,985,666 80 
3,475,430 65 

2, 548, 495 20 
2, 794, 539 27 
2, 754, 283 92 
2,591,229 74 
2, 333, 082 21 
5, 172, 566 82 
4,151,896 41 
4,662,142 38 
2, OS 1,520 85 
4,266,176 03 
5,242,550 18 
1,817, 292 06 
2,677,638 18 
:t, 828, 925 25 
2,190,949 08 
2, 882, 876 24 

2, 559, 817 42 

4,701,477 94 
4,436,930 81 

3. 903. 352 77 


O O L- 


m mo 

Irt COX 

XC-5X 
O — CM 

£££ 

pi S i- 
co" in x" 


3 

3 
-a 

a 

C 


1 


— .-: V 

t- CMC* 

fftfS 

c: £ -j 


CO 

CD 

*3 


Dollars. 
7,238,954 
11,752,595 

7, 953, 433 
8, 124, 687 

12,017,468 

8, 657, 424 
8, 866, 226 
8, 842, 389 
7, 193,653 
5, 900, 988 

13, 197, 364 

10,440,490 

13,713, Ml 

7, 444, 036 

al9, 151, 950 

824,637,881 

-d(i, 1 0.782 

013,180,956 

«21,024,427 

al0,808,48S 

(712,943.8,-:! 

9,689,648 

2,971,456 

11,751,971 
13.578,352 
12,778,854 
13,864, 102 

18, l"\ 101 
16, 779. 501 
19,620,611 

20,611,284 
81,819,771 


J 

© 

£ 

a 

<2 

a 

§ 

a 

£ 



sa 
«4 


1 • 


"a 









43,281 90 
302,481 60 
267, 703 80 
298, 225 80 
262,543 11 
287, 572 03 
286, 147 66 
744,288 B2 
533,098 16 
322, 387 88 

95, 77!) 89 
213,089 88 

314,073 08 

89, B31 00 
129, 162 05 

21 4,247 14 
84,316 30 
150,211 34 
117,940 15 

30,116 80 
158,471 20 

815,210 80 
298,552 10 
237,032 4.' 

574,247 70 

371,344 80 
178, i-'; 20 
337, 479 60 


> 


1 






144, 273 
1, 008, 272 
892, 340 
895, 573 
821,914 
840, 132 
619,253 
1,648,215 
1,181,948 
650, 368 
203, 787 
453, 404 
713,757 
90, 525 
315,005 
522. 56 1 

836, 989 

75, 292 
396, 178 

553, 408 

788, 027 

si 5, 409 

7!»o, 108 

851,487 

1,914, LSQ 

1, 237, 81« 

594.9M 

1,124,983 


Manufactures 

of wool wholly 

or in part " 

of wool. 


_a 
> 


i 


















































CO 

5 
a 
o 
Ph 




















































Valued at 

not exceeding 

33J cents per 

squaroyard. 


CO 
CD 

a 


3 














140,545 
288, 174 
200. 000 

503, 193 
139, 829 


























CD 
















- 
-i — : - 
:-. oi-i: 

CO - :-. ~ 
reooir 


u 

/_ 

1- 
'- 


of • 




























^3 3 


fc> 


| 






144,273 
1, 008, 272 
892, 340 
895, 573 
678, 399 
551, 958 
353, 193 
952. 549 


510, 539 
203, 787 
453,404 
. 713.757 
90, 525 
315, 005 
522, 554 
221,885 
395, 293 
336, 989 

75, 292 
396, 176 
553, 408 
788, 027 
845, 409 
790, lo* 
851,487 
1,914,159 
1,237,816 

1, 124,932 


CD 

a 
H 


H 


.2 
a 
P 


«§ 
























21,471 80 
33,355 04 
52, 663 02 

42, 085 91 
34, 567 76 

27, 357 74 
73, 822 21 
21,081 57 
31,766 20 

43, 680 90 

18, 288 39 
47, 706 00 
60, 392 50 

79, 899 o(> 
34, 092 05 
35,851 75 

28, 305 75 
42, 059 75 
54,219 00 
55,064 75 
70, 224 00 


CO 
CD 


2 

s 
























102,719 
100, 507 
202,515 
212. 700 
172,402 
130,689 
308, 958 
104,738 
158,224 
217,611 

60, 961 
159, 020 
187,97.'. 
200, 330 
128,833 
113,407 
113,4fi:i 
170, 639 
216,878 
220, 259 
280, 896 


CD 

P. 


CO 

3 


£ 

5 

1 




















































CO 

a 
a 

O 

CM 






















































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1, 135, 879 82 

25, 344 72 


46, 536 13 

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276, 82?- 30 
188, 488 47 

1, 400, 769 66 

11, 329 76 
27, 528 42 


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1, 604, 986 98 

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112, 802 83 

436, 834 26 
260, 208 00 

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WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



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Webbings, gorings, suspenders, 
braces, beltings, bindings, 
braids, galloons, fi inges, gimps, 
Cords, cdiils and tassels, dress 
trimmings, bead nets, buttons 
or barrel buttons, or buttons of 
other forms for tassels or orna- 
ments, wi ought by hand or 
braided by machinery, made of 
wool, orof which wool, worsted, 
the hair of tho alpaca, goat, or 
other animals is a component 
mat. .rial nnnnrla. 


Xaras, woolen and worsted: 

Valued at not exceeding 40 

cents per pound ...pounds.. 
Valued at abovo 40 and not 

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Allmannfaetnreaof every desoi ip- 

tion not specially enumerated or 
providetl for, made wholly or in 
part of wool : 
Manufactures, not otherwise 


Worsted, the hair of the al 
paca, goat, or ether animals, 

(excej)t such as are com- 
posed in part of wool) — 
Valued at not exoeeding 
40 cents per p o u n d , 
pounds . . 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



89 



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79, 275 55 
981, 720 22 


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30o.p. lb. &35 p. c. 

40c. p. lb. & 35 p. o. 
50c. p. lb. & 35 p. o. 






Valued at abovo 40 and 
not exceeding 00 centa 
per pound pounds.. 

Valued at above 00 and 
not exceeding 80 cents 
per pound pounds . . 

Valued at above 80 cents 
per pound pounds. . 


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WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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106 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



Xo 10.— Summary statement showing tiie Total Quantities and Values of 
Imported Wools axd Manufactures of Wool entered for Consumption 
in the United States, including both Entries for Immediate Consumption 

\m> Withdrawals from Warehouse for Consumption; also showing the 
amounts of Duty collected duping the Years ending June :w, from 1807 
to 1886, inclusive. 



I ClassNo.l.— Clothing wools. ' Class Xo. 2.— Combing wools. 



Tear ending June 30— 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Amount of 
duty re- 
ceived. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Amount of 
duty re- 
ceived. 




Pounds. 
1, 270, 356 
4,681,679 
2,512,201 
6, 530, 493 
5, 957, 461 

16, 871, 332 
6, 029, 488 
2, 398, U 10 

13,117,079 
8, 643, 366 
9, 291, O'.'O 
9, 916, 012 
5, 229, 987 

26, 785, 172 

20, 609, 707 


Dollars. 
415, COO 
018,51 8 

505,715 
1,248,152 

1, 201, 201 
4, 183, 960 

1, 744, 200 
815, 307 

3, 002, 535 
2,187,713 

2, 202, 639 

2, 431, 013 
1,114,301 
6, 412, 273 
4, 751, 454 

3, 042, 407 
2, 567, 443 
4, 700, 605 
2, 994, 533 

4, 344, 189 


Dollars. 
184,160 
575, 170 
308, 104 
801,834 
733, 275 

2, 200, 896 
771, :jtm 
319, 834 

1,583,119 
1, 080, 078 
1, 173, 362 

1, 273. 479 
647, 340 

3, 512, 896 

2, 599, 686 
1,693,078 
1,444,949 
2,111,279 
1, 357, 102 
2, 437, 049 


Pounds. 

150, 302 
1,804,272 
4,5.;:;, 367 

2, 752. 568 
17, 665, 600 
41, 155, 460 
49, 540, 231 
27, 087, 438 

7,709,157 

3, 107,307 

2, 50!), 054 

3, 028, 869 

1, 709, 601 
13, 266, 856 

4, 421, 491 

2, 318, 671 
1,373,114 
4, 474, 396 
3,891,914 
4, 872, 739 


Dollars. 
31,827 

332,315 

1, 002, 207 

705, 147 

3,167,835 

8,952, J 31 

6, 193, 15ii 

1,15;;, 504 
880,716 
909, 683 
413,701 

3,801,730 

1.271,332 
648, 252 
343, 987 

1, 058, 758 
921, 252 

1, 106, 116 


Dollars. 

PS 213 


1868 


217,079 




:::•_', 153 


1871 


2. lis, 8;;7 
5, 188, 188 


1973 

1874 


3,1.7:;, 744 

052.019 


1876 


483, 536 
360, 191 


1878 


425, 220 
218,412 




1, 783, 362 




585, 500 




13, 489, 923 
11,546,530 
20,, 703, 843 
13, 472, 432 
23, 321, 758 


304, 188 








151,621 




394, 90< 




490, 910 









Class No. 3.— Carpet wools and 
other similar wools. 


Total wools 




Year ending June 30— 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Amount of 
duty re- 
ceived. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Amount of 
duty re- 
ceived. 


1867 


Pounds. 
36, 263, 017 
18, 096, 600 
27, 650, 371 
29, 351, 006 

26, 550, 995 
36, 289, 141 
28, 642, 863 

27, 308, 090 
30, 799, 458 
28, 465, 005 
28,310,411 
26, 856, 280 
33, 163, 054 
50, 320, 412 
42, 385, 769 
47, 208, 175 
40,130,323 
62, 525, 692 
50, 782, 306 
79, 716, 052 


Dollars. 

5, 332, 074 

2, 704, 768 

3, 653, 082 
3,416,024 

3, 335, 638 
6,435,463 
5, 998, 405 
4,603,410 

4, 472, 826 
4, 546, 398 
3, 979, 617 
3, 594, 640 
3, 988, 752 
7, 699, 603 

6, 038, 041 
0, 042, 609 

5, 580, 558 

7, 833, 936 
5, 558, 479 
8, 343, 908 


Dollars. 
1,750,174 
813, 673 
1,088,918 
1, 043, 981 
1, 003, 297 
1, 640, 760 
1,256,545 
1, 070, 904 
1, 096, 721 
1, 223, 594 
1, 124, 443 
1, 015, 007 
1, 100, 524 
2, 077, 959 
1,075,030 
1,857, 4 42 
1,553,498 
1, 960, 025 
1,412,285 
2, 198, 149 


Pounds. 

37, 683, 675 

34, 695, 939 

38, 634, 067 
50, 174, 050 
94,315,938 

84.212,5.-2 
5G, 793, 737 

40, 275, 678 
40, 114,3114 
39,801,161 
40,102,642 
99, 372, 440 
67,416,967 
63, 016, 719 
53,049,967 
87,703,931 
68, 146, 652 
107, 910, 549 


Dollars. 
5,779,510 
3,955,071 
5,261,094 
5, 430, 323 
7,704,674 
P.i. "s . 550 
20,466, 166 
11,611,867 
P>. 228. 022 

7.012,071 

5,51.0,814 
17,913,666 
12,060,827 
10, 333, 358 

8, 491, 988 
13, 598, 200 

0.474.204 

13,794,218 


Dollars. 
1, 958, 547 
1,605,928 




1,980,066 


1870 

1871 


2, 217, 067 

9, 024, 839 


1873 

1874 

1875 


7,846, I5.s 
4, IT". 182 
3,681,899 
2, '87, 208 






1878 

1879 

1880 


2,714,306 
1 , 966, 270 
7,37 4,217 


1881 


4. 800, 816 


1882 

1883 

18>4 


3, 174, 628 

4, 522, 825 




3, 104.201; 


1886 


5, 126, 108 







WOOL AND MANUFACTUBES OF WOOL. 



107 



No. 10.— Summary statement showing the Total Quantities and Values of 
Imported Wools and Manufactures of Wool entered for Consumption 
in the United States, including p>oth Entries for Immediate Consumption 
and Withdrawals from Warehouse for Consumption; also showing the 
amounts of Duty collected during the Years ending June 30, from 1867 
to 1886, inclusive— Continued. 









Manufactures of wool. 








Carpets 
and car- 
peting of 
all kinds. 


1 


All other 
manufact- 
ures. 


Total. 




Cloths. 


Dress 
goods. 


Value. 


Amount of 
duty re- 
ceived. 




Dollars. 

3, 743, 125 
3,516,469 

4, 085, 558 
4,129,207 
4, 932, 089 
5,514,279 
4, 948, 335 
3, 948, 176 
2, 928, 503 
1, 689, 910 
1, 050, 057 

654, 224 
595, 242 
1,313,352 
1, 400, 063 
1, 257, 234 
1, 225, 156 
1, 517, 081 
1, 173, 252 
1, 329, 341 


Dollars. 
10, 545, 096 
6, 883, 957 
6, 222, 924 
6, 412, 503 
9, 187, 365 

12, 887, 288 
16, 635, 679 

13, 598, 446 
11,696,091 

8,904,434 
5, 737, 571 
5, 657, 782 
5, 623, 807 
8. 415, 215 
9, 376, 038 
10, 487, 060 
10, 808, 324 
13, 216, 658 
10, 080, 981 
9, 464, 358 


Dollars. 

20, 356, 635 
16, 868, 362 
18, 280, 490 

18, 044, 982 

21, 651, 423 
24, 071, 832 
23, 119, 433 

22, 363, 759 
22, 330, 018 
16, 255, 100 
14,111,843 
14, 164, 130 

14, 365, 255 
16, 752, 068 

15, 961, 066 

19, 070, 817 
22,619,106 
15, 349, 097 
14, 197, 987 
14, 971, 278 


Dollars. 
11, 101, 894 

5, 892, 329 

6, 223, 605 

6, 509, 782 
7,123,727 
7, 761, 798 

7, 716, 144 
7, 765, 224 
8.673,311 
7, 523, 282 
5, 552. 737 
5, 227, 257 
4, 452, 805 

5, 353, 912 

6, 366, 155 
6, 469, 713 

7, 901, 870 
11,402,036 
10, 724, 485 
14, 771, 532 


Dollars. 
45, 746, 750 
33, 161, 117 
34, 812, 577 
35, 096, 474 
42, 894, 604 
50, 235, 197 
52, 419, 591 
47, 675, 605 
45, 627, 923 
34, 372, 726 
26, 452, 208 
25, 703, 393 
25, 037, 109 
31, 834, 547 
33, 103, 322 
37,284,824 
42, 552, 456 
51, 484, 872 
36, 176, 705 
40, 536, 509 


Dollars. 
24, 268, 531 




1869 


23, 454, 900 






1871 


29,049,157 
33, 004, 894 






27, 886, 340 
27, 282, 178 




1877 


17, 600, 041 






1879 


16,839,064 


If- 80 


21, 864, 153 


1881 


22, 424, 809 




29,146,265 




27, 473, 400 


1885 

1886 


24, 294, 939 
27, 278, 528 







Note.— For fuller details of the data contained in this table see tahles Kos. 4 and 8. 



108 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 11.— Statement showing the Quantity and Value of Domestic Wool 
Exported fbom the United States During each Year from 1846 to 1887; 
the Value of Domestic Manufactures of Wool Exported from 1864 to 
1887, and toe Number ani> Value of Domestic Sheep Exported from 18-'l 
to 1887, inclusive. 



Tears ending- 


Unmanufactured wool. 


Manufact- 
ures of 
wool. 


Sheep. 


September 30— 


Pounds. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 


Number. 

11.117 
6,368 
6,880 

7,421 
9,081 
8, 005 
8, 745 
5,545 
6,846 
15.400 

8, 202 
12,260 
11,821 
10,054 
19, 145 

6, 342 
3,400 
6,698 
6,084 
14, 558 
14, 639 
19, 557 

13,609 
12, 880 

0,464 

9, 254 
10, :33 

0.231 
4. 196 
3, 945 
4,357 
2,968 
3.009 

2, 042 
4. 235 

3, 520 
4,373 

(a) 
(«) 

1(7) 
W 
( S ) 
(-0 
9, 301 
1 5, 1 32 
12,478 

17,902 
(a) 

45, 405 

35,218 
66,717 
124,248 

124,410 
110,312 
179,017 
1.-:;, oo5 
215,680 
209, 137 
1711,010 
130,070 

273. S74 
234, 509 
177,504 
121,701 


Dollars. 
22, 175 










12, 27fi 








































17, en 




























10, 044 


















14, 400 
















































18, 548 


















20, 482 


















30, 698 
38, 892 


















June 30— 
















27, 824 












378, 440 
159, 925 


89, 400 
81, 015 




30, 303 
29, loo 
20, 823 
16,305 










1849 








1851 




18,875 
10, 291 
17, 808 

15. 104 

is .*:;; 




210, 472 

88, 880 

50, 202 

1, 706, 536 

847, 301 

355, 722 

406, 182 

307,418 
558, 435 
441, 387 
152, 892 

25*195 
140,515 

75, 129 

178. 934 
70, 599 
60, 784 
71. 455 
64. 474 
88, 006 

257, 940 


26, 567 

27, 802 
19, 007 

355, 563 

237, 846 

178. 434 

251,721 

130, 857 
191,119 
152,449 
54, 928 
8.7G2 
36,434 
17,624 

62,754 

26, 446 
17,644 
19,217 
22.114 
16,739 
78, 002 




1853 








1855 








1857 , 




49.319 






1851) 








33, 613 

28. 417 


1861 








L863 






139.628 

94, 098 

10 (, «38 
124, 1 59 

212,669 

154,401 
291,887 
340, 7.C! 
331,083 
300, 214 
775, 962 
539, 342 




K7.214 
88, 936 




1807 


1868 


1809 


1870 


1871 


70, 592 

107,008 


1872 


1878 




1875 


1877 


234,480 

333, 499 




1870 




702, 0T> 

1, 154, 856 
BSD, 146 

512.508 

820,844 

U.-.4, 725 


1881 




1883 




1885 




1887 





a Not stated. 
. ^? TE — Prior to 1804 manufactures of wool were not stated separately, but were Included under 
be head of " wearing apparel." 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUKES OF WOOL. 



109 



No. 12.— Prices of wool in the Markets of New York (18i4-1887) axd Phila- 
delphia (1865-1887). 

(See also Appendixes 3Tos. 69 and 70.) 

(a) Price of Fine, Medium, and Coarse Washed Clothing Fleece Wool in the New York 
Market, for the Months of January, April, July, and Ociooer, during each year from 
1824 to 1887, inclusive. 

[From Mauger &. Avery's Annual Wool Circular.] 



January. 



37 

47 
40 
45 
45 
33 
47 
46 
43 
58 
53 
40 
50 
58 
40 
60 
60 
45 
48 
75 
80 
102 
70 



Medi- 
um. 



Cts. 
53 
43 
43 
32 
30 
45 
35 
60 
55 
41 



43 

50 

4G 

46 | 

72 

68 

54 

56 

52 

43 

45 , 

49 
46 
43 
40 



Cts. 

40 



April. 



Medi- 
um. 



Cts. 

46 
42 

46 



Cts. 

55 
50 
37 
37 
48 
46 
60 
75 
50 
61 
60 
63 
70 
52 
46 
57 
45 
50 
43 
35 
45 
40 



July. 



Medi- 
um. 



Cts. 
40 
41 
30 
31 



44 
37 
30 
37 
36 
32 
40 
32 
35 
37 
42 
38 
53 
37 
40 
42 
50 
37 
40 
50 
30 
47 
70 
100 
73 
67 
49 
45 
48 
45 
60 
70 
48 
53 
49 



Cts. 
30 
32 
26 
25 
33 
32 
40 



Medi- 
um. 



Cts. 
40 
42 
37 



110 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



7 * 



a S 
1 1 



lVS 


a 








E 








u 


ptc 


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■~ £ 


a 




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mm 

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= -i .- 



fin: 



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~ S I — I--, r - O 

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233; 



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g i <S ei t 1 , iA 

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tc to l- i- op 

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<n x — x .- 

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g22eU4 



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cl co c^ ?i 58 

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-- = 3 

--"- ^ S5|o = _■_• 






Ii 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



Ill 



17-18 
15-15 

19-20 
17-19 

17-18 
15-16 

17-20 
16-17 
15-15 
14-14 
14-14 

20-23 

20-25 
15-15 
15-20 


3 


17-20 
20-23 
15-17 

18-20 
15-16 
20-22 
16-18 
15-15 

32-33 
30-31 

26-30 
26-28 
23-26 


18-20 

22-25 
20-21 
18-20 
17-17 

22-24 
18-20 
17-17 
16-16 
15-16 

22-25 
27-30 
17-17 
20-25 
16-17 

20-23 
25-28 
18-20 

20-23 
15-17 
23-25 
20-21 
17-17 

40-42 
36-3b 
35-37 

30-33 
30-35 
28-32 


18-25 

24-26 

21-24 
21-22 
19-20 

23-25 

20-22 
19-20 
17-18 
15-16 

25-33 
26-32 

18-22 
20-25 
17-18 

18-25 

25-30 
18-25 

25-28 
20-25 
27-30 
24-25 
18-22 

41-43 

40-40 
35-38 

33-37 
33-35 
28-33 


20-25 

25-28 
20-23 
19-20 
18-19 

23-25 
19-20 
18-19 
17-18 

10-17 

26-30 

27-32 
18-22 
23-28 
16-18 

22-25 
25-30 
20-25 


CO 


oo 

•CM 


45-47 
41-43 
38-40 

34-36 
35-37 
30-34 


to . ■ 

Si: : 




28-32 

23-27 
21-23 
20-21 
17-20 

25-27 
32-35 
22-25 
23-27 
18-20 

23-26 
33-35 
27-30 


C4 


. X 

:3 


48-50 
45-48 
43-4 

35-38 
40-42 
35-38 


oil ; 






mmn 1 
co -s oo 1 






42-44 

40-42 
35-40 

35-38 
34-37 
33-36 


25-3 

20-2 
18-1 
10-1 
15-1 




o 1 1 




22-25 
17-22 
17-18 
15-17 
13-15 




t> t- CO . 

T)«^r t- '• 
CM CM -1 • 






38-42 
35-37 
33-35 

32-35 

30-34 
28-32 


CM 1 1 1 




22-27 

20-21 
19-20 
18-20 
15-17 




2K i 






42-45 
40-42 
30-38 

35-38 
33-35 
30-34 






20-25 
18-20 
17-18 
17-18 
14-16 










38-42 
35-37 
32-35 

28-30 
28-32 
25-30 






30-35 
26-28 
24-20 
23-2o 
19-21 










55-58 
52-55 
50-53 

38-44 
38-44 
38-42 






28-30 
25-27 
22-25 
22-23 
17-20 










55-58 
52-55 
45-52 

45-48 
43-46 
35-42 
















52-52 
50-52 
47-50 

42-46 
40-41 
37-43 




25-2 
21-2 
18-2 
18-2 
16-1 








50-55 
45-50 
40-45 
30-40 
30-35 

43-48 
45-50 
30-40 










78-80 
76-78 
65-75 

63-G6 
60-68 
60-05 






40-48 
38- 4 i 
36-40 
30-40 
30-35 

35-40 
35-40 
20-35 










66-69 
65-66 
62-65 

50-53 
50-54 
50-52 






30-31 

28-30 
20-28 
21-23 
18-20 

27-31 

27-30 
20-22 










50-52 
48-50 
45-48 

37-38 
37-39 
35-37 






33-35 

33-34 
30-32 
25-28 
23-25 

30-36 

30-34 
25-28 










55-58 
52-55 
45-48 

42-45 
42-44 
38-40 






30-32 
28-30 
21-26 
20-23 
21-23 

28-32 
27-30 
20-25 










48-50 
46-48 
45-46 

42-44 
40-44 
38-40 






I UTi 1 i : : 










55-58 
50-55 
45-48 

49-52 
40-44 
35-40 






00 « o o . ... 
• cacsiriH ; ■ • ■ 










: 1T1 5 2 H 






OOfll ■ ■ • ■ 
-* CO CM CM - ■ • • 










68-70 

65-70 

58-60 
55-58 
50-55 


Low 

Coarse carpet 

Medium and fine, choice 


> J: 
= ~- 

ll 
\\ 

If 
So 


Coarso carpet 

NEW MEXICAN. C 

Choice improved 

Average improved 

Coarse, carpet, light, long, staple 

Coarse, carpet, heavy, sandy or very short 
Black 

TEXAS. 

Fine northern and eastern 

Medium northern and eastern 

Coarso northern and eastern 


5 

» : 

:_ 
1 : 

; 

L 


IOWA, NEBRASKA, AND MONTANA, d 

Unwashed, fine, bright 

Unwashed, medium, bright 

Unwashed, coarse, blight 

Dark colored or heavy b 

UTAH AND WYOMING. 


P ' 

\\ 

I*. 

- i 

- ■-=■ 

-_ i 
'. i 

- a 

3f3 


a ; 

p ; 

-2 ■ 

1 i 

\ i 

"i I 

i ~i 

a a 


Unwashed, coarse, carpet 

TUB WASHED. 

Choice selected 

Good 

Fair ordinary 

City merino 

Western super and lambs 



~ 5 

SI 



112 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



& 1 



2 9 



Ph 






c 






X 


O *J 


T 


< 


— a 




!•» 


o o 

OCT 


"= 


j. 


- 1 


5 








§5 


v. w 




— ' 


K-S 


'at 




a* •« 


V 


o 




fj 




S o 


1 



*ig s 



£ ° § 9 



3* 



^ 5 

* 









*» 2 
.i to 



in»*gB 
6 



iiJ.^4 



c - - i r. r, .» to 
i to ro 7i -i Cji co 

: -i> => I- -O => -H 



.. I - - — I - 

^ so co co ro ci 
~ CO t :o 7 i lo 

f CO CO CO CO CJ 



do o «e ■ a o c 

332 ;!J: 

co .- Da oi 71 : 



O 3 t- O [ 



. o — - — ' 



;U2«U .±22 :2%A 

m x :-. :-. 71 co <w CO 



o CO op CO CO 

-r-.u — i - ro c* <e to sa 

TOWN CO 70 CO CO 01 

Q 



cot-mt- o co o •ciom 

11 

71 70 



■AeU 



.stoscr- 
e go in oo -r is 

£ CO CO CO CO 7 1 

o 



C ^ X L0 C ~- CO 77 71 I : 

-0707077, -- 



4-cU.U 






or; io oo :: ee 



(Mcco^r- r-iftOB-coec — ■ -. I ->r-co 

: -* :: -r co 71 c: co to to oi -r -r co ■ CO 7i co 

; » -1 77". -'i iK 1O7-00NC OdlC 



- 7 






ill B 



- •- - _ 

■ _3 111 
■ill 1 J U 



ii 



:- 

1 


"3 


Oentt, 
34-35 
32-83 
33-84 
28-30 
23-25 


30-31 
28-30 

32-83 
28-29 
28-24 


1 - • 7- 7 

1223 




> 9 


. Cento. 
84-36 
83-34 

30-31 

24-20 


30-31 
30-30 
33-31 
89-80 


36-38 
36-38 
32-33 

28-30 

21-25 

31-33 


8E5 

— • -. 




~3 


( entt. 
34-36 

33-34 
31-35 
3D-31 
24-26 


30-31 

30-30 
33-31 
20-30 

28-25 


85-87 

32-33 
28-30 
26-28 

21-25 
31-33 


as 

71 71 


M 

3 
< 


Active 

and 
strong. 


Cents. 
82-85 

31-33 
33-34 
28-30 
22-25 


30-31 
29-30 

33-33 
27-30 

22-25 


35-37 
32-88 

25-27 

30-32 


— --• 
71 71 

C4 CN 


9 


Sorao de- 
mand 
at lower 
prices. 


Cents. 
33-35 
32-33 
34-35 
30-32 
22-25 


• 80-32 

30-3 1 

33-34 
30-81 

•-'2-25 


85-86 

35-37 

82-38 

22-25 

28-30 





is 



- - 1 






81 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 

cosooin 



113 

c'i rl ?4 



13 ^SSSc 



p.00 C5 -^ |^ -^ O O |> 

^CDtD^-tCO CO CO O 






333 



. .n o 






,iJ, 



6 t> ri co 35 

CO 53 O t- in 



,i ,i -'■ 



0»t'(0 -~ O t-OO'* .~ cm to lO O id o c 

c i7T'T "377777 "377 77 7 "? ' 

cot-om fc , t- so m -*r eo . , o o in in ■* oo i 



ih CO : 



cA L i.n 4c!,i .AJ 



: oio o cm 



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132 WOOL AND MANUFACTUKES OF WOOL. 

NO. 13a.— SYNOPSES OF DECISIONS IN CUSTOMS CASES BY THE TREASURY DEPART- 
MENT RELATING TO WOOL AND THE MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. UNDER THE TARIFF 
ACT OF MARCH3, 1883, WHICH WENT INTO EFFECT JULY 1. 1883. 

[Department No. 15, January 26, 1884. | 

(1) Matelass6 cloth, composed of silk arid wool, of which silk is chief value. Held 
to he dutiable at 50 per cent, ad valorem, under paragraph 383 and section 2499 of 
the Revised Statutes. (Letter to collector of customs at Philadelphia, Pa.) 

(2) Wool noils held to be dutiable as washed wools, and not as scoured wools, and 
to be assigned to the class of wools from which the noils are taken. (Letter to col- 
lector of customs at Boston, Mass.) 

(3) Merino trousers, shirts, hose, &c, composed mainly of cotton, having an inte- 
gral part of wool, claimed to be dutiable under paragraph 323, for stockings, &c, 
composed wholly of cotton. Held to be dutiable under paragraph 3G2, for good? 
made in part of wool. (Letter to collector of customs at Chicago, 111.) 

[Department No. 38, March 1, 1884.1 

(4) Zephyr yarns, packed in paper wrappers having labels thereon. Held to be 
dutiable at a valuation which included that of the labels and paper wrappers. (Let- 
ter to collector of customs at Philadelphia, Pa.) 

[Department No. 46, March 15, 1884.] 

(5) Woolen bands which are intended for use as badges of mourning on men's hats 
are not commercially known as "trimmings "for hats, nor are they the materials 
which are used in the manufacture of hats. They are not, therefore, entitled to ad- 
mission at the rate of 30 per cent, ad valorem, as "trimmings for hats." (Letter to 
collector of customs at Philadelphia.) 

[Department No. 59, April 19, 1884.] 

(6) Hats made of Tweed cloth, being composed in part of wool, held not to be duti- 
able as hats of wool, but to be charged with 30 per cent., under paragraph 400, iu ac- 
cordance with the Department's ruling of September 1, 1860. (Letter to collector of 
customs at Boston.) 

[Department No. 63, April 26, 1884.] 

(7) Worsted laces, held not to be dutiable as dress trimmings under paragraph 
368, but to be dutiable under the provision of paragraph 362, for all manufactures of 
every description, composed wholly or iu part of worsted. (Letter to collector of cus- 
toms at New York. ) . 

[Department No. 72, May 10, 1884.] 

(8) The concluding proviso of paragraph 365, relating to women's and children's 
dress-goods, &c, that all such goods weighing over 4 ounces to the square yard shall 
pay a duty of 35 cents per pound and 40 per cent, ad valorem, held to apply only to 
goods composed wholly of wool, worsted, &c, or of a mixture of them, and not to 
those described in the first part of said paragraph, which are composed in part of 
wool, worsted, &c. (Letter to collector of customs at New York.) 

[Department No. 90, June 21, 1884.] 

(9) So-called waste, which is obtained from the thread waste of scoured wool by 
what is known as the garnetiug process, held to be dutiable as wool and not as wool 
waste. (Letter to collector of customs at New York.) 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 133 

[Department No. 136, August 9, 1884.] 

(10) Decision No. 6428, of Jane 28, 1884, does not apply to all hosiery and gloves, 
but only to such gloves as are composed of a cotton exterior and wool lining, the wool 
portion being quite an important feature. Knit goods and all goods made on knit- 
ting-frames are to be classified under paragraph 363, T. I., new. (Letter to collector 
of customs at Philadelphia.) 

(11) The dutiable value of Italian cloths includes the value of the tillots. (Letter 
to collector of customs at New York.) 

[Department No. 143, August 23, 1884.] 

(12) Woolen carpets woven in same manner as Brussels carpets and of the same 
materials, with the exception that a metal thread is introduced at irregular intervals, 
are dutiable under paragraph 371 as Brussels carpets. (Letter to surveyor of customs 
at Cincinnati, Ohio. ) 

[Department No. 146, August 30, 1884.] 

(13) The value of " rollings," which is a process of making up dress-goods in mer- 
chantable condition, is part of the dutiable value of the goods. (Letter to collector 
of customs at Boston.) 

[Department No. 171, November 22, 1884.] 

(14) Woolen or worsted yarns, cut in lengths for the purpose of knitting into 
mats, are dutiable under the provision for yarns in schedule K. The fact that they 
are cut in unusual lengths does not remove them from the category of yarns. (Letter 
to collector of customs at Philadelphia.) 

(15) Silk-and- worsted cloaks, matelass6 cloth, which is a fabric composed of silk, 
wool or worsted, and cotton, are dutiable under the provision for woolen cloaks, at 
the rate of 45 cents per pound and 40 per cent, ad valorem. (Letter to collector of 
customs at New York. ) 

[Department No. 5, January 3, 1885.] 

(16) Mohair noils, fit only for use as carpet-stock, are to be classified under class 
3 of schedule K; when fit for any other purpose they are to be placed in class 2. 
(Letter to collector of customs at Boston.) 

[Department No. 10, January 17, 1885.] 

(17) So-called "Scotch bonnets," consisting of woolen caps, which are partly 
woven and partly knitted, are dutiable at compound rate, under schedule K and not 
under schedule N, T. I, new, 400. (Letter to collector of customs at New York.) 

[Department No. 25, February 14, 1885. J 

(18) Silk and worsted shawls of which silk is a component of chief value, are 
dutiable as manufactures of silk under schedule L, when that rate of duty is higher 
than that imposed by the wool tariff, section 2499, prescribing that when two rates 
of duty are applicable the highest rate shall be exacted. 

[Department No. 28, February 24, 1885.] 

(19) So-called " turbans," made wholly or in part of wool, are dutiable, under 
schedule K, paragraph 363, and not under paragraph 400, at a duty of 30 per cent, 
ad valorem. (Letter to collector of customs at New York.) 

[Department No. 51, April IS, 1885.1 

(20) Cloaks made of worsted cloth, lined with fur, are dutiable under paragraph 
367, schedule K, and are not dutiable as fur cloaks, as claimed by the appellant. 
(Letter to collector of customs at New York.) 



134 WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

[Department No. 54, April 25, 1885. ] 

(21) Textile fabrics, composed of goat's-hair, cotton, and silk, silk being the com- 
ponent of chief value, are dutiable, under schedule K, as manufactures composed 
wholly or in part of the hair of the alpaca, goat, or other auimals, where the duties 
imposed by that schedule are higher than those imposed by schedule L, relating to 
manufactures of which silk is the component of chief value. (Letter to collector of 
customs at New York.) 

[Department No. 58, May 2, 1885.] 

(22) So called "wool-wa8te,"composed of about 50 per cent, of broken tops, laps, 
and slubbings, the balance being fine rovings with a very small percentage of spin- 
ners' waste, the noil having all been combed out, is dutiable according to the charac- 
ter of the wool from which it is taken. This case embraces stock from Australian 
wool, dutiable at 10 cents per pound, when scoured, is liable to a duty of three times 
that rate. (Letter to collector of customs at Boston.) 

[Department No. 71, May 23, 1885.] 

(23) The proviso in schedule K, T. I., new, 365, does not cover "women's and chil- 
dren's dress-goods, coat-linings, Italian cloths, and goods of like description, composed 
in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the alpaca, goat, or other animals," specified in 
the first portion of the paragrapb, and decision 6429 is revoked. (Letter to collector 
of customs at Philadelphia.) 

[Department No. 79. June 6, 1885. J 

(24) Certain wool and worsted panels or screens, with paintings thereon for the 
purpose of ornamentation, are not paintings within the meaning of the law, but are 
dutiable at the rate of 35 cents per pound and 40 per cent, ad valorem, being valued 
at over 80 cents per pound, under schedule K, T. I., new, 362. (Letter to collector of 
customs at New York. ) 

(25) Certain umbrella-cloths, composed of a mixture of worsted and cotton, with 
stripes or borders woven at the sides, which render them fit exclusively for the man- 
facture of umbrellas, are dutiable according to value per pound, under schedule K, 
T. I., new, 363. (Letter to collector of customs at Boston.) 

[Department No. 118, July 25, 1885.] 

(26) Certain so-called " gray China wool," which was returned by the appraiser 
as "China cashmere goat hair," and is known commercially by the latter name, is 
dutiable at the rate prescribed by T. I., new, 358, for " all hair of the alpaca, goat, 
and other like animals." Decision 5743 and any other rulings to the contrary are re- 
voked. (Letter to collector of customs at Philadelphia.) m 

(27) Certain mohair or goat's hair noils are held to be dutiable under the provis- 
ion of T. I., new, 358, for "all hair of the alpaca, goat, and other like animals." 
(Letter to collector of customs at Philadelphia. ) 

(28) Certain "Cheviot britch" wool, erroneously invoiced and entered as carpet 
britch, the product of sheep of mixed English blood, is dutiable under the provision 
of T. I., new, 358, for ' wools of the second class." (Letter to collector of customs at 
Philadelphia.) 

(29) Dress-goods composed of silk and wool, which are provided for under T. I., 
new, 365, for "women's and children's dress-goods, • • • composed in part of 
wool, worsted, the hair of the alpaca, goat, or other animals," are dutiable therean- 
der, notwithstanding the fact that silk may be the component of chief value. (Let- 
ter to collector of customs at New York.) 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL, 135 

[Department No. 124, August 7, 1885.] 

(30) In fixing the value for classification of imported carpet- wools, the cost of 
bags in the foreign country should not be added. (Letter to collector of customs at 
Philadelphia, Pa.) 

(Department No. 129, August 29, 1885.] 

(31) Certain so-called "wool waste," which was found to consist of China cashmere 
goat's hair, from which the long hairs had been combed and which was imported ap- 
parently in a carded condition, is dutiable under paragraph 358, T. I., new, schedule 
K, which provides for " all hair of the alpaca, goat, and other like animals." (Letter 
to collector of customs at New York. ) 

(32) Certain black cattle-hair yarn is dutiable at the rate of 10 cents per pound and 
35 per cent, ad valorem, under the provisions in schedule K, T. I., 363. (Letter to 
collector of customs at New York. ) 

(33) Certain so-calltd moquette, a fabric of worsted and cotton, made of the same 
materials, and by the same process as patent velvet carpets, but which is used.for 
covering seats in railway cars, barbers' chairs, &c, is dutiable at the rate of 35 cents 
per pound and 40 per cent, ad valorem, under the provision in schedule K, T. I., 
new, 363, for " all manufactures of every description, composed wholly or in part of 
worsted." (Letter to collector of customs at Philadelphia.) 

[Department No. 164, October 31, 1885.] 

(34) Certain wool and rubber water-proof cloaks are held to be dutiable at the rate 
of 40 per cent, ad valorem and 45 cents per pound, under the special provision in 
schedule K, T. 1., new, 367, for * * * " cloaks composed wholly or in part of wool." 
(Letter to collector of customs at Philadelphia.) 

(35) Certain wool or hair taken from Angora goat skins, imported from the Cape 
of Good Hope, which was found to consist of a fine quality of combing- wool, was held 
to be dutiable at the rate of 10 cents per pound, being valued at 30 cents per pound or 
less, under the provisions of schedule K, T. I., new, 358 ; for class two, combing 
wools, including "hair of the alpaca, goat, and other like animals." This wool or hair, 
being imported on Angora goat skins, is not entitled to exemption from duty, inas- 
much as under T. I., new, 719, Augora goat skins are only entitled to free entry when 
imported without the wool. (Letter to collector of customs at Philadelphia.) 

[Department No. 167, November 21, 1885.] 

(36) The wool or hair on Augora goat skins from the Cape of Good Hope, when of 
superior character and fineness, cannot be exempted from the payment of duty. 
(Letter to Keen & Coates, Philadelphia. ) 

(37) Wool-tweed caps are not provided for under the clause in Schedule N. T. I., 
new, 400, for "bonnets, hats, and hoods, for men, women, and children," &c, but are 
dutiable at the rate of 40 cents per pound and 5 per cent, ad valorem, under the pro- 
visions in schedule K, T. I., new, 366, for "wearing apparel of every description * 
* * composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted," &c. (Letter to collector of cus- 
toms at. Boston.) 

(38) Wool tops, the product of clothing-wool, which are produced by scouring the 
wool and then passing it in the usual manner through the combing or carding ma- 
chine, are not comprised under the clause for manufactures of worsted, &c, but are 
dutiable at twice the rate prescribed for scoured wools of the clothing class, which, 
in this instance, is 60 cents per pound. (Letter to collector of customs at Boston. ) 

[Department No. J70, November 28, 1885.[ 

(39) Shoes or slippers made of woolen or worsted felt are not outside garments 
within the meaning of that term as used iu schedule K, T. I., new, 267, but come with- 



136 WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

in the purview of the provision in the same schedule, T. I., new, 3G6, for " wearing- 
apparel of every description * * * composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted,'' 
&c, and are dutiable at the rate of 40 cents per pound and 35 per cent, ad valorem. 
(Letter to collector of customs, Toledo, Ohio.) 

[Department No. 179, December 10, 1885.] 

(40) Imported wools which, under the statue, pay duty according to their value 
per pound, are subject to the imposition of the additional (penal) duty prescribed by 
section 2900 of the Revised Statutes, provided the appraiser, on appraisement, returns 
their value at a sum greater by 10 per cent, than the invoice and entered value. | Let- 
ter to collector of customs at New York.) 

[Department No. 3, January 2, 1886] 

(41) Fabrics composed in part of wool, hair of the alpaca, goat, or other animal, 
which are not covered by the special provision in schedule K for women's and chil- 
dren's dress-goods, coat-linings, Italian cloths, and goods of like description, are sub- 
ject to the duty prescribed for such manufactures in paragraphs 362 and 363 of said 
schedule, and not under paragraph 365, as erroneously stated in Department's decision 
of April 24, 1885, synopsis, 68T5. (Letter to collector of customs at Philadelphia, Jan- 
nary 2, 1886. ) 

[Department No. 4, January 9, 1886.] 

(42) Certain carriage-robes or traveling-rugs, manufactured partly of wool and 
partly of hair, are not known commercially by the term " blankets," and are. there- 
fore, not liable to the duties imposed on blankets by schedule K, T. I., new, 868, lml , 
being otherwise unenumerated, are dutiable, according to the value per pound, at the 
rates prescribed in the siad schedule T. I., new, 362, for " all manufactures * 
made wholly or in part of wool." Letter to collector of customs at New York, Jan- 
uary 4, 1886.) 

[Department No. 5, January 16, 1886.] 

(43) Certain skin jackets, lined throughout with wool flannel, are held to be duti- 
able at the rate of 40 cents per pound and 35 per cent, ad valorem, under the provis- 
ion in schedule K, T. I., new, 366, for " wearing apparel of every description * 
composed wholly or in part of wool. (Letter to collector of customs at Baltimore, 
January 15, 1886.) 

[Department No. 11, January 30, 1886.J 

(44) Certain so-called "flannels," which, upon examination, were found to con- 
sist of a fabric known as "muslin delaines," manufactured of worsted, and to be 
women's and children's dress goods, are dutiable under the provisions therefor in 
schedule K, T. I., new, 365. (Letter to collector of customs at New York, January 
27, 1886.) 

[Department No. 26, February 27, 1886.] 

(45) Certain Mexican wool, which, although of very poor qnality, was found to 
consist of a mixture of 24 per cent, of merino or Hrst-class wool, the remaining por- 
tion being carpet or third-class wool, was held to be dutiable, in the condition in 
which imported, as wool of the first class, the statute (schedule K, T. I., new. 
requiring all merino wools or other wools of merino blood, immediate or remote, to 
be classified as such. Where, however, the different classes of wools can be sepa- 
rated for the purpose of classification, the merino portion may lie classified as such 
and the third class, or carpet wools, subjected to the rate of duty prescribed by law 
therefor. (Letter to collector of customs at Corpus Christi. February 27, 1886.) 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 137 

[Department No. 30, March 13, 1886.] 

(46) Worsted "coatings," so called, which, upon examination, are found to he com- 
posed of wool, worsted, and cotton, cannot be classified under paragraph 363, in 
schedule K, act of March 3, 1883, inasmuch as goods composed in part of wool are 
expressly excluded from such classification. (Letter to collector of customs at New 
York, March 10, 1886.) 

[Department No. 40, April 3, 1886.] 

(47) Certain Donskoi wools, which for more than twenty years have been classified 
as washed wools, upon a thorough investigation are held to be entitled to that classi- 
fication. (Letter to collector of customs at New York, March 29, 1886.) 

[Department No. 46, April 24, 1886.] 

(48) Noils (wool or mohair) should be classified the same as the wools from which 
they are made; so that, if the noils come from class one wool, they should be classed 
as cloihing wool, either washed or scoured, as the case may be. If the noils are made 
from class two wool, or hair of the alpaca, goat, or other like animals, they should be 
classed as combing wools, and, if scoured, pay three times the rate to which the wool 
or hair is dutiable in the unwashed condition. If these class-two wools are simply 
wasbed and not scoured, they pay but a single rate of duty. Decision synopsis 1404 
will be considered as modified to accord with these views. (Letter to collector of cus- 
toms at Boston, April 20, 1888. 

(49) Weardale carpets, so called, which are not carpets woven whole for rooms, but 
simply ingrain carpets, intended to be placed as crumb-cloths over carpets for their 
preservation, are dutiable at the rate of 8 cents per square yard and 30 per cent, ad- 
valorem, as two-ply ingrain carpets, under the pro vision therefor in schedule K, T. I., 
new, 375. (Letter to surveyor of customs at Cincinnati, April 21, 1886.) 

[Department No. 61, May 22, 1886.] 

(50) The cost of boards on which woolen dress goods are rolled should be excluded 
in estimating the dutiable value of such goods, inasmuch as such cost is incurred 
after the goods are finished and in putting them up for shipment. (Letter to the 
c ollector of customs at Baltimore, May 19, 1886.) 

(51) The cost of skeining worsted yarns, imported in skeins weighing less than one 
ounce each, is a part of the finishing process of the goods, and cannot be deducted in 
ascertaining the dutiable value of such merchandise. (Letter to collector of customs 
at Boston, May 21, 1886.) 

[Department No. 66, June 5, 1886.1 

(52) Certain wax figures dressed in wool clothing, which latter is firmly fastened 
to the figures so that it cannot be removed without taking the whole to pieces, the 
^egs and arms also being stuffed with wool and cotton, and the feet covered with wool 
socks and shoes, are held to be dutiable at the rate of 35 cents per pound and 35 per 
cent, ad valorem, under the provision in schedule K, T. I., new, 362, for " all manu- 
factures of wool of every description, made wholly or in part of wool, not specially, 
enumerated cr provided for in tbis act." (Letter to collector of customs at Pbila- 
delphia, June 5, 1886.) 

[Department No. 74, June 19, 1886.] 

(53) Snow-white cape wool is admit ed ou all bands to be scoured wool <>f the first 
class, and is, therefore, dutiable at the rate of 30 cents per pound. (Letter to collector 
cf customs at Boston, June 19, 1886.) 



138 WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

[Department No. 88, July 3, 1886.] 

(54) Goat's hair, imported as such, is liable to a duty of 10 cents per pound, with- 
out regard to quality or use for which it may be intended, under the provision in 
schedule K, for " all hair of the * * * goat." (Letter to Henry Schmidt, Phila- 
delphia, July 2, 1886.) ' 

[Department No. 93, July 17, 1880. 1 

(55) Wool-lace dress goods, 41 inches wide, used for women's and children's dresses 
are dutiable, under the provision in T. I., new, 365, for women's and children's dress- 
goods. (Letter to collector of customs at New York, July 8, 1886.) 

(56) Chinese shoes, composed of cotton, leather, pith, &c, having soles about one 
inch in thickness, which are composed largely of hair are dutiable under the provis- 
ion in T. I., new, 366, for wearing apparel of every description, composed wholly or 
in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the alapaca, goat, or other animals. (Letter to 
collector of customs at Chicago, July 8, 1886. 

(57) So-called " fancy zephyrs," or cloth, the body of which is cotton, and which 
js ornamented by being partly covered with tufts of worsted, the worsted adding 
largely to the value of the goods, and which is manufactured for women's and chil- 
dren's dress-goods, is dutiable under the provision for such goods in T. I., new, 365. 
(Letter to collector of customs at Boston, July 14, 1886.) 

[Department No. 133, September 25, 1886.] 

(58) Certain Saxolaine hosiery, found to consist of stockings manufactured partly 
of cotton, but with merino soles, which gives them the distinctive name of " Saxo 
laine," that word being printed on the foot, and the label being marked " medicated 
merino," are held to be dutiable at the rate of 35 cents per pound and 40 per cent, 
ad valorem, under the provision in schedule K, T. I., new, "S3, for ''goods * * * 
composed wholly or in part of worsted, the hair of the alapaca goat, or other ani- 
mals, * * * not specially enumerated or provided for." Such merchandise is ex- 
cluded from classification as cotton hosiery, inasmuch as the provisions for cotton hos- 
iery, T. I., new, 322 and 323, relate to stockings, &c, "composed wholly of col tun. 
( Letter to collector of customs at New York, September 20, 1886. ) 

[Department No. 159, November 20. 1880. ] 

(59) Certain so-called wool "sweepings" and "tags," which consisted of clothing- 
wool which had been picked up on ranges after the winter was over, and from sheep 
which perished during snow-storms, the same being in a very rotten and dirty condi- 
tion, was held to be dutiable at the rate of 10 cents per pound, either as wool -waste, 
under the provisions of schedule K, T. I., new, 361, or as first-class wool, valued nr 
less than 30 cents per pound. (Letter to collector of customs at Portland, Oreg., No- 
vember 11,1886.) 

(60) Wools of different classes, though contained in the same bale or package, may 
be subjected to the rates of duty respectively prescribed for each class, the Depart- 
ment holding that the provisions of section 2912 of the Revised Statutes relate to dif- 
ferent qualities and values of the same classof wool, and not to different classes when 
contained in the same package. (Letter to collector of customs at New York, No- 
vember 12, 1886.) 

[Department No. 104, December 4, 1880.] 

(61) Certain Broch6 carpets, which are found to consist, in fact, of Brussels car- 
pets, in which a portion of the threads have been out to bring out certain figures in 
imitation of the figures in Wilton carpets, are held to be dutiable at the rate of 30 
cents per square yard and 30 per cent, ad valorem, under the provision in schedule K, 
T. I., new, 371, for "Brussels carpets." (Letter to collector of customs at Chicago, 
December 3, 1886.) 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUKES OF WOOL. 139 

[Department No. 168, December 11, 1886.] 

(62) Certain so-called hair-felt, which, upon an analysis of samples, was found to he 
composed of wool and hair, felted, was held to he dutiable at the rate of 35 cents per 
pound and 35 per cent, ad valorem, under the provision in schedule K, T. I ., new, 362, 
for "all manufactures of wool of every description, made wholly or in part of wool." 
(Letter to collector of customs at Chicago, December 9, 1886.) 

(63) King-waste of wool, so called, which consists of refuse from the spindles that 
cannot be utilized without being broken by machinery, whereby the fiber of the wool 
and the use of the article for other purposes than that of waste are destroyed, is held 
to he dutiable at the rate of 10 cents per pound, under the provision in schedule K, 
T. L, new, 361, for "woolen * * * waste." (Letter to collector of customs, Bur- 
lington, Vt., December 10, 1886.) 

[Department No. 8, January 22, 1887.1 

(64) Saddle-bags manufactured in part of Brussels carpet are held to be dutiable at 
the rate of 35 per cent, ad valorem, under the provision in schedule N, T. I., new, 415, 
for "saddlery." (Letter to collector of customs at Portland, Oreg., January 18, 
1887.) 

[Department No. 12, February 5, 1887.1 

(65) Certain so-called " croises," which consist of fabrics composed wholly of worst- 
ed 40 inches wide and weighing about 3 ounces to the yard, and which are commerci- 
ally known as women's and children's dress goods, are held to be dutiable according 
to the value per square yard, under the provision in schedule K, T. I., new, 365. 
(Letter to collector of customs at San Francisco, February 1, 1887.) 

[Department No. 15, February 12, 1887.] 

(66) Certain so-called "gloria" cloth, a fabric composed of silk in the warp and 
worsted in the weft, and intended to be used in the manufacture of women's and chil- 
dren's dresses, is held to be dutiable according to value per square yard, under the 
provision in schedule K, T. I., 365. (Letter to collector of customs at New York, 
February 11, 1887.) 

[Department No. 23, February 26, 1887.] 

(67) Imported wool noils should be classified either as washed or scoured, in ac- 
cordance with the report of the United States appraiser as to the character of each 
particular importation — that is to say, a careful examination should be made of each 
importation, and if, thereupon, the noils are found to consist of what are commercially 
known as scoured wools, they should be classified as scoured ; but if they consist of 
wools which are ordinarily and commercially considered as washed, they should be 
subjected to duty as washed. (Letter to collector of customs at Boston, February 25, 
1887.) 

[Department No. 40, March 26, 1887.] 

(68) Bath robes and slippers, composed of cotton and Turkish toweling, elabo- 
rately and expensively embroidered with worsted, are dutiable as wearing apparel in 
part of worsted, under T. L,366. (Letter to collector of customs at Boston, March 
22, 1887.) 

(69) So-called "horse-clothing," consisting of hoods and bandages for the legs, 
composed of wool, is dutiable, under T. I., 362, as "manufactures * * * made 
wholly or in part of wool," not being otherwise specially enumerated or provided 
for. (Letter to collector of customs at Chicago, March 24, 1887.) 

[Department No. 43, April 2, 1887.] 

(70) Certain fabrics called "worsted veilings", which upon investigation were 
found to be mauufactured exclusively of wool and known and used almost exclusively 



140 WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

for women's and children's dress goods, -were held to be dutiable according to value 
per square yard, under the provision in schedule K, T. I., 365, for " women's aud 
children's dress-goods, * * * and goods of like description, composed in part of 
wool, worsted, the hair of the alpaca, goat, or other animals." (Letter to collector 
of customs at New York, March 28, 1887.) 

[Department No. 52, April 30, 1887.] 

(71) Where different classes of wools are imported in the same package, no neces- 
sity exists for an actual assorting of such classes unless a correct classification of the 
different classes cannot be determined except by a separation and assortment of each 
class. 

(72) Certain woolen fabric known as "saddle-felt," which may be used to a cer- 
tain extent in the manufacture of saddles, is not entitled to classification under the 
provision in schedule N, T. I., 415, for "saddlery," but is dutiable (inasmuch as it is 
valued at over 80 cents per pound) at the rate of 35 cents per pound and 35 per cent, 
ad valorem, under the provisiou in schedule K, T. I., 3G2, for " all manufactures of 
wool of every description, made wholly or in part of wool." (Letter to collector of 
customs at Chicago, April 22, 1887.) 

[Department No. 54, May 7, 1887.1 

(73) Charges on invoices for shrinkage on wool tidies and coatings form an element 
of dutiable value of the goods, inasmuch as it is ascertained that shrinking is essen- 
tial to the purpose of preparing the goods for use. (Letter to surveyor of customs at 
Louisville, Ky., May 2, 1887.) 

[Department No. 67, June 4, 1887. | 

(74) Webbings composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the alpaca, 
«fcc, although intended for use as saddle-girths, are held not to be covered by the 
term "saddlery," in schedule N, T. I., 45, but to be dutiable at the rates prescribed 
by schedule K, T. I., 368, for "webbing" composed of the materials mentioned. (Let- 
ter to collector of customs at Chicago, May 27. 1887.) 

(75) Merino hose composed in part of wool, the wool having been sifted in during 
the process of knitting the threads, which are composed of cotton, are held to be duti- 
able under the provisions in schedule K, T. L, 362, for all manufactures made wholly 
or in part of wool, according to value per pound. (Letter To collector of customs at 
Chicago, June 2, 1887.) 

(76) Certain fabrics, commonly known as " Novelty Scotch Flannels," composed of 
cotton warp and wool tilling, which are generally known to the trade, both in this 
country aud iu Scotland, where manufactured, as flannels, are held to be dutiable at 
the rates specially prescribed for "flannels" composed wholly or iu part of worsted, 
iu schedule K, T. I., 3(33, and not as women's aud children's dress-goods, under the 
further provision in the same schedule, T. I., 365. (Letter to collector of customs at 
Boston, June 3, 1887.) 

(77) Following the decision of March 29, 1886 (synopsis 7438), it is held that l'us- 
sian (Douskoi) wool of the third class, which has been subjected to no other or differ- 
ent process of cleaning than the wool covered by said decision, is not liable to the 
duty prescribed by the tariff act for scoured wool, but is dutiable as washed wool of 
the class mentioned. (Letter to collector of customs at New York, June 3, 18BT. | 

[ijepartment No. £5, July 1G, 1887.] 

(78) Certain so-called " thread waste," which consists of a waste of worsted in the 
condition in which it is dropped from or is broken on the machine, ami which, when 
broken up and put through the garneting machine, becomes practically wool, and, 
as such, is used in adulterating other wools in making cloths, dress-goods, &e., is held 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 141 

to be dutiable at the rate of 10 cents per pound, under the provision in schedule K, T. 
L, 361, for " woolen rags, shoddy, mungo, waste, and flocks." (Letter to collector of 
v.ustoiusat Philadelphia, July 13, 1887.) 

[Department No. 95, August 20, 1887. ] 

(79) Certain so-called " dentelle " goods, composed of woolen lace, certain threads 
•of which have been wrapped with silk, are dutiable under the provision in the first 
class of T. I., 365, for "women's and children's dress-goods," composed in part of 
wool, &c. (Letter to collector of customs at Philadelphia, August 16, 1887.) 

[Department No. 100, September 3, 1887.] 

(80) Certain so-called "sliped" wool, which is ascertained to consist of "cross- 
bred lamb's wool — that is, coming from sheep which are a cross between English and 
Merino blood — is held to be in a condition not advanced beyond washed wool, and, 
consequently, is liable to the duty imposed by law on wools of that class. (Letter to 
collector of customs at San Francisco, September 1, 1887.) 

(81) Where wools are purchased in a foreign country by regular commission mer- 
chants at the order of merchants in the United States, which purchase was made 
by the commission merchants in the due and ordinary course of their business, 
the invoices therefor may be declared to by the said commission merchants, who, in 
the opinion of the Department, are, under such circumstances, the shippers of the 
wool, and as such entitled under the law to declare to the invoices before the United 
States consular officers. (Letter to the Secretary of State, September 2, 1887.) 

[Department No. 102, September 10, 1887.] 

(82) Certain cork soles, which, upon inspection of samples, are found to consist of 
manufactures of cork and wool, wool being a leading and important feature thereof, 
were held to be dutiable at the rate of 35 cents per pound and 35 per cent, ad valorem 
under the provision in schedule K, T. I., 362, for "all manufactures of wool of every 
description, made wholly or in part of wool," &c. (Letter to collector of customs at 
New York, September 7, 1887.) 



142 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 14.— Statement showing tue Number of Establishments, Capital Un- 
vested, Number of Hands Employed, Wages Paid, Cost of Materials Used, 
and Value of Products of the Manufacture of Worsted and Woolen 
Goods in each State and Territory of the United States for the years 
1850, 1860, 1870, AND 1880. 

[From the official Reports of the United States Census.] 



States. 


Establishments. 


Capital invested. 


1850. 


1860. 


1870. 


1880. 


1850. 


1860. 


1870. 


1880. 




No. 


No. 
6 


No. 
14 
13 
5 
114 
11 
1 
46 
109 
175 

". 

125 
2 

108 
31 

220 
54 
10 
11 

156 
79 
34 
1 

259 
52 

225 
9 

488 
76 
15 

148 
20 
15 
66 
68 
74 
65 


No. 
14 
25 
» 

m 


Dollarg. 


Dollars. 
140, 000 


Dollar*. 

22, 375 

32, 500 

1, 785, 000 

12, 991, 000 

3*4, 500 

500 

936, 585 

2, 962, 443 
3, 821. 913 
1, 440, 484 

96,000 

700,449 

34, 000 

4, 187, 745 

205, 245 

23, 472, 900 

1,011,050 

246, 600 

195,250 

716,524 

5, 316, 600 

1,369,200 

65,000 

10,199,482 

237, 800 

3, 066, 069 
389, 200 

17, 588, 913 

10, 467, 500 

25, 900 

373, 868 

97,250 

223, 400 

2, 330, 900 

435, 375 

236, 100 

1, 244, 289 


Dollarg. 

28,900 

85,550 

1, 676, 500 

14,221,037 

352, 559 










i 

84 

4 




100, 000 

2,491,000 

117, 000 




149 
8 


3, 773, 950 
148, 500 










3 
16 
33 

1 


11 

21 
79 
12 


32 
67 
86 
37 
5 
98 


68, 000 
154, 500 
171, 545 

10,000 


242, 500 
207, 600 
264,341 
82,500 


180, 733 




1,433,353 
2,818,706 














25 


37 
1 
26 
27 
136 
16 


249, 820 


408, 500 
75,000 
932, 400 
318, 200 
11, 023, 953 
103, 950 


890,750 






36 

119 
15 


97 
16 
271 
50 
14 


467, 600 

244, 000 

9, 089, 342 

94,000 


4, 016, 828 




344. 01U 




38,231,375 




Tim;, 188 




188,600 






4 
11 
52 
35 


8 
102 




75, 500 

103, 750 

2,621,300 

583, 400 




1 
61 
41 


20. 000 






85 2, 437, 700 
45, 494, 274 


8, 374, 855 
3, 795, 695 








249 

1 

130 


140 
7 

115 
1 

270 

1 

1 
2 


264 4,459,:;70 
49, 18, 000 

146 870, 220 
10 


3, 115, 700 

223, 000 

658, 750 

70, 000 

4, 339, 310 

3, 168, 500 

50, 000 

6,000 

60,000 


23, 583, 574 




208, Mo 




1,570,340 
560, 800 






380 


654 
62 
11 

106 

1 
11 
50 
48 
56 
52 

1 


3, 005, 064 
1, 013, 000 


35, 642, 016 




13,022,110 
7,900 






1 


10, 900 
8,000 


418,664 




97,500 




2, 812, 161 




72 
121 


46 
45 


886, 300 
392, 640 

" "31," 225 


1, 746, 300 
463, 600 




456,750 




298, 170 
1, 359, 964 








100,600 




40, 000 




1 






700 


















1,559 


1,263 


2,993 


2,689 


28, 118, 650 


34, 092, 654 


108, 910, 369 


159,091,869 





Note.— The statistics for 1870 do not inclnde the manufacture of hats. This industry comprised, in 
1880,43 establishments, a capital of $3,615,830; employed 5,470 hands and paid $1,893,215 for wages; 
used materials valued at $4,785,774, and produced hats to the value of $8,516,569. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



143 



No. 14. — Statement showing the Number of Establishments, Capital In- 
vested, Number of Hands Employed, Wages Paid, Cost of Materials Used, 
and Value of Products of the Manufacture of Worsted and Woolen 
Goods in each State and Territory of the United States for the years 
1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880.— Continued 

[From the official Reports of the United States Census.] 



Hands employed. 



1850. 1860. 1870 



"Wages paid. 



1850. 1860. 



Alabama. 



California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

Kew Mexico 

New York 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia , 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Washington 

District of Columbia . 



Totals 



60 

3,767 

114 



437 
60 
1,027 
381 
14, 277 
126 



25 
2,12' 



235 

70 
2,588 



6,674 

30 

1,201 



1,758 

"ii 



4, 220 

253 

728 

30 

6, 

4,229 
92 
10 
43 



1,393 
668 



2,073 
494 



No. 
41 
31 
65 
7,66 
3S 

1 

563 

1 

2,469 

1,088 

91 

683 

29 

3,104 

327 

25, 825 

667 

146 

116 

718 

4,911 

1,375 

20 

9,063 

249 

2,329 

16, 632l 

,894 

53 

428 
100 

H 10 



No. 
18 
90 
835 
12, 024 
261 



Dollars. 
34, 116 



1, 239, 702 
31, 251 



27, 5G4 



142 
1,749 
2,025 
505 
124 
823 



19, 615 63, 348 

40, 849 44, 044 

57, 035' 150, 276 

936! 23, 652 



55,~267 



6,870 

230, 200 

2, 981, 070 

115,137 



Dollars. 
3,037 
13,226 
334, 318 



108, 504 



1, 

241 

218 

807 

7, 352 

5,142 



128, 310! 

72, 746 

2, 545, 350! 

27, 284} 



103, 284 
6, 720' 
263, 216i 
86,712: 
3, 324, 405l 
30, 672 



6,540 
463, 427' 
174, 643 



22, 620 
19, 728j 
670, 142: 
203,136 



24, 286 

185 

2,177 

216 

42, 261 

12, 164 

13 

402 

36 

277 

2,467 



1. 361, 727 

4,500 

257. 215 



1, 084, 674: 
385, 616 



3,323 

1,920 



60, 0361 

179,160 
16, 200[ 
1, 410, 324 
1, 069, 176 
11,400 
2,472 
7, 



214, 572 
106, 692 



, 397, 307 10, 153, 938 31, 246, 432 



122, 138 

535,185 

726.113 

269, 432 

30, 682 

159, 373 

8,900 

1, 065, 151 

82, 019 

8, 976, 764 

202, 813 

45, 592 

28, 800 

137, 408 

1, 733, 164 
432, 642 

2, 000 

2, 891, 926, 

39, 1011 

574, 164! 

112,213! 

5, 736, 9621 

2, 862, 492J 

3,815 

62, 780 

20, 278 

48, 040 

649, 628 

58, 765 

59, 828 
230, 106 



25, 070 
388, 610 
487, 381 
118,252 

25, 825 
166, 189 



1,1 



,329 
69, 491 
11, 635, 889 
168, 564 
48, 927 
53, 100 
129, 177 

2, 237, 736 
1, 392, 515 

"7, 225," 256 
23, 195 
374, 472 
86, 088 

12,338,157 

3, 711, 657 

1,173 
67, 063 
25, 700 
68, 108 
645, 175 
71, 720 
44, 861 
218, 357 
4,000 



Note.— The statistics for 1870 do not include the manufacture of hats. This industry comprised, in 
1880, 43 establishments, a capital of $3,615,830 ; employed 5.470 hands and paid $1,893,215 for wages; 
used materials valued at $4,785,774, and produced hats to the value of $8,516,569. 



144 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 14.— Statement showing the Number of Establishments, Capital In- 
vested, Number of Hands Employed, Wages Paid, Cost of Materials Used, 
and Value of Products of the manufacture of Worsted and Woolen 
Goods in each State and Territory of the United States for the years 
1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880— Continued. 

[From the official Reports of the United States Census. 1 





Cost of materials used. 


Value of product*. 




1850. 


1860. 


1870. 


1880. 


1850. 


1860. 


1870. 


1880. 




Dollars. 


Dollars. 
80, 790 


Dollars. 

57, 338 

55, 982 

608, 141 

11,351,425 

392, 614 

150 

268, 176 

1,701,323 

2,084,315 

998, 073 

86, 105 

831,628 

19, 047 

4,013,759 

233, 924 

30, 539, 366 

659, 700 

108. 540 

79, 566 

849, 313 

6, 342, 740 

1, 507, 256 

12,775 


Dollars. 
49, 361 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 
191,474 

"156*666 

6, 840, 220 

153, 035 


Dollars. 

89,998 

78, 690 

1,102,754 

17,962,04,8 

576, 067 


Dollars. 
63, 745 

127,430 






85, 972 




California 

Connecticut ... 
Delaware 


3, 325,709 
204, 172 


50, 000 

4, 043, 124 

75, 807 


14,742; 091 '(";,' 4 fi.V'Jio 
448, 285 251, 000 


24. 866, 729 

005, 268 


Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 


30, 392 

115, 367 

120, 486 

3,500 


260. 475 
110,462 
352, 362 
67, 293 

"5l"6,'902 

31,300 

1, 003, 366 

267, 355 

13, 836, 475 

69, 010 


165, 065 88, 750 
1, 623, 693 206, 572 
1, 926, 670i 215, 802 

437, 3011 13. 000 


464,420 
187, 613 
649, 771 
127, 640 


471,523 
2, 849, 249 
4,329,711 
1,047,00' 

153, 150 
1,312,458 


239, 390 
2, 380, 584 
2, 887, 547 

082, 81 2 




107, 251 
852, 405 




211 526 


Kentucky 


205, 287 


318, 819 


845, 226 


1, 264, 988 




495, 940 

165, 568 

8, 671, 671 

43, 402 


4, 444, 990 1 753, 300 

382.224 295,140 

41,677,91912,770,565 

583, 241 90, 242 

160,867 




6. 90". 003 


Maryland 

Massachusetts. 
Michigan 


605,992 427,590 599,028 
21,657,105 47,7x3,083 67,451,805 
139, 246 1, 204, 868 






119,849 

56, 745 

2, 739, 553 

548, 578 


211,646 

723, 286 

7, 854, 955 

4, 117, 035 






Missouri 

N. Hampshire . 
New Jersey — 


16, 000 

1, 267, 329 

548, 367 


50, 000 143, 025 
2, 127, 745| 4, 301, 653 
1, 164, 446. 1, 085, 104 


1,256,213 1,016,961 

111-213,520 13,220, 85(1 
2,422,805 6,829,074 


New York 

North Carolina. 


3, 838, 292 
13, 950 
£78, 423 


3, 424, 614 

151,005 

476, 833 

27, 000 

4, 427, 138 

4, 070, 224 

60, 000 

5,225 

25, 980 

"i,*662,650 
389, 204 


8, 629, 516 

166, 497 

2, 119, 869 


19,550,793 7,030,604 5,870,117 

255, 707 23, 750 291, 000 

1.395.512 1.111.027 R9B 000 


14, 033, 180 34, 978, 287 

298,638, 303,160 

3,467,099 2,198,264 

50B BS7 549. 030 




227, 595 227, 480 85, 000 


Pennsylvania.. 
Rhode Island . . 


3, 282, 718 
1, 463, 900 


22,390,853143,604,468 5,321,866 8,191,675 35.403,024 67. 821,397 
9,8-^6,158 13,094,050 2,381,825 6,915,205 15,304,067 21,624,204 


Tennessee 


1,675 
10, 000 


503,7371 423,0.54 6,310 8,100 


090, 84 1 020, 724 
152,908 80,500 




98,2721 147 296 




Vermont 

Virginia 

"West Virginia . 
Wisconsin 


830, 684 
488, 899 


1, 955, 972 
317, 800 
307, 051 
687, 368 


2, 372, 4S8 
383, 080 
247, 543 
901,918 
52, 000 


.. 

1,579,161 2,938,626 
841,013 717,827 


3,644,459 3,813.077 
488, 352 577, 90S 


32, 630 


85, 743 


87, 992 172, 720 


1,250,407 


70,000 




1,630 






2,400 


















Total.... 


25, 755, 991 


39, 029, 002 110, 740, 799 164, 371, 551 43, 207, 545 65, 596, 364 

1 1 i 


177, 495, 689 267, 252. 913 



NOTE.— The statistics for 1870 do not include the manufacture of hats. Thisiiidustrr compris. -d. In 
1880, 43 establishments, a capital of $3,615,830; employed 5,470 hands and paid $1,893,215 for wages; 
used materials valued at $4,785,774, and produced hats to the value of $8,516,569. 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTUKES OF WOOL 



157 



No. 17.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of the Materials 
used in, and the quantities of the various products, with their total 
Values, of the Manufacture of Woolen Goods, Worsted Goods, Felt 
Goods, Hats, Carpets, Hosiery and Knit Goods, in the United States dur- 
ing the year ending May 31, 1880. 

[From the official Report of the United States Census.] 

WOOLEN GOODS. 



Materials used in.manufacture. 



Foreign wool, in the condition purchased 

Domestic wool, in the condition purchased do... 

Scoured wool (not including waste purchased and shoddy) do... 

Camels' hair and noils do... 

Mohair and noils do... 

Buffalo hair and noils do. . . 

Hair of other animals do. . . 

Cotton used on cards do... 

Shoddy used, or waste, not including that made in mill do . . . 

Cotton warp used on woolen goods do. . . 

Cotton warp used on worsted goods do... 

"Woolen yarn used, not made in mill do... 

Worsted yarn used, not made in mill , do... 

Value of chemicals and dyestuffs 

Cords of wood number. 

Coal tons. 

Value of all other materials used 

Total value of all materials 



Quantity. 



20, 482, 667 

177, 042, 288 

109, 724, 213 

1, 234, 064 

84, 080 

556, 601 

3, 940, 923 

24, 744, 964 

46, 583, 983 

17, 550, 212 

3, 517, 580 

1, 485, 999 

2, 495, 050 



142, 250 
359, 769 



67, 



. 



332, 419 
50, 837 
25, 284 

212, 762 

3, 395, 569 
7, 014, 100 

4, 374, 985 
897, 211 
872, 023 

3, 139, 746 
4, 758, 498 
371,236 
1, 461, 467 
6, 559, 224 
100, 845, 611 



Blankets pairs. 

Horse blankets number. 

Carriage robes do. . - 

Cloths, cassimeres, doeskins.diagonal, 

and suitings yards. 

Beavers and overcoating do . . . 

Horse clothing do... 

Blanketing do... 

Cloakiug do. . . 

Felted cloth do . . . 

Coverlets number. 

Flannels yards. 

Jeans do... 

Kersey do . . . 

Linsey do... 

Waterproof cloaking "nd repellants, 

yards 

Sati nots yards . 

Tweeds do... 

Shawls number . 

Cashmerettes yards. 

Balmorals dozen . 

Cotton yarn pounds . 

Woolen vara do... 



Quantities. 



1, 083, 671 

1, 114, 827 

58, 485 

73, 440, 525 

7, 095, 924 

616, 157 

22, 393 

1, 359, 296 

129, 904 

1, 330, 066 
70, 923, 196 
29, 538, 959 

2, 579, 374 

4, 781, 007 

5, 838, 297 
16.629,116 

2,035,015 
1, 242, 979 
1, 557, 537 
144, 900 
1, 420, 968 
25, 581, 217 



Woolen rolls pounds.. 

Cottonades yards.. 

Dress goods do 

Cashmere do 

Worsted coatings do 

Worsted overcoatings do 

Worsted dress goods do 

Alpaca do 

Buntia g do 

Worsted suitings do 

Worsted ehawls number. . 

Binding yards.. 

Worsted yam pounds.. 

Beps yards.. 

Lining do 

Ingrain carpets, 2-ply do 

Ingrain carpets, 3-ply do 

Bag carpets do 

Girthen carpets do 

Value of all products not heretofore 
named 

Value of production at wholesale 



Quantities. 



3, 541, 429 


1, 821, 600 


4, 771, 140 


2,919.050 


1, 082, 236 


492, 331 


11, 275, 884 


3, 351, 701 


355, 000 


914, 587 


83, 612 


63, 520 


2, 238, 076 


1, 957, 050 


50, 000 


169, 555 


700 


6,800 


820 


$3,058,616 


160, 606, 721 



WORSTED GOODS. 



Materials used in manufacture. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Foreign goods, in the condition purchased 

Domestic wool, in the condition purchased .- 

Scoured wool (not including waste purchased and shoddy) 

Camel's hair aDd noils 


pounds.. 

do... 

do... 

do... 


15, 687, 811 

25,461,515 

26, 334, 635 

207, dU5 

31. 598 

519 

1, 757, 842 

. 190, 800 

262,000 

5, 086, 952 


Dollars. 

1 15, 235, 878 

40, 341 
19, 458 
237 
211,293 
31,300 
80, 062 
1, 505, 989 


Hair of other animals 

Cotton used on cards 

Shoddy used, or waste, not including that made in mill 

Cotton warp used on woolen goods 

Cotton warp used on worsted goods 


do.... 

do ... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 



158 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 17. — Quantities and Values of Materials used in manufacture, &c., in 
1880— Continued. 

WOORSTED GOODS— Continued. 



Materials used iu manufacture. 



Quantities. 



Woolen yarn used, not made in mill... 
Worsted yarn used, not made in mill. 

Value of chemicals ant I dyestuffs 

Cords of wood 

Coal 

Value of all other materials useda 

Total value of all materials 



.pounds. 
. .. do... 



416, 574 
2, 100, 532 



.number.. 
... tons. 



2,132 

72, 77!) 



271, 25.-. 

2, 418, 086 

505, COO 

6,407 

808,421 

1,319,151 

22,013,828 



Coatings yards . 

Dress goods do.. 

Upholstery goods do.. 

Alpaca do.. 

Serges do . . 

Picture cord pieces. 

Terry yards. 

Bunting do.. 

Suitings do. . 

Worsted shawls number. 

Italian cloths yards. 

Braiding or braids dozen. 



Quantities. 



2, 875, 

<;;;. s:;:;, 

205, 

1, 000, 
530, 
250, 
214, 

2, 230, 
362, 
574, 

1,357, 
2, 612, 



Quantities. 



Rep yards.. 

Tapestry do. . . 

Elastic frills do... 

Worsted yarn made and sold, not 

used at mill pounds.. 

Lastings yards . . 

Noils, shorts, &o pounds.. 

Cloakings yards.. 

Value of all products not heretofore 

named 

Value of production at wholesale . . 



9,000 
329, 000 
105, 000 

9, 650, 000 
910, 553 

4, 238, 205 
16, 107 



8965,512 

33, 549, 942 



a Including 5,000 pounds silk yarn, value $23,500 ; 20,000 pounds shoddy yarn, value $10,000. 
FELT GOODS. 



Materials used in manufacture. 



Quantities. Values. 



Foreign wool, in the condition purchased 

Domestic wool, in the condition purchased 

Scoured wool (not including waste purchased and shoddy) . 

Camel's hair and noils 

Buffalo hair and noils 

Hair of other auimals 

Cotton used on cards 

Shoddy used, or waste, not including that made iiMnill 

Value'of chemicals and dyestuffs 

Cords of wood 

Coal 

Value of all other materials used 

Total value of all material 



■pounds. 

do... 

....do .. 
....do .. 
...do... 
....do... 



709, 067 
4,284,806 
2,733,796 

70, 000 

71,000 

1,657,0 o 

1,181,500 
2, 406, 849 



4, 624 
14,915 



Dollars. 

1, 624, 871 

7,500 
5,840 
40,010 
114,660 
383, 267 
160,821 

13,878 

6:;, 559 
126,204 

2, 530, 710 



Products. 


Quanti- 
ties. 


Products. 

1 


Quanti- 
ties. 


Cloths, cassimeres, and doeskins ..yds.. 

Beavers and overcoatings do. . . 

Felt skirtings .do... 

Rubber shoe linings do... 

Felt cloths- ? do... 


275, 000 

336, 160 

3, 093, 600 

1, 688, 880 

1, 642, 485 

65, 800 

23, 500 


Trimming and lining felts yds. . 

Table and piano covers do 

Hair felting feet. . 

Value of all products not heretofore 


205, 208 

60, 979 

1, 262, 950 


$258, 084 
3, 619, 352 


Saddle felts do... 


i Value of production at wholesale 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



159 



No. 17.— Quantities and Values of Materials used in Manufacture, &c, in 
1880— Continued. 

WOOL HATS. 



Materials used in manufacture. 



Foreign wool in the condition purchased 

Domestic wool in the condition purchased ".. do 

Scoured wool (not including waste purchased and shoddy) do 

Camels' hair and noils do 

Buffalo hair and noils do 

Cotton used on cards do 

Shoddy used, or waste, not including that made in mill do 

Value of chemicals and dyestuifs 

Cords of wood number.. 

Coal tons.. 

Value of all other materials used 

Total value of all materials 



Quantities. 



, 864, 139 
, 107, 471 
, 597, 279 
3,911 
7,436 
185, 400 
, 368, 562 



296 

30, 227 



2, 644, 293 

1,875 

3,615 

21, 870 

370, 963 

173, 040 

1,478 

109, 507 

1, 459, 133 

4, 785, 774 



Cloths, cassimeres, and doe-shins, 

yards. 

Wool hats dozen. 

Pelt linings yards. 

Saddle felt do. . . 

Felt skirts do. . . 



Quantities. 



1. 391, 862 

8,194 

109 

3,176 



Quantities. 



Straw hats dozens . 

Value of all products not hereto- 
fore named 

Value of production at wholesale . 



$153, 218 
8, 516, 569 



CARPETS OTHER THAN RAG. 



Materials used in manufacture. 



Quantities. 



Foreign wool in the condition purchased pounds . . 

Domestic wool in the condition purchased do 

Scoured wool (not including waste purchased and shoddy) do 

Camels' hair and noils *. do 

Mohair and noils do 

Buffalo hair and noils do .. 

Hair of other animals do 

Shoddy used, or waste, not including that made in mill do 

Cotton warp used do 

Woolen yarn used, not made in mill do 

Worsted yarn used, not made in mill do 

Value of chemicals and dyestuifs 

Coids of wood number.. 

Coal tons 

Value of all other materials used (a) 
Total value of all materials 



, 008, 252 

, 029, 318 

, 563, 216 

46, 300 

4,000 

30, 840 

65, 700 

90, 469 

, 544 214 

, 985, 1G2 

, 091, 115 



Dollar*. 

6, 975, 129 

8,808 
700 
2, 352 
5,250 
12, 442 

1, 799, 646 

2, 597, 182 

2, 858, 199 
1, 369, 439 

3,899 
259, 581 

3, 092, 248 
18, 984, 877 



Products. 


Quantities. 


Products. 


Quantities. 


Brussels carpet yards. . 

Ingrain carpet, 2-ply do 

Ingrain carpet, 3-ply do 

Venetian carpet do 

Tapestry carpet do 

Velvet carpet do 

Wilton carpet do 

Asminster carpet do 

Cottage carpet do 

Dutch carpet do 

Rag carpet do 

Druggets number . . 


4, 077. 190 

21, 986, 434 

862, 394 

I, 984, 201 

9,441,195 

60, 000 

157, 629 

303, 366 

241, 220 

12, 000 

157, 005 

40, 000 


Rugs number. . 

Noils, shorts, &c pounds . . 

Eastings yards.. 


47, 530 
288, 614 
167, 452 

55, 748 


Worsted yarn made and sold, not 
used at mill . . pounds.. 

Woolen yarn made and sold, not 
used at mill pounds.. 

- Value of all products not heretofore 

named 

Value of production at wholesale . . 


1, 134, 143 
1, 265, 240 


$334, 181 
31, 692, 802 



a Including 6,559,550 pounds shoddy yarn, value $559,133. 



160 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 17.— Quantities and Values of Materials used in Manufacture, &c, in 
1880 — Continued. 

HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS. 



Materials used in manufacture. 



Quantities. 



Foreign wool in the condition purchased 

Domestic wool in the condition purchased 

Scoured wool (not including waste purchased and shoddy) 

Camels' hair and noils 

Mobair and noils 

Buffalo hair- and noils 

Merino yarn used 

Cotton used on cards 

Shoddy used, or waste, not including that made in mill. .. 

Cotton warp used 

Cotton yarn used 

Woolen yarn used, not made in mill 

"Worsted yarn used, not made in mill 

Value of chemicals and dyestuffs 

Cords of wood 

Coal - 

Value of all other materials used 

Total value of all materials.. 



-pounds. 

do... 

....do... 
....do... 



do. 



448, 758 

8, 146. 137 | 

5, 927, 692 

21,778 

40, 000 

5, 150 

67, 561 

20,131,151 

1, 523, 263 

279, 950 

8,074,137 

3, 753, 566 

760, 266 



.number. 
tons. 



8.344 
42, 9o0 



Dollar g. 
3,821,183 

10, 846 

io, o '0 

518 

22, 970 

2,489,788 

06, 025 
1,991,749 

768, 803 

631,000 

28, no 

181,253 

2, 104, 800 

15,210,851 



Products. 


Quantities. 


Products. 


Quantities. 




...dozens.. 


288,111 


Nubias dozens-. 


72,050 




do.... 


1,216,274 


Ulsters do 


12, 389 




do.... 


627, 234 


Shawls do 


49, 545 




do.... 


2, 653, 099 


Fancy knit goods do ... 




Cotton hosiery 


do.... 


2, 491, 213 


Yarn, worsted and woolen. .pounds . . 


25. 000 




do.... 


2,671,712 


Yarn, woolen do 


195, 000 


Leggins 


do.... 


41, 683 


Sacques dozens . . 


925 


do.... 


48, 4G2 


Boot and shoe lining yards.. 


453, 350 




do.... 


199, 889 
43, 310 


Waists dozens.. 

Coverlets number.. 


2,800 




do... 


1,660 




do.... 


64, 830 
47, 178 


Skirts dozens. . 


62 


Scarfs 


do.... 





Wristers 


do.... 


20, 745 


Value of all products not heretofore 




Cardigan jackets 

Fancy jackets 




105, 321 
58,522 




$1,546,713 


do.... 


Value of production at wholesale 


29, 167, 227 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



161 



No. 18. — Statement showing the Weekly and Daily Wages Paid to Employes 
in Woolen Factories in the United Kingdom, and average rates op Daily 
Wages Paid in like Factories in the States op Massachusetts, New York, 
Ohio, and Kentucky, in 1885. 



[From the Annual Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Labor, 1886.] 








Great Britain. 


Massachu- 
setts. 


New York. 


Ohio. 


Kentucky. 


Occupations. 


Weekly 
wages. 


Daily 
wages, a 


Daily 
wages. 


Daily 
wages. 


Daily 

wages. 


Daily 
wages. 




1 


1 


6 


■a 

a 


4 


£ 

a 

IE 


i 


6 

1 


1 


1 

1 


"1 


6 

1 

r® 




Dolls. 
65 32 


Dolls. 
62 66 


Dolls. 
97 


Bolls. 
48 


Bolls. 

Tis" 


Bolls. 
1 15 

85 
1 14 

85 

"82 


Bolls. 

Toij' 

1 50 
1 53 
1 09 

1 16 

2 47 
1 25 
1 29 
1 09 
1 11 

1 03 

2 16 
2 18 
2 90 
1 14 
1 30 

1 15 

2 31 
1 15 
1 45 

136 


Bolls. 

70 

1 40 


Bolls. 


Bolls. 


Bolls. 


Bolls. 




c2 00 




1 75 


1 10 




68 47 
65 32 

65 32 
92 

69 68 
87 

64 36 

66 05 

65 32 
64 84 

1 33 




1 54 
97 
97 
17 

1 76 
16 
79 

1 10 
97 

24 








1 47 
1 00 
1 12 
1 94 




























cl 50 
cl 75 
c2 00 




139 
2 98 
1 43 
1 60 




















1 03 
97 
98 

1 90 

1 96 

2 66 
1 14 
1 02 
1 30 
1 54 

93 
1 31 

"i*59* 
1 38 
1 28 
1 81 


""98 




cl 25 
cl 25 
cl 50 
c2 00 


















1 32 
1 75 




























3 09 
1 13 










































80 




15 






cl 50 


























Too' 


cl 50 
cl 25 


| 






88 
62 90 


62 _ 96" 


16 
53 


"53* 
















cl 00 


























83 
1 20 


50 


15 

22 


09 


1 16 


1 08 
1 65 


m 


cl 00 
cl 50 






79 






1 56 









a The weekly wages paid in Great Britain have been reduced to daily wages at the rate of five and 
one-half days to the week. 

6 Wages per week, Vol. XX, census 1880, p. 376, &c. 

c Wages paid by L. Rambo & Co., Dresden, and New Lisbon Woolen Manufacturing Company, New 
Lisbon, Ohio, Vol. XX, p. 400, &c, census 1880. 



5402 wooL- 



-11 



162 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



165 



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FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



The following tables, unless otherwise specified, have been compiled 
from official data. 

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 

No. 21.— Statement showing, by Countries, the Quantities of Manufactures 
of Wool, and their Total Values, Imported into and Exported from Aus- 
tria-Hungary in 1885. 



Countries from and through which 
imported and to and through 
which imported. 


Tarns of all kinds. 


Wool and hair tab- 
lets, hat felts 
and hat wadding. 


Shaggy cloths, Ha- 
liua and pressed 
cloths, cloths cut- 
tinge, &c. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 




Pounds. 
10, 421, 124 


Pounds. 
2, 450, 452 
474, 190 
119, 209 
59, 965 
441 
21,385 

""52,249 


Pounds. Pounds. 
180, 998 6. 173 


Pounds. 
21.164 


Pounds. 
77, 161 






1 




661 


2. 205 




66 






2 B66 348,146 
18,960 85,979 

l4,:t:io 

661 1 17,196 
5, 291 


















Italy 


1,764 
35,715 
3,307 
7,716 


221 
441 


441 






111 47,619 


Via Fiume and other ports 
















10,470,287 i 3,177,891 


181,660 1 7,27r> 


68. 34:; 583. 818 






*94. 317 




$4, 555, 154 ; $1, 500, 375 


$53,804 $2,155 


$15, 309 






Countries from and through which 
imported and to and through 
which exported. ' 


Carpets and girths. 


Woolen woven goods. 


Shawls and 6hawl- 
like textures. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 

Pound* 
1, 484, 838 
61,949 
1, 242, 292 


Imports. Exports. 




Pounds. 

631, 818 

2,646 

441 

5,952 

221 

221 

882 


Pounds. 

102, 293 

1,102 

30, 864 

6,834 

7,716 

882 


Pounds. 

3, 229, 038 

2, 205 

221 

5,732 

882 

8,378 

8.818 


Pounds. Pounds. 
80, 027 21, 605 




1.BR4 


Roumania 




3,748 
1,102 


604, 261 






"581," 333 

14, 991 

3. 603, 238 








10,582 




"" 1,323 




99,428 18,078 37,919 

3,527 1,985 13,448 
' 1, CO o, ..... 


221 




177 470 
















745,136 169,754 3,306,641 7,770,372 81,350 


39, 242 






$357, 369 $77. 131 $3. 570. 304 $6. 537. 948 *244. 007 























166 






WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



167 



No. 21.— Statement showing, by Countries, the Quantities of Manufactures 
of Wool, and their Total Values, Imported into and Exported from 
Austria-Hungary in 1885 — Continued. 



Countries from and Felt and felt goods, 
through which im- 
ported and to andj 
through which ex- 
ported. 



Germany 
Russia 



Servia 

Turkey 

Italy 

Switzerland - 

Via Trieste.. 

Via Fiume 

other ports 



Total 



Imports. Exports. 



Pounds. 
64, 154 

7,275 



661 

882 
1,323 



6,393 



Pounds. 
87, 302 
19, 621 
6,614 



1,323 
5,291 
1,102 



$32, 353 $69, 755 



Velvet, fringes, rib- 
bons, buttons, and 
knit goods. 



Imports 



Pounds. 

598, 088 

221 



5,291 
0,834 
221 
1,102 
4,630 

3,527 



619, 914 

$975^455" 



Exports. 



Pounds. 
188, 934 
16, 755 
127, 867 
29, 101 



22, 928 
33,448 



Imports. Export: 



Pounds. 
49, 604 



1,323 



11, 464 
52, 029 



13, 228 
' 1.6," 535 



"Wearing apparel. 



Imports. Exports. 



Pounds. 

209, 878 

221 

441 

8,157 

221 

1,764 

441 

6,173 

5,071 



Pounds. 

87, 964 

5,071 

522, 691 

308, 904 



13, 448 

5,952 

352, 115 

3,527 

1, 299, 672 

$1, 049, 792 



No. 22. — Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Manu- 
factures of Wool Imported into and Exported from Austria-Hungary 
during each year from 1875 to 1884 inclusive. 

[One metric centner equals 123.4615 pounds. One gulden equals 48. 5 cents.] 



Imports. 



tity. 



Woolen yarn. 



tity. 



Other manu- 
factures. 



^uan 
tity. 



Exports. 



Wool, raw. 



Quan- 
tity. 



Manufactures 
of wool. 



Quan 
tity. 



:^75 

1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 



Met. 

ctr. 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 
192, 959 
189, 478 
210, 902 
238, 585 
244, 856 
255, 856 



Gulden. 



(a) 

(a) 

(«) 

(a) 
34, 482, 000 
35, 934, 000 
40, 181, 000 
38, 863, 000 

37, 075, 000 42, 343 

38, 420, 000 28, 100 



Met. 
ctr. 

34, 062 
27, 642 

34, 249 

35, 646 
38, 497 

36, 764 
38, 763 
42, 924 



Ouldvn. 

14, 090, 000 
9, 898, 000 
11, 769, 000 
11, 225. 000 
13, 623; 000 

13, 692, 000 
14, 161, 000 

14, 943, 000 
13, 029, 000 
18, 017, 000 



Met. Gulden. 

41,557 26,696,000 
35, 212 21, 963, 000 
26, 412|15, 844, 000 
37, 35820, 131, 000 
31,81119,579,000 
33, 103 21, 043, 000 
34, 052;21, 411, 000 
34,726 22,350,000 
30, 352 19, 263, 000 
49, 548114, 708, 000 



Met. Gulden, 
ctr. 

(a) (a) 

(a) (a) 

(a) (a) 

{a) (a) 

76, 251 15, 009, 000 

120, 469 26, 267, 000 

94, 63lll9, 768,000 

96, 997,20, 379, 000 

122, 901 24, 605, 000 

113, 748121, 923, 000 



Met. 
ctr. 

37, 921 
37, 675 
38,643 
43, 587 

49, 338 
43, 676 
53, 637 
52, 840 
46, 

50, 822 



Gulden. 

20, 718, 000 

21, 314, 000 
20, 883, 000 
25,114,000 
27,616,000 
24, 401, 000 

, 335, 000 

, 025, 000 

26, 235, 0L0 

26, 615, 000 



168 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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r> — "•rfrc-"n"ofo" — eS 'o'oa" **sf- "r-f o"— ■» i-r •so* 

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WOOL A^D MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



169 



No. 24. — Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Man- 
ufactures of Wool Imported into and Exported from Belgium for each 
tear, from 1874 to 1884, inclusive. 

[Oiie kilogram equals 2.20462 pounds; one franc equals 19.3 cents. 1 





Imports. 


Exports. 




'ears. Wool. raw. 


Manu- 
factures of 
wool. 


Manufactures of wool. 




Tarn. 


Other manufactures. 




Quantity. 


Value. 


Value. 


Quantity. ; Value. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


1874. 

1875 . 

1876 . 

1877 . 

1878 . 


Kilograms. 

51,054,000 

45,825,000 

51,905,000 

48,954,000 

46,541,000 


Francs. 
114,871,000 
114, 562, 000 
155, 714, 000 
159, 099, 000 
146, 604, 000 
140, 683, 000 
184, 743, 000 
177, 485, 000 
114, 010, 000 
96, 716, 000 
72, 835, 000 


Francs. 
26, 318, 000 
26, 765, 000 
25, 710. 000 
22, 981, 000 

21, 946, 000 

19, 266, 000 
23, 494, 000 

22, 746, 000 
22, 210. 000 

20, 817, 000 
21, 025, 000 


Kilograms. 
4, 949, 000 
4, 571, 000 

3, 689, 000 

4, 880, 000 
6, 392, 000 

6, 541, 000 

7, 699, 000 

7, 790, 000 
6, 864, 000 

8, 966, 000 
8, 911, 000 


Francs. 
49, 369, 000 

47, 854, 000 
39, 527, 000 

48, 890, 000 
67, 511, 000 
63, 551, 000 
78, 516, 000 
73, 987, 000 
41, 961, 000 
55, 240, 000 
53, 227, 000 


Kilograms. 
2, 792, 000 
2, 608, 000 
2, 318, 000 
2, 256, 000 
2, 723. 000 
1, 938, 000 

1, 948, 000 
2, 180, 000 

2, 356, 000 

1, 982, 000 

2, 219, 000 


Francs. 
43, 390, 000 
41, 628, 000 
38, 953, 000 
34, 195, 000 
38, 960, 000 
25, 754, 000 
27, 903, 000 
31, 365, 000 
30, 380, 000 


1881 ! 


49,205,000 

45,509,000 






25, 168 000 






26, 469, 000 









No. 25. — Statement showing by Countries the Quantities of Manufactures 
of Wool Imported into and Exported from Denmark in 1884. 





Felt foi 




Tarns. 


Countries from which imported and to 
which exported. 


sheathing. 


TJn colored. 


Colored. 




• 
Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Danish Possessions : 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
248 
860 


Pounds. 

7 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 








5 

2 
10 
125 

108, 513 

24, 888 

77, 378 

23, 693 

274, 354 

188 

6,375 

724 

1, 339 




















4 
268 

69, 820 
5,448 
17, 802 
60, 450 
744, 603 


413 
971 

6 


532 




796 

93 
73 

16, 250 
2, 778 
49, 972 


7,468 


11, 033 


Germany : 


270 




106 






1,163 








902 








1,022 
















21, 257 

3,246 

375 


22 


















4,309 


7,955 










Total 


69, 962 


8,576 


923, 280 


6,884 


517, 594 


21.820 






Total entered into consumption . 


66, 173 




854, 392 




495, 335 











170 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES O*' WOOL. 



No. 25.— Statement showing by Countries the Quantities of Manufactures 
of Wool Imported into and Exported from Denmark in 1884— Continued. 







Other woolen 


merchandise. 




Countries from which imported and to 
which exported. 


Carpet 


staffs. 


Open and loose. 


All other. 




Imparts. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Danish Possessions : 


Pounds. 
90 
234 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pound*. 
128, 708 
80, UK 

""i,29i" 
8, 629 

3 

491, 660 

675, 105 

' 938, 661 

457,517 

973, 895 

39, 241 

87, 188 

56, 974 

10 

57 

49 

1.118 

519, 948 


Pounds. 
1, 623 




141 
21 
55 
1,917 
18, 342 
13 

1,449 

1,130 

112 

445 

2,220 


....... 

102 

5,910 
25, 537 
3,456 
5,726 


e' 

1,070 

103 

""l76 
17 


80, 826 




1,464 






6 




246 

2,184 

154 

5,523 

43, 026 

9,186 

32, 041 

249, 646 

178 

43, 366 

239 

263 

42 


167,654 


Sweden 


474,811 
1, 253 


Germany: 


7.625 


Luebeck". 


12,984 

41,991 


All other Germany 


9,770 
14,771 









2, 049 






141 

17 


118 




61 




1,058 






















99 




90 
3,511 












834 


6,199 


1,675 


27. 639 






Total 


390, 019 


26, 837 


47, 058 


3,047 


4, 405, 072 


785, 136 


Total entered into consumption . . 


330, 254 




44, 097 




3, 713, 639 

1 





.... 







No. 26. — Statement showing the Quantities of Wool and Manufactures of 
Wool Imported into, and of Wool Exported from, Denmark for eaiii ykar 
from 1874 to 1884. f 

[One pund equals 1.1025 pounds.] 



Imports 



Exports. 



Years. 


Wool, raw. 


Manufact- 
ures <.(' Wool, raw. 
wool. 




Pund. 
1,392,091 
1,376,399 
1, 292, 834 
1, 638, 146 
1, 939, 641 
1, 572, 275 

1, 669, 408 
1,961,046 

2, 867, 862 
2, 233, 953 
2, 348, 541 


Pund. 

4, 106, 930 


Pund. 
3, 967, 986 


1875 


4,44:i, 805 
4,118,877 

3. ;>::*. ;i74 
3,680,007 

4, 14.-., 125 
4, 775, 031 

4, 960, 478 
6, l"-'7. 86(1 

5, 524, 364 
.-, 60S, 880 


3, 582, 662 


1876 

1877 


3, 869, 789 

4. 2:11, 661 


1878 


3,417,483 


1879 


1,(104,440 


1880 


4,372,171 


1881 


4,513,293 


1882 


4, 103, 886 


1883 


4, 625, 936 


1884 


8, 888, 405 







WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



171 



No. 27.— Statement showing by Countries the Quantity, Kinds, and Total 
Value of Manufactures of Wool Imported into and Exported from France 

in 1885. 



Countries from which 
imported. 



Carpets. 



Uphol- 
stery. 



JSSLj -ft- 



Austria 

Belgium 

Germany 

Great Britain and Ireland . 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Spain 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

Other countries 



38, 215 

88, 079 

1, 586, 046 



Pounds. 
""*2,'308 



Pounds. 

12, 358 

515, 309 

1, 156, 599 

6, 403, 163 

8,245 

16, 352 

1,168 

5,249 



Pounds. 
138 



3,777 



Total 

Total value. 



$18,224 $815,799 



$18, 956 



Countries from which 
imported. 



For up- 
holstery. 



Hosiery, 

trimmings, 

and 

ribbons. 



Fez, or 
red 



Austria 

Belgium 

Germany 

Great Britain and Ireland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Spain 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

Egypt 

Other countries 



Poimds. 
17, 075 
81, 222 
476, 840 
626, 194 
279 
7,080 



2,235 

680 

28, 075 



4,826 
22, 895 



Pounds. 
3,980 
35, 971 



172, 376 
1,554 



Number. 
22, 061 



15, 505 
72,538 
20, 329 
54,165 



21,1 



273 
16, 437 



33, 160 



27,540 
2,102 



Total 

Total value 



1,570 



1,211,171 1 31,137 



32, 186 



581, 538 



$24, 874 



$1, 086, 819 I $32, 711 



$64, 809 



$1, 046, 894 



$18, 885 





Mixed stuffs. 


Tissues of 
alpaca, la- 
ma, and 
vicuna. 


Tarns. 


Felt and 
hats of felt. 




imported. 


For up- 
holstery. 


Other. 


wool. 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. , 


Pounds. 
10, 236 
41, 282 
181, 828 
621, 365 
5,469 
13, 472 


Number. 




45 
5,976 


108, 676 

231, 566 

5, 772, 876 

1,300 

1,840 

1,696 

417 




1, 186, 203 

729, 279 

7,481,416 












89, 807 


465, 483 


Italy 










1,131 














83 


1,483 


2,745 


1,314 








Total 


6,104 


6, 118, 371 


91, 290 


9, 400, 713 


874, 966 


519, 220 






$8, 551 


$4, 713, 681 


$191,826 


$6, 229, 953 


$358, 837 


$175, 367 





172 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 27. —Statement showing by Countries the Quantity, Kinds, and Total 
Value of Manufactures of Wool Imported into and Exported from France 
in 1885— Continued. 



EXPORTS. 



Countries from which 
exported. 


Blankets. 


Carpets. 


Uphol- 
stery. 


Merinos. 


Cloths. 


Stuffs. 


For up- 
holstery. 


Other. 




Pounds. 

15, 742 
29, 683 

lg, 316 

21, 245 


Pounds. 
259, 765 
44, 189 
74, 083 


Pounds. 
8,045 
4, 592 
1,069 


Poundg. 

12, 324 
237, 486 
29, 220 

5, 672, 668 
29, 802 
223, 271 


Pounds. 

107, 406 
1, 970, 587 

767, 176 

3, 964, 397 
147, 796 
541, 655 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 




89, 855 
55, 609 

A 139 


743, 964 


Germany 

Great Britain and Ire- 


375. 245 
5, 732, 866 




23, 074 










1, 276, 809 










21,364 












240, 927 
1,712,886 
1, 059, 546 
2!)7. 929 
84,558 
77, 046 
599, 779 

436, 182 
173, 286 


105, 038 






17, 500 
33, 221 
5,133 




165, 892 

1,766 

207, 525 

127, 218 






106, 931 
61, 446 
81,812 
























24, 855 
28, 794 

8,673 








Algeria 

United States of Anner- 


118, 176 




16, 927 
34, 929 




102, 426 
1, 732, 549 


3,148 


90,632 






143, 947 














69, 996 
51, 934 
85, 345 






81, 213 
13, 080 
79, 758 


250, 252 
57, 612 
1,330,659 
81, 096 
98, 497 

101, 409 
3,058 




160, 874 










Argeutine Republic 

Chili 




















15, 134 












United States of Colom- 


































17,511 
13, 294 
6,572 
52, 241 












174, 672 
56, 169 
480, 159 










""'436,'674' 


"i09,'083 


Other countries 


118, 504 


71, 906 


112 


Total 


848, 102 


591, 188 


16, 966 


7, 022, 697 


14, 548, 813 


401,682 








Total value 








$6,086,313 


$16, 557, 184 


$316. 485 


$11,210,622 



Countries from which 
exported. 


Slippers 
of list. 


Shawls. 


Laces. 


Hosiery. 


Trimmings 


Mixed stuffs. 


and rib- 
bons. 


For up- 
holstery. 


Other. 




Pounds. 

'""7,"l08' 
9,128 


Pounds. 

""*32,'610 
15, 115 

29, 846 
57, 823 


Pounds. 

97,443" 

25, 966 

50, 344 


Pounds. 
26, 367 
134, 873 
204, 163 

178, 829 
43, 593 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
72. H44 
742, 349 
614, 825 

1,795,424 
348, 060 
89, 048 
152, 844 
753, 865 
242, 662 




81, 136 
138, 453 

499, 464 
60, 459 


123, 793 
1,993 

12,196 


Germany 

Great Britain andlre- 


Italv 




















17, 950 
70, 909 
103, 409 
18, 583 

"" 133,669 


14, 332 
105, 197 
22, 476 
41,971 
17, 306 








64, 696 








13, 757 






Turkey 








Egypt' 




""593 






23, 963 


British North Amer- 
ica 












United States of 
America 




105, 805 
46, 061 


124, 095 


126, 678 


154, 683 


43,236 








15, 133 








11, 374 
67, 778 
41, 997 
li:j, 9.10 
7,813 
16, 032 








43, 141 


9,503 




24, 187 


641 


141, 222 
15, 130 

124,794 
11, 186 










7,430 




719,427 




Chili 




















Dutch East Indies . . . 












2,293 
76,270 


Other countries 


10, 696 


15,641 


31,684 


60, 082 


145, 235 


2,564 


Total 


83, 830 
$70, 672 


385, 123 
$876, 599~ 


329, 532 
$1,298,190 


1, 378, 029 
$2,412,770 


2, 024, 326 


189, 423 


7, 651, 092 


Total value .... 


$4, 391, 988 


$291, 860 


$19, 089, 056 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



173 



No. 27.— Statement Showing by Countries the Quantity, Kinds, and Total 
Value of Manufactures of Wool Imported into and Exporthd from France 
in 1885 — Continued. 

EXPORTS— Continued. 



Countries from which exported. 


1 Other 
Tissues .tissues of 
of goal's i hair or 
hair. 1 mixed 
materials. 


• Yarns. 


Felt. 


Hats of 

felt and 

wool. 




Dollars. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
5, 821, 184 

1, 677, 374 

2, 736, 299 
280, 264 


Pounds. 
109, 456 

30, 693 
111, 392 

37, 906 


Number. 




5,234 
50, 425 




64, 472 
124, 574 














14, 013 








59, 636 
246, 534 


31, 250 








107, 025 
16, 180 
9,789 
9,616 


















17, 147 


















22, 465 








3,822 


31, 854 
36, 352 














































710 








176, 355 
95, 216 
51, 156 


Chili 




























6 i, 652 




531 


a 94, 637 


188, 180 


49, 817 


65, 04» 




Total 




94, 637 


11, 013, 293 


410, 126 


1, 50C, 907 










56, 900 


a$25, 845 


6$G, 872, 899 


$260, 305 









a Of this; bolting cloths 6,453 pounds, value $8,474. 
6 Of this, $40,269 without specified quantities. 

No. 28. — Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and 
Manufactures of Wool Imported into and Exported from France for each 

YEAR FROM 1861 to 1885, INCLUSIVE. 

[One kilogram equals 2.20-162 pounds. One franc equals 19.3 cents.] 







Imports. 






Exports. 




Years. 


Wool 


raw. 


Value of 


, raw. 


Value of wool manu- 
factures. 




Quantity. 


Value. 


ufactures. Qaantity . 


Value. 


Yarn. 


Other man- 
ufactures. 




Kilograms. 


Francs. 


Francs. 


Kilograms. 


Francs. 


.Francs. 


Francs. 


1861 


55, 359, 000 


166, 100, 000 


20, 600, 000 


6, 448, 000 


21, 000, 000 




188, 000, 000 


1862 


48, 826, 000 


180, 700, 000 


41,000,000 


12, 177, 000 


45, 100, 000 


12, 500, 000 


221,700,000 


1863. 


63, 792, 000 


218,800,000 


33, 400, 000 


11, 006, 000 


48, 200, 000 


15, 200, 000 


293, 600, 000 


1864 


63, 028, 000 


214, 300, 000 


32, 000, 000 


12, 141, 500 


51, 100, 000 


19, 100, 000 


355, 900, 000- 


1865 


72, 663, 000 


236, 200, 000 


38, 100, 000 


7, 913, 000 


33, 000, 000 


21, 200, 000 


302, 800, 000 


1866 


86, 261, 000 


245,800,000- 


42, 800, 000 


10, 089, 000 


33, 500, 000 


23, 600, 000 


301, 700, 000 


1867 


93, 205, 000 


223, 700, 000 


42, 100, 000 


13, 611, 683 


43. 200, 000 


30, 800, 000 


236, 800, 000 


1868 


110, 70!), 000 


237, 900, 000 


54, 500, 000 


12, 067, 000 


36, 500, 000 


25, 000, 000 


224, 900, 000 


1869 


108, 600, 000 


206, 300, 000 


64, 300, GOO 


17, 147, 000 


44, 700, 000 


27, 800, 000 


268, 300, 000 


1870 


88, 147, 000 


189, 500, 000 


57, 900, 000 


21, 300, 000 


59,100,000 


24, 700, 000 


231, 600, 000 


1871 


101, 958, 000 


193, 700, 000 


76, 500, 000 


29,881,000 


75, 300, 000 


40, 600, 000 


254, 400, 000 


1872 


107, 862, 000 


324, 900, 000 


99, 900, 000 


22, 504, 000 


102, 200, 000 


31, 100, 000 


314,500,000 


1873 


120, 545, 000 


325, 600, 000 


59, 700, 000 


19, 445, 000 


86, 600, 000 


31, 300, 000 


325, 900, 000 


1874 


117, 353, 000 


310, 987, 000 


66, 600, 000 


24, 413, 000 


104, 200, 000 


36, 900, 000 


328, 000, 000 


1875 


128, 010, 000 


326, 522, 000 


78, 100, 000 


21, 617, 000 


84, 100, 000 


39, 720, 000 


340, 400, 000 


1876 


123, 178, 000 


277, 200. 000 


79, 000, 000 


21, 077, 000 


74, 800, 000 


28, 600, 000 


316, 500, 000 


1877 


134, 235, 000 


315, 500, 000 


68, 600, 000 


21,443,000 


77, 100, 000 


26, 800, 000 


325, 100, 000 


1878 


144, 100, 000 


334, 617, 000 


68, 700, 000 


27, 072, 000 


89, 725, 000 


37, 200, 000 


312, 800, 000 


1879 


134,214,000 


288, 728, 000 


68, 170, 000 


34, 996, 000 


117, 222, 000 


43, 692, 000 


309, 297, 000 


1880 


151,067,000 


370, 224, 000 


79,100,000 


35, 062, 000 


132, 456, 000 


49, 300, 000 


370, 200, 000 


1881 


138, 332, 000 


304, 333, 000 


76,991,000 


29, 479, 000 


105,618,000 


38,147,000 


360, 717, 000 


1882 


140, 983, 000 


303, 126, 000 


84, 290, 000 


29, 555, 000 


95, 360, 000 


39, 849, 000 


401,900,000 


1883 


157,112.000 


330, 087, 000 


91. 858, 0;)() 


31,448,000 


95,139,000 


31,602,000 


370, 106,000 


1884 


165, 956, 000 


332, 105, 000 


88. 799. 000 


33,917,000 


95,999,000 j 32. 337, 000 


334, 294, 000 


1885 


172, 446, 627 


283, 897, 043 99, 529, 962 


36, 980, 833 


90,832,927 35,398,776 


336,118,938 



174 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 29.— Statement showing, by Countries, the Quantities of Imported 
Wool Entered for Consumption in France, and tiii; Total Vai 
Amount of Duty Collected, for each yeah prom L820 to 1840, inclusive, 



[From Macgregor's Commercial Statistics, Vol. I.] 





Quantities imported from— 














The United 






Value. 


Duty 


i 


Belgium. 


Spain. 


Germany. 


States, Bar- 
bary and 


Other 

countries. 


Total. 














Algiers. 












Kilograms. 


Kilograms. 


Kilograms. 


Kilograms. 


Ktiogramt. 


Kilogram*. 


Francs. 


Francs. 


1820 


178, 000 


1, 531, 000 


165,000 


1,513,000 


1,495,000 


4,912,000 


8.351,000 




1821 


907, 000 


1,782,000 


508, 000 


802, 000 


2,768,000 


0,877, oi >o 


11,690,000 


955, 000 


1822 


904, 000 


1, 922, 000 


565, 000 


3, 098, 000 


l,9fi9,000 


9,118,000 


15,506,000 




1823 


815,000 


822, 000 


347, 000 


2,244,000 


1, 254, 000 


5,482,000 9,319,000 1,3-1.0, o 


1824 


. 1, 316, 000 


882, 000 


566, 000 


778, 000 


808, OliO 


4,410,000 7.497 


1825 


942, 000 


1,200,000 


778, 000 


909, 000 


804, 000 


4,039,000 7, 886,000 3. 100.01,(1 


1826 


. 1, 480, 000 


1, 778, 000 


858, 000 


1, 581, 000 


732, 000 


6.435,000 10,940 


1827 


. 1, 437, 000 


1,932,000 


829, 000 


1, 977, 000 


1, 207, 001) 


7, 882, ooo 


11, 131,000 




1828 


1, 32 ', 000 


2, 148, 000 


1, 104, 000 


1, 597, 000 


1,516,000 


7, 687, 000 




4,417,000 


1829 


930, 000 


1, 820, 000 


809, 000 


1, 224, 000 


966, 000 


5, ,4!i,noo 


9, 276,000 




1830 


929, 000 


2,276,000 


1, 064, 000 


1, 705, 000 


1, 240, 000 


7,214,000 


12,872, 


1,246,000 


1831 


549, 000 


826, 000 


157, 000 


1, 780, 000 


524, 000 


3, 836, 000 


5, 253, 000 


1,733.0.10 


1832 


. 1,388,000 


1, 202, 000 


178, 000 


984, 000 


870, 000 


4, 622, 000 


7,862,000 


2..V.I4,ooo 


1833 


. 1, 715, 000 


3, 220, 000 


549, 000 


2, 140, 000 


1,682,000 


9, 306, 000 


lit. 140,000 


6,314,000 


1834 


. 1, 219, 000 


2, 637, 000 


054, 000 


3,271,000 


1,440,000 


9, -.'21.000 


17,915,000 


4, 752. 000 


1835 


. 2, 221, 000 


3, 818, 000 


1, 719, 000 


4, 660, 000 


2, 427, 000 


14,815,0110 


34,219,000 


7, 550, 000 


1836 


. 2, 691, 000 


4, 365, 000 


1, 420, 000 


3. 676, 000 


2, 014, 000 


14, 166, 000 




7,116,000 


1837 


2, 126, 000 


3, 290, 000 


1,011,000 


1, 941, 000 


1, 632, 000 


lo. ooo, oOO 


18, 997, 000 


4,220,000 


1838 


. 3, 637, 000 


3, 557. 000 


2, 609, 000 


3, 030, 000 


2, 093, 000 


14,926,000 


34. 178,000 




1839 


3, 035, 000 


3, 070, 000 


1, 946, 000 


2, 746, 000 


2, 209, 000 


13,612,000 


31,937,000 




1840 


. 2, 983, 000 


2, 393, 000 


2, 407, 000 


3, 395, 000 


2, 278, 000 


13, 456, 000 


29, 987, 000 


6, 643, 000 



No. 30.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Domestic Woolen 
Yarns and Cloths Exported from France, with the Amounts of Premiums 
Paid, for each year from 1820 to 1840, inclusive. 

. [From Macgregor's Commercial Statistics, Vol. I.] 



Cloths, kerseymeres, 
merinoes, &c. 



1827 
1828 



Quantity. I Value. I Quantity. Value. 



Kilograms. 
36,060 
31,000 
20, 000 
15,000 
17, 000 

16, ooo I 

17, 000 
23,000 
28, 000 
01, 000 
58. 000 
57, 000 

119,000 
76, 000 
74, 000 
44, 000 
33, 000 
84, 000 
79, 000 
71, 000 

107, 000 



Francs. 
647, 000 
540, 000 
372, 000 
274, 000 
320, 000 
281, 000 
306, 000 
441, 000 
520, 000 

1, 181, 000 

1, 065, 000 
1,071,000 

2, 255, 000 

1, 435, 000 

2, 392, 000 
808, 000 
993, 000 

1, 594, 000 

1,351,000 

1, 996, 000 



Kilogram*. 

1,339,000 

1, 082, 000 

1, 003, 000 

1,124,000 

1, 107, ooo 

966, 000 

1, 006, 0U0 

1,031,000 

1,133,000 

971,000 

993, 000 

l,.; 19, ooo 

1. 171,000 

1,642, i 

1,677.000 

2, 018, 000 

1, 670, 000 

2. 201. OOO 
2, 325, 000 



Premiums 
paid. 



Franet. 

42, 737, 000 

39, I'll, 000 

40. 156,000 
32, 808, 000 
36,117,000 
37,540,000 
29,642,000 
26,928,000 

30,425,000 
20. 625, ooo 
■::. oi*. ooo 
34,052,000 
36,663,000 

39.410,000 

19, 188, 

i 1,428,000 
64,401,000 
60,588,000 
61, 100, 000 



Francs. 
48, 000 

4S.-.,(I00 
413,000 

1, 336, 000 

3. 0."8. 00U 

1,892,000 

2, 110, 000 
2,022,000 

2, 330, 000 

2, 497, 000 
2, 982, 000 
3,644,000 

3, 085, 000 
3, 730, 000 

4,001,000 
3, 883, 000 

3,*97, OOU 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



175 



No. 31. — Statemeent showing, by Countries, the Value of Domestic Woolkn 
Cloths Exported from France during the years 1833 and 1840. 

[FromMacgregor's Commercial Statistics, Vol. I.] 



Countries of destination. 



United States 

Spain 

Sardinian States 

Belgium 

England 

Turkey and C hina 

Switzerland 

Germany 

Chili 

French colonies 

Algiers and Africa, comprising 19,000 francs in 1838 and 94, 000 francs in 1840 

exported to Mauritius 

Tuscany and Roman States 

States of Barbary 

Holland 

Buenos Ayres 

Brazil....' 

Mexico .. 

Naples and Sicily 

Prussia _ 

Russia 

Egypt 

Antilles, foreign 

Peru 

Austria 

Colombia 

Hayti 

Foreign India • 

Sweden and Norway 

Other countries ' 

Total 



Francs. 


1 rancs. 


6, 207, 000 


12,634,000 


5, 239, 000 


7, 675, 000 


4, 093, 000 


5, 943, 000 


2, 0G2, 000 


5, 070, 000 


1, 650, 000 


5, 001, 000 


4, 819, 000 


3, 899, 000 


3, 093, 000 


3, 752, 000 


1, 390, 000 


2, 906, 000 


281, 000 


2, 384, 000 


771, 0«0 


1, 456, 000 


683, 000 


1, 447, 000 


506, 000 


1, 192, 000 


1, 115, 000 


962, 000 


243, 000 


892, 000 


169, 000 


720, 000 


378, 000 


642, 000 


279, 000 


493, 000 


621, 000 


464, 000 


104, 000 


423, 000 


171,000 


422, 000 


1, 017, 000 


380, 000 


84, 000 


339, 000 


971, 000 


322, 000 


128, 000 


199, 000 


24, 000 


109, 000 


150, 000 


101, 000 


46, 000 


85, 000 


69, 000 


5,000 


200, 000 


1, 183, 000 


36, 563, 000 


61, 100, 000 



No. 32. — Statement showing, by Countries, the Quantities of Manufactures 
of Wool Imported into and Exported from Germany in 1885. 



Countries from which imported and 
to which exported. 


Woolen wadding. 


Woolen yarns of all 
kinds. 


Listing. 




Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 
220 


Pounds. 
2, 275, 809 


Pounds. 

3, 209, 417 
221, 562 

1, 731, 715 
22, 707 
130, 733 
689, 619 
346, 343 
86, 420 
260, 808 

4, 031, 552 

48, 722 
748, 684 
415, 569 
1,102 
216, 933 
• 358, 959 


Pounds. 

■ 41,447 

441 

2, 425 


Pounds. 
72, 972 










441 


1, 358, 455 
7, 539, 692 


5,730 
5. 071 
















2.0 
441 




2, 562, 898 

27, 052, 627 

441 

8,157 


4,850 


46, 076 




Italy 












3,527 
1,102 


""3," 307 
1*323* 


10, 141 






15,873 








-*i3,-8S9 












2,425 


1,102 


1, 569, 655 


29, 101 




9, 4S0 




















244, 559 


. .: .. 


6,831 












Total 


3,086 


6,392 


42, 612, 293 


12, 520. 845 


53, 793 









176 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 32 — Statement showing, by Countries, the Quantities of Manufactures 
of Wool Imported into and Exported from Germany in 1885— Continued. 



Countries from which imported and 
to which exported. 


Coarse felts. 


Rugs and felts, 
printed, &.c. 


Hosiery. 




Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 




Pounds. 

26, 455 

441 

39, 242 


Pounds. 

104,719 

21, 385 

193, 343 

9,480 

21, 605 
661 

169, 313 

22, 928 

23, 810 
26, 676 


Potmds. 
74, 956 
5,732 
45,633 
33, 951 

"'63,' 933 
274, 693 

"22,' 471 
3,968 


Pounds. 
378, 9G9 
103, 175 
629,415 
238, 758 
109, 567 
349, 429 
95, 018 
180, 336 
199, 075 
130, 733 
72, 531 
88,184 
240, 522 


Pounds. 
20, 723 
12, 346 
42, 108 
3,748 
2,425 
58, 861 
30,644 


Pound*. 

358, 692 

150, 793 
1,545,184 

158, 511 
80, 247 

6Ki, .'>02 




Ham burs (free port) 




1,102 






25, 794 




134,200 

519, 626 
7,716 
177,911 
259, 044 
286, 019 






7,275 
2,646 




657, 187 








26, 235 
20, 062 








5,291 


5,291 
22, 707 
1,102 


9,700 




































4,850 
8,818 
46, 076 
32, 408 
6,173 
14, 550 
102, 097 




























62, 17C 






























14, 330 
11, 905 








10, 362 


10, 362 


4,630 


393, 373 




Total 


765, 874 


650, 579 580 B72 


3, 030, 684 


195, 106 


6, 073, 874 









Countries from 
which imported 

and to 
which exported. 



Cloths and dress- 
goods. 



Imports. Exports. 



"Woolen plush. 



Woolen fringes and Lac f > 8 - J" 11 ?". em - 

button materials. ^A™!^"! 8 ' , 
and woven shawls. 



Imports. 



Exports. Imports. 



Exports. Imports. 



Exports. 



Austria-Hungary . 

Bremen (free 
port) 

Hamburg (free 
port) 

Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

Great Britain 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Portugal 

Russia 

Spain 

Sweden and Nor- 
way 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

Egypt 

United States of 
America 

All o^gier coun- 



Poundx. 
154, 322 

7,055 

324, 513 

135, 5^3 

2,425 

551, 811 

1, 572, 545 

' 81 'l29 



Potmds. 
3, 578, 547 

1, 352, 967 

10, 911, 407 
1, 252, 213 

1, 875, 654 

2, 242, 960 

3, 548, 564 
2, 759, 698 
2, 407, 423 



Pounds. 



7,497 
3, 527 
1,323 
12, 346 
19, 621 



61, 971 



Total 2,938,090 42,268,615 



5,732 
'i'323' 



Pounds. 
254, 194 

425, 504 

180, 557 
50, 706 
43, 651 

381,614 

316,577 
36, 596 

136, 905 



71, 429 



1, 994, 281 

3, 145, 263 

15, 658 



31,084 
30, 203 



3, 431, 460 
3, 018, 389 



98, 986 
52,237 



58, 642 



Pounds. 
1,764 



882 

441 

12, 125 

5,071 
220 

2,425 



Pounds. 
175, 045 



427, 268 
127, 867 

69, 886 
170, 455 
084, 791 

93, 053 
244, 935 

77, 822 

40, 565 
114,859 

112,480 

IIS, 2G8 



302, 694 
146, 386 



Pounds. 
8,157 



3,748 
3,307 



116,182 
2,425 



Povnda. 
153, 219 

6,393 

463, 190 
33, 28S 
39, 242 

100, 750 

53, 351 
304,016 

"'96,' 389 
69,666 

7,937 
120, 591 

15,212 

91.71C 



2, 337, 096 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



177 



No. 33. — Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Manu- 
factures of Wool Imported into and Exported from Germany for each 
Year from 1875 to 1884, inclusive. 

IMPORTS. 

[One kilogram equals 2.20462 pounds. One mark equals 23.8 cents.] 





"Wool, raw. 


Manufactures of 'wool. 




Tear. 


Quantities. | Values. 

[ 


Woolen yarn. Cloth. 




Quantities. ; Values. Quantities. 


Values. 




100 kilogs. 1 Marks. 
565,000 '203,000,000 


100 kilogs. i Marks, i 100 kilogs. 
163,000 103,000,000 I 70,338 


Marks. 
80, 350, 000 
74, 430, 000 
60, 352, 000 






685, 000 
680, 000 
925, 000 
677, 500 
773, 700 
885, 000 
909, 693 
1, 056, 662 


212, 000, 000 
211,000,000 
268, 000, 000 
206, 267, 000 
193, 430, 0U0 
203, 555, 000 
200, 133, 000 
221, 899, 000 


136, 000 
152, 000 
187, 000 
149, 000 
157, 000 
161,000 
167, 000 
190, 000 


74,900,100 : 57,237 
79,800,000 ; 50,000 
94, 300, 000 69, 750 
93,110,000 ' 23,350 
84, 988, 000 i 21, 300 
83,584,000 j 14,800 
80,479,000 l 12,918 
93,396,000 12,722 


1878 


1879 


60, 206, 000 


1880 


1881 






14, 342, 000 




1884 


11,882,000 





Quantities. I Values. 



Manufactures of -wool. 



Woolen yarn. 



Other manufactures. 



Quantities. Values. j Quantities. Values 



Total 
value man- 
ufactures. 



1875 

1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 

1880 
1881 
18S2 



100 kilogs. 
199, 500 
199, 000 
222, 500 
213, 000 
225, 000 
143, 250 
120, 850 
134, 500 
127, 216 
113, 140 



50, 139, 000 

48, 340, 000 

49, 698, 000 
45,798,000 
39,316,000 



100 kilogs. 
38, 700 
33, 700 
41,400 
50, 500 
42,000 
50, 000 
45, 000 
50, 000 
48, 000 
52, 000 



Marks. 

29, 400, 000 
23, 600, 000 
27, 300, 000 

30, 300, 000 
24, 400, 000 
32, 648, 000 

29, 599, 000 
34, 027, 000 

30, 693, 000 
32, 130, 000 



100 kilogs. 
129, 000 
117,150 
169, 300 
124, 800 
123, 300 
167, 150 
184, 200 
192, 500 
198, 622 
214, 100 



171, 161, 000 
187, 086, 000 
177, 579, 000 
180, 146, 000 
185, 102, 000 



Marks. 
29, 400, 000 

23, 600, 000 
27, 300, 000 
30, 300, 000 

24, 400, 000 
203, 809, 000 

216, 685, 000 
211, 606, 000 
210, 839, 000 

217, 232, 000 



No. 34. — Statement showing, by Countries, the Quantities of Manufactures 
of Wool, and their Total Values, Imported into and Exported from Italy 
in 1885. 



Countries from which imported and 
to which exported. 


Tarns. 


Tissues of wool and 
mixed materials. 


Felt. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 




Pounds. 
65, 917 
26, 235 
260, 363 
127, 426 
131,615 


Pounds. 
10, 141 

' "73," 854" 
4,850 


Pounds. 
1, 378, 316 
119, 269 
4, 439, 623 
1.769.192 


Pounds. 
96, 341 


Pounds. 
36, 817 


Pounds. 








36, 596 
4,850 
1,543 
9,921 


111,993 | 1,102 








287, 480 








1,543 
304 896 






78, 484 


13, 448 




1,543 


Tmkev 




25, 573 
3,307 
2,425 

26, 014 


. ...'..... 






I 










2,205 2,205 
13,608 | 






United States of America and Canada. 









5402 wool- 



12 



178 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 34.— Statement showing, by Countries, the Quantities of Manufactures 
of Wool, and their Total Values, Imported into and Exported from Italy 
in 18e5. 



Tissues of wool and 
mixed materials. 



Countries from which imported and 
to which exported. 






"—»"—»— 






. Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. Exports. 


Imports. Exports. 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. Pounds. 
19.180 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 




!1, 164 








4,189 








5,291 11,023 7,055 














Total 


G90, 040 


123,457 13,284.699 j 296,050 


7, 936 




Total value 


$472,543 


$37,504 $10,311, 125 $195, 482 ; $154,338 1 $3,698 

1 



Countries from which imported and to 
which exported. 


Woolen knitted 
goods and hraids. 


Ribbons 
and gal- 
loons. 


Button materials. 


tollee. 


Imports. Exports. 


Imports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 




Pounds. 
23, 369 
47, 840 
47, 840 
6,393 


Pounds. 
27, 998 

3.0S6 


Pounds. 

1,543 
3,307 

2, 424 


Pounds. 
~'"i"l02 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 






14. 771 
5. 291 








882 
1,764 
.">. 512 
9,039 
9,700 
1,102 
8,818 
13, 228 
















14, 330 


882 






10, 802 




















































7, 275 
2, 425 






















":'::::::: 


o221 .. 














139,772 j 90,829 


8,157 


1, 102 


221 86 42(1 








$195, "79 $127. 228 


$9,283 1 *897 


$179 i «325. 3">1 






T ' 











Countries from which imported and 


Covers made of list. 


Carpets. 


Wearing 


appan 1. 


to which exported. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 




Pounds. 
2,205 


Pounds. 
882 


Pounds. 
40,565 
3, 527 
207, 894 
91. 798 
402, 559 


Pounds. 
6,834 

"*87,"964" 


Pounds. 
176, 148 

153, 220 
199, 516 


Pounds. 








8,818 












12, 787 




882 










3,748 


1,764 


28.219 


13, 448 


45, 635 
























:::::::::: 


1,984 
1.763 




2, 860 


882 






































..... 








3,527 




7,055 










Total 


27, 558 


6,393 


786, 160 


115, 521 


860, 676 


143,519 






$6, 996 


$1,628 


$317, 493 


$35, 124 


$1, 431, 597 


$238, 722 





a Spain and Gibraltar. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



179 



No. 35.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Man- 
ufactures of Wool Imported into Italy for each year from 1874 to 1884, 
inclusive. 



[One 


kilogram equals 2.20462 pounds. One lire equals 19.3 cents.] 




Tear. 


Wool, raw. 


Manufactures of pure 
•wool. 


Manufactures of wool 
mixed with cotton. 




Quantities. 


Values. 


Quantities. 


Value. 


Quantities. 


Values. 




Kiloqrams. 
6,051,000 

6, 500, 000 
8, 065, 000 
8,010,000 

6, 539, 000 

8. 539, 000 

7, 328, 000 

9, 536, 000 
7, 508, 000 
9, 540, 000 

10,071,000 


Lire. 

27, 232, 000 
27, 952, 000 
34,681,000 
34, 445, 000 
28,110,000 
34, 155, 000 
30, 780, 000 
38, 143, 000 

30, 034, 000 

31, 974, 000 
29, 416, 000 


Quintals. 

«42, 012 

«50, 088 

aoO, 072 

aiS, 748 

«39, 987- 

21, 607 

23, 922 

36, 761 

31,642 

36, 398 

42, 467 


Lire. 

41,471,000 
45, 902, 000 
45, 197, 000 
41, 982, 000 
51, 983, 000 
29, 737, 000 
33, 895, 000 
43, 331, 000 
37, 890, 000 
41, 739, 000 
45, 120, 000 


Quintals. 
b 
b 
b 
b 
b 

12, 717 
16,139 
19,499 

15, 237 

16, 036 
19, 023 


Lire. 






1876 














12,112,000 




14, 769, 000 




15, 017, 000 






12, 038, 000 
12, 915, 000 







Includes manufactures of wool and cotton. 



6 Included in manufacture of pure wool. 



No. 36.— Statement showing, by Countries, the Quantities and Values of 
Manufactures of Wool Imported into and Exported from the Nether- 
lands in 1883. 



Countries from which imported 
and to which exported. 


Tarns. 


Felt for hats, for 
hats of all kinds. 


Cloth, doeskins, and 
cassimeres. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 




Dollars. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 

40 

238, 389 

16 

549, 726 

786 

274, 692 

442 

16 

3 

10 


Dollars. 




83, 952 


30, 131 

2,641 

3, 687, 263 


79, 554 

772 

223, 994 


5,525 










175, 004 

652 

4, 543, 765 


11,404 


67, 800 




Great Britain and Ireland 


53, 184 
1,111 


87, 222 


287 


10, 510 
















1,164 
267, 311 












217 


3,123 


9,568 








289 






2,703 


60 














4, 803, 662 


4, 042, 805 


391, 759 


23, 042 


1, 064, ISO 









Conn tries from which imported 
and to which exported. 


All other 


stuffs not 
specified. 


elsewhere 


Blankets. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 




Dollars. 

489 
1, 005, 267 


Pounds. 
141, 557 
68, 738 
1,338 
200, 398 
59, 098 
86, 501 
127, 077 


Dollars. 
258, 125 
125, 339 
2,440 
365, 419 
107, 764 
157, 841 
231, 721 


Dollars. 


Pottnds. 


Dollars. 




1,483 


1,376 










633, 183 
184 

925, 062 
2 
8 


3,865 


1,160 








Great Britain and Ireland 


7,502 


3,215 


2,344 












52, 203 


95, 189 




'""452' 






9 






18, 689 
33, 647 


34, 078 
61,353 


















2 










331 


603 


1 ! 132 


9(1 






Total 


2, 564, 208 


789,637 


1, 439, 872 


12,851 i 8,002 


5, 835 



180 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 36.— Statement showing, dy Countries, the Quantities and Valum of 
Manufactures of Wool Imported into and Exported from the Nether- 
lands in 1883— Continued. 



Countries from which im- 
ported aud to which ex- 
ported. 


Flannels and baize. 


Hosiery. 


Tape. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 




Dollars. 
1,848 


Pounds. 
678, 487 


Dollars. 
494, 788 


Dollars. 
133, 445 

12 
329,4*1 


Pounds. 
2,460 


Dollars. 
1,570 


Dollars. 

476 








20, 742 
4,649 


6,302 


4, 596 


15, 695 


10,015 


33, 190 


Great Britain and Ireland 




43, 413 


2,904 


772 i 563 
3, 695 2, 693 












243 


155 












Total 


33, 239 


689, 256 502. 640 505. 351 


' 


11,740 


36, 570 













No. 37.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Manu- 
factures of Wool Imported into and Exported from the Netherlands for 
each year from 1874 to 1884, inclusive. 



[One kilogram equals 2.20462 pounds. One gulden equals 39.7 cents/ 



Imports. 



Quanti- 



Valueof wool manu- 
factures. 



Other 
manufac- 
tures. 



Exporta 



Wool, raw. 



■SEf Vata «- 



Value of wool manu 
factures. 



Other 
manufac- 
tures. 



874.... 
875.... 



877 

878 



Kilos 
8, 007, 000 



Qxdden. 
9, 608, 000 



i, 951, 000 10, 742, 000 



10, 744, 000 
9, 763, 000 

8, 582, 000 
9, 114, 000 

9, 698, 000 

11, 453, 000 
11, 912, 000 



10, 430, 000 
8, 363, 00U 
8, 116, 000 
8, 872, 000 
8, 730, 000 
11, 050, 000 
11, 888, 000 
16, 059, 000117, 007, 000 
20, 172, 000 j 21, 555, 000 



Gulden. 
17, 436, 000 
14, 493, 000 
14, 490, 000 
12, 521, 000 
13,912,000 
15, 549, 000 

10, 810, 000 
12, 000, 000 
13, 423, 000; 

11, 903, 000, 

12, 814, 000! 



Gulden. \ Kilos. Gulden. I 
11,604,000! 6,835,000 8,201,000 
11,653,000! 7,520,000 9. 024, OOOi 
11, 325, 000 9, 809, 000 1U, 400, 000 
11,480,00(1 7, 760, 000 7,543,000 
10,865,000 7,010.0(10 7,060,000; 
10,037,000 7,525,000 7,344.000 
10, 284, 000, 9, 239, 000 9, 125, 000 
10,014,000 8,011,000 10,197.000 
9, 94:t, 000 8, 462, 000! y 475, o00 
9,140,000 12,485,000 14,719,000 
7, 842, 000 17, 203, 000 20, 495, 000 



Gulden. 

10,930,000 
9,477,0('0 

10,572, 

5,691,000 
6, 488, 000 
7,110,000 
6, 085, 000 

6, 640, 000 
8, 151, 000 
9,258,< 

7, 126, 000 



Gulden. 
4, 503, 000 
4, 520, 000 
4, 268, 000 

4, 581, 000 

3, 754, 000 
5,882,000 

.-.. 034, 000 

5, 601. 000 
5, 213, 000 

4, 913, 000 



No. 38.— Statement showing the Quantities and Yalces «>f Wool and .Man- 
ufactures of Wool Imported into Norway for each year from 1-71 to 
1884, inclusive. 



[One kilogram equals 2.20462 pouuds. One krone equals 26.8 cents.] 





Wool 


raw. 


Manufactures of wool. 




Quantities. 


Values. 


Quantities. Values. 




Kilograms. 




Kilograms. K- 




367, 000 
303, 000 
425, 000 
276, 000 
240, 000 
360, 000 
446, 000 
415, 000 

455, 000 






1,002.000 002,000 ii, 
1,221,000 1,244,000 11,038,000 
767,000 986,000 8,324,000 
632,000 902,000 7,870,000 
1,080,000 1,149,000 10,482,000 
1,171,000 1,273,000 11,340,000 










D81 




1,107,000 1,382,000 12,81 

1,149,1 1,880,000 10,871,000 

1,130,000 1,488,000 11,784,000 


1883 


1884 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



181 



No. 39. — Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Manu- 
factures of Wool Imported into and Exported prom Portugal for each 
year from 1874 to 1884, inclusive. 

[One kilogram equals 2.20462 pounds. One milreis equals $1.08.] 







Imports. 




Exports. 


Tear. 


Wool, raw. 


Manufactures of -wool. | "Wool, raw. 




Quantities. 


Values. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


1874 


Kilograms. 

1, 992, 000 

2, 624, 000 
1,559,000 

1, 629, 000 

2, 538, 000 
2, 092, 000 
2, 333, 000 
2, 889, 000 
2, 447, 000 
2, 743, 000 
2, 875, 000 


Milreis. 
671, 000 
836, 000 
601,000 
814, 000 
768, 300 
582, 000 
610, 000 
778, 000 
621, 000 
686, 000 
758, 000 


Kilograms. 
'632, 000 
806, 000 
678, 000 
723, 000 
615, 000 
461,000 
493, 000 
556, 000 
543, 000 
735, 000 
707, 000 


Milreis. 
1, 654, 000 
2, 148, 000 
1, 797, 000 
1, 853, 000 
1, 410, 000 
I, 038, 000 
1, 188, 000 
1, 496, 000 
1, 350, 000 
1, 479, 000 
1, 564, 000 


Kilograms. 
652, 400 
723, 800 
752, 40O 
987, 600 
879, 600 
722, 300 
1, 211, 700 
609, 000 
767, 000 
800, 000 
582, 000 


Milreis. 
217, 000 
224, 900 


1876 


1877 




1878 




1879 




1880 

1881 


381, 200 
198, 000 


1882 


1883 




1884 


134, 000 







No. 40. — Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Manu- 
factures of Wool Imported into and Exported from Eussia in Europe 
for each year from 1874 to 1884, inclusive. 

[One pood equals 36.0676 pounds. One silver rouble equals 58.2 cents.] 





Imports. 


Exports. 


Years. 


Wool, raw. 


Value of wool 
manufactures 


Wool, raw. 




Quantities. 


Values. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


1874 


Poods. 
536, 057 
648, 532 
443, 367 
355, 182 
794, 561 
979, 127 
821, 754 
747, 658 
807, 916 
610, 000 
503, 000 


Silver roubles. 
16, 468, 323 
19, 775, 260 
12, 725, 406 
11, 526; 607 
24, 487, 205 
29, 694, 183 
24, 405, 000 
24, 052, 000 
28, 717, 000 
22,431,000 
18, 607, 000 


Silver roubles. 
13, 329, 492 
16,120,057 
12, 635, 560 
6, 536, 367 
10, 536, 940 
12, 321, 290 
12, 103, 000 
7,711,000 
8, 964, 000 
6, 520, 000 
5, 467, 000 


Poods. 
1, 053, 936 

1, 339,' 682 
1, 093, 939 

953, 468 
1, 441, 466 
1, 015, 862 
1, 208, 984 

(a) 

(a) 


Silver roubles. 


1875 




1876 




1 877 


22, 374, 598 


1878 


1879 


10, 937, 206 
13, 659, 000 
11, 189, 4oO 
12, 323, 000 
(«) 


1880 


1881 


1882 


1883 


1884 







No. 41. — Statement showing, by Countries, the Quantities, and their total 
Values, of Manufactures of Wool Imported into and Exported from Spain 
in 1885. 



IMPORTS. 



Countries from which 
imported. 


Tarns. 


Carpets. 


Felts. 


Blankets. 


Hosiery. 


Cloths. 


Tissues. 




Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
38 


Pounds. 
432 
189 

211,792 

276, 408 

20, C07 

454 

3,224 

44 


Pounds. 

3,817 

72, 306 

514, 192 

231,324 

69, 1.s3 

20 

114 

22 


Pounds. 




3, 757 

145, 217 

42, 152 

8,944 

584 

123 


8, 199 

57, 192 

38, 534 

605, 381 

708 


167 

90, 292 

37, 055 

333, 433 

167 

756 

33 


70, 140 

1, 057, 043 




9, 058 

838 

8, 362 

71 

24 






67, 582 










414 










Total 


200, 777 


710, 42S 


461, 903 


18, 391 


51.9, 150 


890. 978 








Total value 


$173, 7S0 


$236, 337 


$131,422 


$12,005 


$727, 281 


$1,191,208 


$3, 306, 722 



182 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 41.— Statement showing, by Counties, the Quantities, and their total 
Values, of Manufactures of Wool Imported into and Exported from 
Spain in 1885 — Continued. 

EXPORTS. 



Countries to which exported. 


Yarns. 


Blankets. 


Hosiery. 


Cloth. 


Flannel*. 




Pounds. 
362 


Pounds. 
223 


Pounds. 

1,157 

57 


Pounds. 
12,341 


Pound*. 

7, 7(17 




128 


p , T>,;fnin anil Trfiland 


1,517 


1,982 
225 


357 
18, 675 
1,883 






5 
388 


7,842 






40 


('' t 






V, inn " 










1,001 


rnha° " 


476 


1,021 

1,065 

2,608 

185 


84 

77 


13,978 

2,485 


13, 245 




6, 088 






5, 778 

3,318 

791 


a n e P 






1,545 
996 
917 






57 
66 






1,371 


4,286 








Total 


2,355 


8,680 


1,891 


53, 174 


58, 649 








$1, 443 


$6, 079 


$2, 649 


$92, 339 


$64, 360 







No. 42— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Man- 
ufactures of Wool Imported into and Exported from Spain for each 

YEAR FROM 1874 TO 1884, INCLUSIVE. 



1 One kilogram eqnals 2. 20462 pounds. 


One peseta equals 19. 3 cents.] 






Imports. 


Exports. 


Year. 


Manufactures of wool. 


Wool, raw. 




Quantities. Values. 


Quantities. 


Values. 




Kilograms. Pesetas. 

995,000 j 10,193,000 

794, 000 9, 948, 000 

1, 363, 000 18. 938. 000 


Kilograms. 

1,960,000 
4, 225, 000 
1,851,000 


Pesetas. 










1877 


1, 521, 000 
1, 833, 445 

1, 810, 000 
1,818,000 

2, 081, 000 
2, 262, 000 
2, 096, 000 
2, 354, 000 


18,965,000 
26, 536, 000 
22, 812, 000 
23, 197, 000 
26, 454, 000 
29,831,000 
26, 643, 000 
30, 858, 000 


4,044,(1(1(1 7.529.1 




3,581,00(1 .-,.917,000 
3,840,000 '' 6, .'48,000 












2, 077, 000 5, 903, 000 




3,931,000 8,011,000 
3, 637, 000 7. 485 OOC 















No. 43.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and 
Manufactures of Wool imported into Spain for each year from 1373 
to 1833, inclusive. 

• * [One kilogram equals 2. 20462 pounds. One krona equals 26. 8 cents. ] 









Manufactures of wool. 


Year. 




Woolen yarn. 


Other manufactures. | Total 




Quantities. 


Values. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Quantities. Values. 


1*74 "!"!""" 
1875 


Kilograms. 
1,691,724 
1,579 551 
1,394,515 

1,861,739 
1, 848, 788 
857, 170 
911, 053 
1,280,888 
1,620,827 
1, 507, 946 
1,840,733 


Kronor. 

5, 969, 000 
5,573,000 
4,592,000 

(i, 569, 000 

6, 876, 000 
2, 520, 000 
2, 679, 000 
3,784,000 
4,861,000 

4, 705, 000 

5, 524,000 


Kilograms. 

490, 803 
580,118 
517,776 
607, 264 
603, 196 
489, 343 
547, 194 
551, 530 
635, 582 
801, 834 
918,461 


Krnnor. 
4,303,000 
3, 110, 000 
3, 647, 000 
8,942,000 
3, 128, 000 
2,697,000 
2, 655, ooo 
2,836,000 

2, 463. 000 


Kilograms. 
1,672,545 

1,568 548 


Kmnor. , Kronor. 
16,858,000 21. 161. ooo 
20.610, i 2.'!, 720, ooo 


1876 

1*77 

1878 


1,750.746 17,539,000 26.4-1. 

1,980,543 19,887. 2 1 - 






1880 

1881 

1882 

1883 


2,016. 163 

2, 163,024 
2,888,616 


23,556,000 

20,277,000 2.1,361.000 
23,196,000 26,619,000 

• 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



183 



No. 44. — Statement showing, by Countries, the Quantities and Values op 
Manufactures of Wool Imported into and Exported from Switzerland 

in 1885. 



Countries from which im- 
ported and to which 
exported. 



Imports. 



Exports. 



Tarns of all kinds. 



Imports. 



Exports. 



Pounds. Dollars. 



Pounds. Dollars 



Germany 

Austria-Hun gary 

France 

Italy 

Belgium 

Netherlands 

GreatBritainand Ireland 

Denmark 

Turkey in Europe 

Algiers 

Turkey, Asiatic 



Total 



441 
(*) 

221 



6, 835 1, 795 



Pounds. 
572, 955 
1,984 
188, 714 
1,764 
231, 302 
11, 023 
271, 647 



Dollars. 
487, 711 

1,631 
158, 974 

1,544 
197, 294 

9,544 
229, 824 



226 1,279,389 1,086,522 1,827,8 



Pounds. 
1, 447, 139 
189, 154 
6,834 
143, 520 
2,866 
441 
37, 037 
882 
(*) 
(*) 
(*) 



Dollars. 

1,100,611 

130, 056 

4,664 

86, 848 

'286 

32, 762 

978 



Countries from which im- 
ported and to which 
exported. 



Imports. 



Exports. 



Imports. 



Exports. 



Germany 

Austria-Hungary 

France 

Italy - 

Belgium 

Netherlands 

Great Britain and Ireland 

Russia 

Sweden and Norway 

Denmark 

Portugal 

Spain 

Greece 

Danubian countries 

Turkev in Europe 

Egypt": 

Algiers ' 

Other Africa 

T urkey, Asiatic 

Biitish'East Indies 

Dutch East Indies 

China, Japan, and 

French East Tndies 

British North America.. 
"United States of Anier- 



Poxinds. 

30, 644 

661 

11, 905 

23, 148 

221 



1,102 



Argentine Bepublic 
Australasia 



Dollars. 

5,365 

116 

2,084 

4,053 



Pounds. Dollars 



1,323 
221 

221 
221 



Pounds. 

3, 028, 459 

21,605 

1, 179, 682 

29, 542 

111,773 

20, 282 

1, 121, 260 



Dollars. 

3, 627, 975 

25, 515 

1, 408, 012 

36, 207 

136, 605 

24,858 

1, 371, 149 



Pounds. 
31, 967 
5,952 
73, 193 
31,305 
2,425 
441 
2,425 
1,323 
6,614 
2,866 



1,543 
661 

2,205 
661 

2,205 

4,409 
221 

1,102 



1,323 
441 



Dollars. 

33, 811 

6,105 

81,403 

33, 188 

1,941 

489 

3,144 

1,347 

6,285 

3,284 

5 

3,278 

1,698 

1,900 

811 

3,477 

6,167 

483 

1,830 

550 

1,428 

1,234 
212 



657 
1,984 I 1,525 



583 |5, 513, 484 |6, 631, 403 



177,250 | 196,64; 



Countries from which im- 
ported and to which 
exported. 



Germany 

Austria-Hungary 

France 

Italy 

Belgium 

Netherlands 

Great Britain and Ireland 

Russia 

Denmark 

Portugal 

Spain 



Imports. 



Pounds. 

119,710 

17, 196 

113, 356 

4,189 

661 

441 

14,771 



Dolla re 

104, 799 

1, 544 

09, 202 

3,067 

579 

386 

12, 931 



Exports. 



Pounds. 
1,984 
2,866 
7,717 
7,716 
441 
(*) 
52, 460 



Dollars. 

777 

786 

1,637 

2,172 

147 

19 

7,980 



Ribbons, fringes, and hosiery. 



Imports. 



Pounds. 

217, 193 

16, 975 

63, 713 

3,086 



Dollars. 

331,863 

22, 292 

100, 746 

5,211 



Exports. 



Pounds. 


7,496 


2, 205 


15,653 


13, 228 


1, 323 


1,984 


1,323 


221 


(*) 


221 


661 



Dollars. 
14, 989 
3, 428 
46, 772 
22, 141 

2, 232 
3,059 

3, 494 
131 

15 

479 

1,332 



184 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 44.— Statement showing, by Countries, tiie Quantities and Values oj 

MANUFACTURES OF Wool IMPORTED INTO and EXPORTED FROM SWITZERLAND 
ix 1683— Continued. 



Countries from which im- 
ported and to which 
exported. 


Blankets. 


Ribbons, fringes, and hosiery. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


K\ ports. 




Pounds. 


Dollars. 


Pounds. 


Dollars. 


Pounds. 


Dollars. 


Pounds. 

221 
281 

221 
1,984 


Dollars. 

91 


Ha nhimi'i nnntrifu 






(*) 

661 
1,321 


9 
189 






604 


i an jia rnn ' 










550 


i f - * 






186 






560 













2,344 








2, 205 


295 


















601 
(*) 

221 
882 

(*) 

(•) 


1,871 








882 


104 






9 


China, Japan, and 










395 


United States of America 


















221 
12, 787 
112,926 
31, 967 


26 

1,496 
18, 056 
4,0^6 



















2S 












IOC 












1,102 
1,984 


1,806 








1,688 


















270, 324 


223, 108 


236, 153 


37, 851 


307, 581 


469, 666 


51, 812 


110,243 







Countries from which im- 
ported and to which 
exported. 


Embroideries, laces, shawls, and 
scarfs. 




Carpets. 




Imports. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Exports. 




Pounds. 
50, 045 

1,102 
17, 857 

3,748 


Dollars. 
108, 582 

1,737 
45, 934 

6,330 


Pounds. 

35 
9 

46 
18 


Dollars. 

13, 253 

3,518 

29, 053 

6, 059 

447 

612 

7,676 

104 

164 

418 

39 

9 


Pauaie. 

128, 779 
1.984 
61,077 
3, 968 
14, 990 
4,1*9 
150, 306 
1,984 


Dollars. 
135. 254 

2,084 
04, 153 

4. 169 
15, 749 

4, 40(1 
164, 204 


Pounds. 

4,188 

660 

2, 646 

4.328 


Dollars. 


Austria-Hungary 




Italy 


1,527 












2 
29 




18 


Great Britain and Ireland 


2,425 


3,821 


220 


820 


Sl-j- 






<*) 
<*) 
(*) 
(*) 


























1*764 

221 


1,853 

232 






















(*) 














1, 323 
2,866 

441 


1,390 
3,011 

463 


















China, Japan, and 




















n 


699 
















(*) 






















75, 177 


166, 404 




62, 65i 


379, 892 


399, 046 


9,041 


7,884 







Countries from which imported and to which ex- 
ported. 


Felt, and partly manufaetureil felt 


Imports. 


Exports. 




Pounds. 

1,543 

662 

4,409 


Dollars. 

1, 168 

579 

6,774 


Pounds. 

1,884 

(*) 

5, 732 

6,612 

882 

411 
441 
221 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(-) 

(*) 
661 


Dollars. 






4,200 

4,511 
























































































695 














6,614 


8,511 




13, 806 







Quantities less than one quintal omitted. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



185 



No. 45.— Statement showing, by Countries, the Quantities and Values op 
Manufactures of Wool Imported into and Exported prom the United 
Kingdom in 1885. 









Imports. 






Countries from which imported. 


Woolen yarn. 




For fancy purposes. 


For weaving. 


Other. 




Pounds. 
20, 734 
79, 707 

1,116,812 

37, 920 

112 


Dollars. 
15, 840 
54, 695 
978, 833 
27, 987 
97 


Pounds. 

11, 019, 639 

2, 736, 767 

847, 007 

28, 457 


Dollars. 

6, 108, 027 

2, 047, 293 

462, 609 

16, 794 


Pounds. 


Dollars. 










16, 525 
9,544 


6, 979 




4,973 








783 


389 


9,889 


3, 874 










Total from foreign countries 


1,255,285 


1, 077, 452 


14, 632, 653 


8, 635, 112 


35, 958 


15, 826 




140 




















500 

20 


243 












24 
















140 
1, 255, 425 


49 






520 


267 












1, 077, 501 


14, 632, 653 


8, 635, 112 


36, 478 


16, 093- 













Imports. 






Countries from which imported. 


Manu- 
factures 
ofgoats' 
hair or 
wool. 


Cloths. 


Stuffs. 


Other. 




Dollars. 


Yards. 
461, 089 
194, 959 
311,115 
698, 919 


Dollars. 
389, 568 
102, 479 
267, 219 
522, 336 


Yards. 
761, 024 
50, 440, 434 

1, 351, 979 

2, 548, 143 


DoUarg. 
| 320, 673 
22, 840, 913 
l 590, 082 

1,134,362 


Dollars. 
404, 338 




8,793 


2, 504, 749 




1, 281, 228 




385, 662 


4, 621, 126 




581, 196 












19, 296 
25, 778 
















18, 290 
1,765 


18, 288 
1,129 




21, 169 




1,824 


16,310 


4,341 


24, 639 






Total from foreign countries 


396, 279 


1, 686, 137 


1,301,019 55,117,890 


24, 890, 371 


9, 483, 519 














4,920 




7,377 


1,512 
598 


1,353 

527 




1 


201, 030 




2,999 


798 


5,966 








Total from British Possessions . . 


7,377 


2,110 


1,880 


2,999 


■> 798 


211, 916 




403, 656 


1, 688, 247 


1,302,899 55. TO. 889 


,24, 891, 169 


9, 695, 435- 











186 WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

No. 45.— Imports and Exports of Manufactures of Wool into 





Exports. 


Countries to which exported. 


Woolen yarn. 


"Worsted yarn. 




Pounds. 


Dollars. 


Pounds. 
1, 600, 500 
1,943,900 
1,007,800 

17,951, 300 
9, 733, 700 
1, 776, 500 
4,215,400 


Dollars. 
824,152 

807,971' 

453, 130 

8, 391, 540' 

4,861,376 

880, 102 

2, 228, 920 












766, 600 

104, 700 

640, 800 

1, 263, 400 


385, 602 
45, 10» 
272. B72 
854, 309 


























387,600 


182,854 


























































United States of America: 






993, 200 


495, 181 


























































Chili 










































145, 200 


71, 323 


189, 500 


97, 371 




Total to foreign countries 


2, 920, 700 


1, 629, 314 


39, 798, 800 


19, 222, 587 



















British India : 






























100,800 


59,089 




54,000 


26, 187 




: "■ 








168, 300 


106,902 






















111,900 
93, 400 

104, 100 


72, 676 
51,926 
67, 250 










85, 400 


58, 437 






14, 600 


8,380 


39,600 


26, 625 






154, 000 


93, 004 


618, 100 


384, 468 






3, 074, 700 


1, 722, 318 


40,416,900 


19, 607, 055j 





WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 187 

AND FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM, BY COUNTRIES. 1885— Continued. 

Exports. 
"Woolen fabrics. "Worsted fabrics. 



Coatings, duffels. 
Coatings, duffels, &c, of wool 
&c, all wool. mixed with other 

materials. 



Coatings, duf- 
fels' &c. 



Stuffs. 



Yards. 

36, 200 

80, 000 

63, 300 

1, 263. 600 

351, 100 

1, 061, 800 

4, 051, 900 

107, 200 

43,300! 

582, 900 

43, 600 

""""96,900 



Dollars. | Yards. \ Dollars. \ Yards. \ Dollars, i Yards. \ Dollars. 



104, 119; 438, 600 

84, 521 362, 400 

1,675,740! 1,785,400 

422,183) 1,391,0C0 
1,414,774 3.388,000' 
3,703,636 7,563,400 

159,899 i 



289. 245; 458, 200 

233, 63l! 190, 500 

1,003,564 1,133,800 

861, 079 615, 400 



2,078,910 
3,841,119 



34, 900 
77,400 



73, 397 
726, 043 

74, 423 



987, 200: 480, 309 



169, 417 
1, 509, 909 



6, 053 



53, 500 
563, 000 



12.5. 600 
189, 700 



1, 590, 000 
4,818,900 1,282, 

189, 9001 48, 

155, 700 77, 

2, 383, 200 657, 



1, 791, i 



146, 900 


202, 729 


96, 600 


96, 900 


90, 230 


134, 500 


64, 300 


107, 802 


125, 400 


431,800 


565, 586 


548, 900 


225, 200 


253, 000 


326, 200 



312,517 1,329. 



5,700 91,982 



1, 745, 300 



450, 600 

1, 247, 300 

268, 100 

942, 700 

.1 177,2001 

68, 107 755, 200 
91, 271 2, 375, 400 
122, 417 800, 
452, 740j 1, 954, COO 
233,407 1,059,200 



506,316 
84, 341 



509, 294 



112, 
192, 563 

79, " 
425, 152 

63, 357 
217,693 
577, 756 
269, 
708, 256 
280, 252 



132, 000 140, 

58, 000 42, 343 

164, 000 140, 073 

343, 800 336, 737 



7, 100 315, : 



159, 400 102, 167 



3, 451, 700 3, 614, 817 



Yards. | Dollars. 



2, 296, 500 1 331, 292 
624,400; 104,868 

3, 872, 500 1 575, 838 
8,072,200 1,263,017 
9,609,400 1,536,179 

20,563,600 4,048,388 

1, 506, 800; 197, 667 

541,900 ; 71,104 

11,179,800! 1.414,059 



509, 900 89, 188 

3, 650, 700, 543, 734 
625, 100 102, 289 

12, 943, 900! 2, 670, 935 

4, 506, 200 ( 808, 335 

31,684,900 5,274,848 

251, SOOi 55, 342 

535, 700 68, 199 

972, 200 1 108, 187 



621, 400! 114, 329 



2, 489, 700 1 

3, 264, 300 
1, 439, 200 
3, 596, 600! 
1,581,400' 



263, 706 
455, 641 
186,051 
426, 475 
241, 677 



12, 045. 901 19, 870, 800 12, 499, 732 27, 069, 500 



, 200 4, 922, 951 



127, 000, 100 20, 951, 348 



, 900; 167, 456 



403, 500 
237, 900 



267, 00 J 



230, 400 
833. Dim 
746, 500 
142, 100 
124'J, 700 
40, 200 
975, 200 
131, 100 
164, 000 



304, 278 
188, 582 



741, 500 
321, 200 



292, 900 



9,716 

0,330 550,20(1 



739,328 ... 
127.444 ... 
242,965 ... 
41,769 
1,025,128 1, 
98, 483 
167, 025 



30S, 000 
570, 400 

125.d00 
L-7. 100 



182, 
1, 152, 

1, 279, 

1, 349, 

131, 

1, 237. 



54, 276 
219, 36' 

292, 452 
364, 292 
37, 998 

SS8, 443 



218, 800 34, 956 
416,000 61,235 



55, 500 44, 859 



l.oCo, 
4, 166, 
3, 019, 

776, 
1, 202, 

386, 
3, 461, 

451, 



213, 308 
865, 789 
632, 932 
142, 564 
279, 004 
75, 173 
1,001,063 
117, s; 
104, 5: 



359, 800 
261, 900 



155,900 
729, 300 



418, 200 

982, 800 

839, 200 

5, 201, 500 



1, 926, 500 
1, 788, 100 



149, 903 
667, 952 



I, 900 60, 656 
4, 788, 7431, 632, 3001, 514, 314 



1, 876, 900 
885, 300 



434, 700 
425, 200 



75, 703 
191, 643 
155, 027 
956, 219 



378, 224 
323, 394 



335, 891 
160, 025 
1, 598, 902 
81,489 
67, 571 



4,259.750 4, 



301.1 



2, 241, 494 20, 345, 000 



24, 349, 500 



4, 420, 



16, 305, 651 24, 057, 100 



14, 741, 226 47, 414, 500 



, 500 6, 437, 265 



151, 349, 600 



188 WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

No. 45. — Imports and Exports of Manufactures <>f Wool in - ; 





Exports. 


Countries to which exported. 


Flannels. 


Carpets not being 
rugs. 




Yards. 


Dollars. 


Yards. 


Dollars. 








204,900 

94, 400 
223,300 

456, 800 
522, 300 
1, 660, 900 
95,000 
549, 900 
163, 100 


116,183 
63, B85 
168, 17.; 
270,689 

48,480 
250, 4 of, 
81, 932 






















70, 500 


19, 792 


































204, 000 
201, 300 


101, 564 
84,073 










80, 000 


17, 325 




















100, 900 
72, 800 


24, 688 
17, 334 








1, 107, 300 


850, S54 










111,300 

. 121,500 

305, 300 


54,656 

55, i 12 

141.47H 








Chili 






Brazil 












7H.9IKI 
487, !00 
364,900 


49.41(1 
296, 2SS 
153,397 










373, 600 


83, 227 


















o-l 8, 000 








British India: 


09, 300 


37,117 












129, 500 


24, 819 














89.), 700 
1,981,700 
1, 977, 800 

554,000 
1, 060, 200 

Jj56, 70(1 

1,324,200 

278, 000 


158, 000 
309,443 

399, 866 
122,811 

196, 237 

3i,e->3 

203, 322 
57, 862 








760. 600 


398, 800 
314,425 








340, 000 

304, 700 

1, 881, 100 


168,016 
156,229 
895, 334 










128, 100 


63, 892 




Total to British Possessions 


10, 398, 500 




4, 070, 300 


2, 033. 813 




11, 096, 300 


2, 130, 700 


11, 082, 500 


5, 783, 747 





WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 189 

and from the United Kingdom, by Countries, 1885— Continued. 



Exports. 



Blankets. 


Shawls. 


Bugs, coverlets, or 
wrappers. 


o 

H 


no 3 

a£g 

o o a 

§ m fl 

U%. 
— < o g-a 

CO 


Tarn, alpaca, mo- 
hair, and other sorts 
unenumerated. 


Pairs. 


Dollars. 


Number. 


Dollars. 


Number. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 
28, 940 
41, 161 


Pounds. 
113, 700 


Dollars. 














54, 695 
39, 059 
140, 287 

87^ 378 
223, 950 












15, 822 
45, 387 
25, 545 
63, 912 
171, 312 


31, 946 
92, 843 
31, 326 

87,144 
286, 009 






15, 319 


26, 610 






89, 033 

. 27, 982 
58, 544 
45, 692 


4, 863, 700 

4, 613, 300 

748, 700 

1, 187, 700 


2, 437, 012 














































49, 194 
43, 518 


35,715 
46, 495 


















54, 247 


28, 080 


103, 300 




36, 743 


115, 467 

















107, 749 










































10, 685 


32, 844 
227, 626 


















124, 679 







































141, 244 


231, 601 


59, 217 


88, 249 


531, 339 


125, 818 


471, 100 




16, 358 


31, 150 







































26, 043 


30, 498 
102, 878 

52, 777 
159, 339 
146, 487 


















89, 048 






115, 704 
39, 812 
11C, 155 
102, 007 


81, 820 
55, 702 
108, 148 
168, 190 










29, 384 


14, 407 
31, 438 
154, 434 


39, 341 
67, 708 
124, 247 










93, 959 


36, 757 
151, 256 








79, 866 


117, 006 


83, 000 


19, 753 


522, 084 


925, 676 

242, 337 

43, 005 
29, 457 
76, 959 
152, 774 


311,523 

21, 834 

70, 784 
424, 705 


462, 897 

21, 773 

29, 987 
247, 306 


841, 585 
121, 101 
61, 945 


1, 113, 587 
174, 488 
65, 186 


1, 468, 686 


562, 256 


12, 184, 500 


5, 824, 090 


100, 169 


72, 005 
79, 431 








27, 460 










155, 183 






40, 488 












49, 371 






10, 046 
131,820 


31, 486 
206, 456 












46, 738 


39, 239 




89, 203 










110, 713 
230, 594 
141, 756 






99, 504 


205, 673 
289, 177 
124, 573 
144, 136 
96, 678 
















57, 696 


























133, 595 
60, 564 








48, 565 


















51, 199 
























23, 568 


35, 740 


44, 887 


31, 480 


10,150 


14, 999 


48, 310 


73, 109 


8,800 


4,862 


694, 996 


1, 501, 846 


660, 147 


436, 038 


341, 062 


492, 615 


1, 234, 402 


450, 307 


8,800 


4,862 


1, 217, 080 


2, 427, 51.2 


1, 001, 670 


898, 935 















190 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 46.— Statement showing, by Countries, iuk Quantities op Wool (Sheep, 
Lamb, and Alpaca) Imported into the United Kingdom during each tear 
from 1844 to 1660, inclusive. 

[From McCullough's Commercial Dictions 



Spain, 



Germany, 

viz, Meck- 
lenburg, Other 
Banover, oonntriesof 

Oldenburg, Europe. 

and Hanee 
Towns. 



1844 

1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1853 
1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 



Poundf. 
918, 853 

1, 074, 540 

1, 020, 476 
424,408 
106, 638 
127, 559 
440, 757 
383, 150 
233, 413 
154, 14(1 
424, 300 
68, 750 
55, 090 
397, 238 
110,510 
153, 874 

1, 000, 227 



Pounds. 
21,847,684 
18, 484, 736 
15.8C8.705 
12,673,814 
14, 429, 101 
12, 750,011 
9, 166,731 
8,219,236 
12,765,253 
11, 584, 8U0 | 
11,448,518 
6, 128,626 
8,687,781 
6, 088, 002 
10, 595, 180 
19,820,557 
18, 438, 488 



Pounds. 

15,313,087 
17,606,515 
11,733,601 

7, 935, 697 
7,024,098 

8,703,252 
14,263, 156 
13,382, L40 

26, 861, 160 
14.481,483 

8, 119, 408 
14,480,869 
23, 802, 520 
17,926,859 
18,659,275 
17,454,604 



British Pos British Po* 
ib in sessions in 
South At'- thi 
rica. Indies. 



l'i>nn<h. 

2, 197, 143 

3 (77,392 

3, 197, 250 

5, 377, 195 

5,816,591 

7,221,448 
8,223,598 

16.. 574.: 145 



Pounds. 
2, 765, 853 

4,570,681 
8,063,142 
5,997,433 
4, 182,858 

4,649,520 
14,965,191 

19,370,741 

14, 363, 403 
20,214, 17.! 



British 
settlements South 
in Anstra- America, 
lia. 



Other 
countries. 



1844. 
1845. 
1846. 
1847. 
1848. 
1849. 
1850. 
1851. 
1852. 
1853. 
1854. 
1355. 
1856. 
1857. 
1858. 
1859. 



Pounds. 
17, 602, 247 
24, 177, 317 
21, 789, 346 
26,056,815 
30, 034, 567 
35,879.171 
39, 018. 221 
41,810,117 
43, ! 97. 3H1 
47, 076, 010 
47, 489, 650 
49, 142, 306 

52, 052, 13:1 
49, 209, 655 
51,104,500 

53, 700, 481 
59, 165, 939 



Pounds. 
3, 760, 003 
0, 468, 338 

7, 295, 650 
8.851,211 
6,014,525 
5,296,648 
4,850,048 

9, 740,032 

7, 106, 708 

8, 070, 317 

9, 306, 886 
10,046,381 

9,711,172 
8. 890, 940 



POUfMfo 

1,513 619 

2, 404, 023 

1. 865, 780 

1.00 1. 079 

2.518,394 

3, 42o. 157 

2,954,921 
3,376, I4S 

7. 287, 028 

2, 606, 531 
6, 657, 861 



65,713,701 

74,820,778 
93,761,458 
106, 121,995 
116,211,892 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUKES OF WOOL. 



191 







• COI> 

^t-o- 


LO 


ot-HO^^ioiot-r-^at-HrtH^oomoooo 
M»C)§SrcHo5lociHcoiS«ic;ncon!Oino> 


oun 
795 
866 

444 
539 
701 
785 
870 
073 
853 
70S 
109 

790 
170 
990 
035 
530 
162 
724 
100 
557 
019 
712 
007 
185 


P 

92 
123 
113 
150 
129 
172 
142 
147 
141 
170 
188 
168 
194 
200 
192 
217 
222 

17;; 

220 
184 
22.. 
218 
249 
238 


Total ex- 
ported 
(foreign 

and colo- 
nial). 


is. 

104 
499 

739 
933 
488 
5S4 
311 
305 
384 
304 
247 
172 

372 
627 
544 
OOS 
589 
927 
744 
084 
073 
075 


Poun 

54, 377 
48, 076 
63, 932 

55, 933 
82, 444 
66, 573 
90, 832 

105, 070 
110,608 
92, 542 
134, 866 
137,511 
123, 246 
144, 294 
172,075 
173,020 
187,418 
199, 286 
243, 386 
237, 408 
205, 583 

27 7,231 
276, 919 
267, 501 


1 

o 

Pi 

a 

o 


i> 


£ 
717, 686 
773, 943 
884, 572 
503, 483 
930,430 
550, 871 
178, 034 
120, 498 
096, 740 
812, 598 
926, 639 
523, 350 
541, 678 
116. 184 
437, 413 
637, 809 
567, 312 
128,234 
564. 064 
375, 407 
011, 024 
995, 674 
953, 132 
517, 920 
177, 688 


H^22t°' 2l2 t ~ ;o:v -i : ; : l ' . _._, -T^J 0-1 




ounds. 
172, 841 
943, 472 
377, 664 
473, 045 
206, 747 
358, 689 
703, 184 
744, 155 
461, 689 
250, 499 
036, 299 
379, 664 
030, 779 
470, 897 
005, 578 
055, 759 
949, 198 
449, 435 
110,099 
50S, 903 
141,735 
985. 057 
940, 779 
526, 661 
687, 590 


P 

147 

17! 
177 
200 
212 
239 
233 
252 
258 
203 
123 
306 

;is 

34 4 
',05 
190 
409 
399 
417 
403 
150 
188 
495 
520 
505 


1 

g 

o 

1 

H 


All other 
countries. 


ds. 

505 
974 
399 
122 
200 
089 
4' '4 
280 
052 
275 
130 
992 
448 
i96 
300 
222 
54 ! 
032 
091 
00 i 
303 
014 
340 
020 
758 


1109 
518 
787 
718 

oio 

300 
109 
561 
835 
010 
115 
708 
723 
807 
440 
425 
974 
039 
023 
948 
027 
577 
220 
138 


N*t-oiMoeoat ,«NOr,xcsoioi-pr-o»cB<B 


South 
America. 


'ounds. 

351, 777 
004,915 
248,181 
302, 952 
807, 853 
152, 277 
.381,281 
025,719 
117,951 
693, 777 
229, 406 
918, SOS 
009, 202 
878,918 
95 4,327 
543. 550 

352, 301 
259, 754 

807, 057 
282, 200 
873, 192 
872,521 
004,219 
302,870 

808, 622 


K i«MCCOl>Hr-:':^:,-,:i^^--HL';^:iOL';ot-L01M 


4j a 


ounds. 

500, 222 
339, 842 
173,440 
037, 459 
734, 201 
773, 094 
108, 176 
745, 499 
477, 900 
081, 427 
710, 507 
201,712 

004, 940 
383,031 
631, 716 
809, 157 
247, 190 
172, 193 
831. 804 
020, 054 

005, 855 
783, 78G 
685, 606 
403, 669 
055, 791 


Rjco — r- r. - :.-..-■ /. > : ■ i i - • ■ -..;• 
■ toix-oo-nraot-m^TCiK, < i -t> ira oo \a 

HH^HHr-<Hr-^:]r,-,:j ; 1 Tl CO CO CO CO CO CO 




'ounds. 
101,004 

959, 404 
670, 111 
425, 355 
105, 017 
679, 969 
254, 020 
602, 442 
796, 579 
143, 148 
217, 948 
493, 860 
302, 908 
127, 534 
819, 289 
453, 817 
566, 074 
030, 725 
202, 554 
190, 049 
215, 225 
923, 704 
822,15.0 
799, 268 
697, 174 


^ o t- o o t> io id t> oo n x 7 :. .' i - . ., :. , to ■* ■* 10 


British 
posses- 
sions in 
South 
Africa. 


286 

017 
805 
025 
000 
750 
572 
882 
271 
735 
505 
187 
072 
213 
317 
778 
048 
291 
830 
875 
005 
081 
652 
407 


Poun 
18, 676 
18, 930 
20, 160 
19,880 
20, 220 
29. 249 
36, 126 
35, 993 

34, 307 
52,785 
3,2, 072 

35, 019 
42, 057 
42, 232 
44, 112 
42, 158 
41, 607 
40, 955 
15,020 
51,585 
49, 530 
53, 876 
48, 870 
51, 334 
47, 013 


fcJO 


>« : 




077 
579 
523 
072 
709 
808 
143 
859 
590 
542 
700 
819 
842 
309 
014 


s . 




T. ' . ::: ! ' 7 , ' 1 - T CO' t— If. 








S : 




! ■ • i ! i ■ i>oVm"n" »3-*s<fs<riif-<" 1-TkT cfef 








■9«i 

5«g 


-§ : 




■ ' '• ■ '• ' •ic-3^-»s2ibcoo3t-!cSS-* 


S '• 




511 

118 
089 
008 
811 
18t 
98t 
6f5 

ei5 

OSO 
196 
508 
15.7, 
880 




; ■ ; ; ; ; |Oi-iX»cat>n»Noa»OH 


Holland 

and 
Belgium. 


'3 ! 




4, 800, 456 
3, 623, 407 

2, 240, 858 

5, 036, 272 

3, 915, 254 

6, 060, 206 

4, 305, 246 

4, 970, 063 

6, 345, 501 

7, 838, 971 
5,133,227 

5, 919, 727 
5,716,133 

4, 664, 701 

5, 268, 013 








o 
a 


1 i 
S 1 




■ • ' ' ' • CO — •§ S C§ Tl 2 OO = — CO CO 'S 1- Tl 

; ; ; ; ; ; .ooH^ciocoHao^-cosm 


<=a 


r§ ci in ,-, - :c -r i- ir' co X _] Z i! cc i"- 51 ~ -'- '- ~. Lc S ^ co o 
S E-T™ ^Tj2 2? o'er" ~ - - rj-. _f :"_f ?'~ '-' .c;5;5:c':;5-"i7 ; "2' , o" 

O CO CC- 00 I- ~ -3- r-l CO CO ^ ^ t- ?4 S CO CO OC OC C C — Tl t- CO IS CO 

ftn eo oo ao sf r>Httioc-' * oo looo i>i>oo oTtj<" ^TtCefco^dt'*? .h 


.3 

a 


Pounds. 
20, 790, 004 
34,776,271 
25, 530, 838 
32, 352, 7G2 

27, 529, 844 
31, 208, 180 
17, 2c?8, 080 
16,455,714 
17, S90, 863 
19,305,704 
15,381,831 
12, 723, 656 
11,168,563 
11,930,451 
15, 084, 044 
12, 948, 451 
12, 920, 038 

8, 626, 750 
15, 924, 829 
20,082,340 
15,794,097 
17,537,760 

28, 148, 121 
22, 999, 967 

29, 649, 380 




CO 

3 

CO 
















Hr)CO«10tDMK)0!Or,«MtO!Ot-flOaO«N»-*m 
lD0CD0 = 200SI-l-M-l-,-,-,-l-|.J. CO CO 00 00 CO 

co co co co co ex x o ,. o ;c . o o x x co :/. co x c x oo oc oo 



192 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 48.— Statement showing the Total Quantities and Values of Mantjfai r- 
ures of Wool Imported into the United Kingdom each Year from 1861 to 
1885, inclusive. 

[One pound sterling equals $4.8665. ] 









Woolen and worsted yarn 










"Woolen rags. 










All other 
manu- 
factures 


Total value 


Tears. 


Berlin wool and yarn 






of i he im- 
ports of 








used for fancy pur- 
poses. 


For weaving. 


of wool. 


manufact- 
ures of wool. 




Tons. 


£ 


Pounds. 


£ 


Pounds. 


£ 


• £ 


£ 


1861.... 


10, 653 


336, 107 


214, 217 


58, 910 


1,302,874 


306, 648 


1,419,336 


2, 121, #01 


1662.... 


13, 109 


437, 056 


193, 098 


53, 103 


2, 051, 603 


401,611 


1.574,2*1 




1863.... 


15,417 


551, 824 


213, 528 


58, 723 


4, 312, 857 


970, 394 


1,813,894 


3, 3-J4, 835 


1864.... 


15, 642 


642, 907 


174,653 


48, 031 


4, 479, 984 


1, 008, 004 


1, 849, 550 




1865.... 


14, 585 


565, 861 


211,244 


58, 092 


4, 180, 846 


940, 692 


1,891,104 


3, 455, 749 


1866.... 


15,797 


530, 947 


287, 367 


79, 028 


6, 997, 889 


1,574.527 


2,030,671 


4,221,173 


1867.... 


14, 542 


395, 801 


303, 918 


73, 902 


5,514,917 


1, 08l», 350 


•j, 105,600 


3, 904, 653 


1868.... 


15, 922 


370, 412 


387, 255 


87, 133 


8. 950, 092 


1, 500, 371 


2, 373, 366 


4, 397, 282 


1869.... 


16, 699 


373, 322 


434, 897 


97, 855 


9, 587, 631 


1,077,834 


2, 534, 523 


4, 683, 534 


1870.... 


17,210 


400, 326 


611, 013 


123, 9S4 


9, 683, 402 


1,511.170 


3, 362, 650 


5, 398, 136 


1871.... 


24, 219 


498, 754 


464, 058 


81, 883 


11,665,465 


1,6*7, 2*9 


4. 637, 025 




1872.... 


29, 302 


534, 329 


423, 563 


83,010 


11. 700, 4.'7 


1,382,084 


4, 038, 660 


6, 038, 089 


1873.... 


24, 827 


468, 556 


325, 259 


59, 194 


13, 169, 002 


1, 496, 463 


3, 846, 602 




1874.... 


25, 581 


547, 399 


633, 320 


107, 471 


13.131,850 


1, 494, 945 


3,973,811 


6, 128,6*6 


1875.... 


25, 415 


599, 402 


727, 214 


145,049 


11,700,928 


1, 327, 887 


4, 308, 357 




1876.... 


28, 847 


660, ?60 


841, 878 


162, 387 


12,909,902 


1, 538, 496 


4,920,7)1 




1877.... 


33, 408 


700, 256 


976, 044 


190, 369 


12, 948, 662 


1. 540, 239 


5. 235, 948 




1878.... 


32, 376 


739, 137 


1, 028, 550 


204, 428 


11, 343, 339 


1. 365, 4:*1 


5,934,748 


8, 243, 744 


1879.... 


33, 309 


660, 046 


887, 233 


167, 719 


10, 022, 139 


1, 233. 402 


5, 637, 675 


7, 698, £42 


1880... 


41, 2C6 


820, 366 


752, 700 


128. 170 


14.194.079 


1, 713, 959 


7, 649, 778 


10.312.279 


1881.... 


35, 265 


761, 591 


663, 922 


117, 080 


10, 068, 329 


1, 236, 737 


5, 985, 863 


8,101,271 


1882.... 


37, 511 


820, 616 


938, 819 


16C, 373 


12, 731, 339 


1, 585, 325 


5, 982, 449 


f, 554, 703 


1883.... 


35, 767 


757, 277 


951, 221 


170, 593 


14,558,567. 


1, 831, 010 


6, 251, 281 


9, 010, 161 


1884.... 


31, 022 


678, 525 


1, 094, 620 


200, 440 


13, 341, 685 


1,675,019 


6, 831, 737 


9, 385, 721 


1885.... 


32 642 


681, 995 


1, 255, 425 


221,412 


14, 632, 653 


1, 774, 399 


7, 374, 808 


10, 052, 614 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



193 



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194 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 50.— Statement showing the Total Values of Woolen and Worsted 
Goods and Yarn Exported from the United Kingdom in Different Years 
from 1718 to 1860. 

[From McCulloch's Commercial Dictionary.] 



Tears. 


Woolen and 
worsted yarn. 


Other manu- 
factures. 


Total. 






Official value. 
£2, 962, 000 

3, 056, 000 

4, 320, 000 

5, 453, 300 
4,113,(1110 

2 589, 000 
5,190,000 

0, 917, 000 
5, 773, 000 

Declared value. 
5, 586, 000 
4, 728, 000 
5, 327, 000 
8, 588, 000 
12, 156, 998 


Official value. 
£2,962,000 
3,056,000 
4,820,000 
5,468,800 
4. 118,000 


1740 .' 




1750 




1760 




]770 




1780 




1790 






1800 




i; 917 ii, o 


1810 




5, 773, OHO 

Declared value. 
5, 580, 000 
4, 851, 000 


1820 




1830 


£122,430 

452, 000 

1,451,000 

3, 843, 450 


1840 


1850 


10,040,000 
16, 000, 448 


1860 





WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



195 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



199 



No. 52. — Statement showing the Values of Manufactures of Wool Imported 

INTO ANH) THE QUANTITIES AND VALUES OF WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL 

Exported from British India for each year from 1876 to 1885, inclusive. 





Imports. 


Exports. 


Tears. 


Manufact- 
ures of wool. 


"Wool, raw. 


Manufact- 
ures of wool. 


1876 


£ 

869, 7C0 

811,652 

782, 781 

878, 042 

927, 876 

1,299,130 

1, 121, 232 

984, 873 

1, 217, 053 

1,234,428 


Pounds. 
24, 138, 636 

24, 588, 131 
23,612,983 

27, 791, 684 

28, 666, 852 

25, 748, 121 
26, 757, 352 

26, 380, 327 
25, 229, 180 
25, 540, 253 


1,109,740 

1, 102, 913 

966, 845 

1,109,702 

1, 187, 799 

1, 170, 624 

1,042,246 

1, 002, 833 

983, 002 

994,319 


£ 

217, 202 
232, 274 
223, 324 
202, 289 
162,229 
230, 601 

183] 348 
156, 509 
150, 823 


1877 


1878 


1879 


1880 


1881 


1882 


1883 


1884 


1885 





No. 53.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool Imported 
into and Exported from New South Wales for each year from 1875 to 
1884, inclusive. 



1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 



Imports. 



Wool, raw. 



Pounds. 
8, 357, 279 
6, 765, 995 

4, 646, 262 

5, 449, 582 
6, 454, 370 

10, 945, 930 
8, 096, 141 
8,316,114 
16, 765, 446 
11, 404, 239 



Exports. 



Wool, raw. 



Pounds. 
47, 628, 810 
54, 872, 771 
107, 897, 141 
116, 005, 930 
129, 123, 573 
162, 486, 322 
147, 183, 687 
153, 351, 354 
199, 638, 895 
183, 016, 518 



3, 193, 320 
3, 299, 738 
5, 626, 602 
5, 960, 206 
0, 769, 294 
8, 437, 534 
7, 530, 792 
7, 773, 704 
10,136,244 



No. 54.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Manu- 
factures of Wool Imported into and of Wool Exported from Victoria 
for each year from 1875 to 1884, inclusive. 



1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
187!) 
1880 
1881 
1882 



Imports. 



Pounds. 
41,417,925 
40,831,787 
45, 631, 322 
49, 170, 516 
50, 046, 396 
60, 723, 152 
59, 345, 348 
53,839,219 
45, 520, 395 
59, 675, 280 



£ 

310, 477 
179, 184 
030, 129 
362, 697 
494, 573 
977,204 
8S7, 260 
734, 738 
043, 588 
575, 905 



Manufact- 
ures of wool. 



Exports. 



Pounds. 

85, 064, 952 
106, 265, 877 

98, 468, 208 
101,809,809 

95,628,281 
112, 486, 206 
103, 449, 800 
108,028,601 
109,616,610 
119, 542, 407 



& 
6, 096, 958 
6, 413, 754 
5,670,871 
5,810,148 
5, 209, 034 
0,417,466 

5. 450, 066 
5 902, 624 

6, 054, 613 
6, 342, 887 



200 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 55.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool Imported 
into and Exported from South Australia for each year from 1875 to 
1884, inclusive. 



Tears. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


"Wool, raw. 


Wool, raw. 


1875 i 


Pounds. 
7, 165, 355 
9, 086, 734 
3, 386, 827 
13, 414, 375 
9, 693, 656 
10, 009, 719 
8,160,235 
17, 775, 606 
13, 209, 299 
16. 816, 008 


£ 

377, 699 
438, 079 
1 13, 340 
667, 891 
437, 190 
508, 397 
338, 659 
863, 874 
601,178 
793, 206 


Pounds. 
44,508,074 
43, 008, 795 
50,010,902 
67, 982, 403 

49, 402, 149 
51,544,118 

50, 336, 010 
57, 926, 306 
55, 403, 920 
61,112,240 


£ 
2, 006, 227 
1, 836, 299 
2,189,418 
2, 417. 397 
1.984, ST!) 


1876 


1877 






1880 


1881 






2, 400, 568 

2,4110, 70S 
2, 616, 626 


1883 


1884 





No. 56.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool Exported 
from Tasmania for each year from 1875 to 1884, inclusive. 



Years. 


Wool, raw. 


Years. 


Wool 


raw. 


1875 


Pounds. 
6, 199, 248 

6, 848, 517 
8, 016, 396 

7, 512, 662 
7, 385, 002 


£ 
433, 550 
439, 603 
522, 885 


1880 


Pounds. 
9, 025, 288 
8, 269. 724 
7, 748, 542 
8, 257, 765 
8,215,101 


£ 


187« 


1881 


498, 400 


1877 


1 BB82 




479, 165 
407, 227 


f 1883 


450, 367 
453, 567 




1 1884 







No. 57. — Statement showing the Values of Manufactures- of Wool Im- 
ported into and the Quantities and Values of Wool Exported from New 
Zealand for each year from 1875 to 1884, inclusive. 





Imports. 


Exports. 


Years. 


Manufact- 
ures 
of wool. 


Wool, raw. 




£ 
216,116 
137, 763 
107, 594 
137,207 
174, 138 
105, 103 

97, 245 
155,814 
130, 242 
100, 521 


Pounds. 
54,401,540 
59, 853, 454 
61,481,324 
69, 270. 258 
62, 220, M0 
66,860, 150 
59,521,564 
65, 356, 807 
68,182,450 
81,139,028 


£ 
3, 398, 155 
3,395,816 
8, 658, 938 

3, 292, 807 
;i. 120,4 :io 
3, 1G!», 300 
214,040 
3,119,837 
3,015,461 
3, 267, 527 























No. f 8. — Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool Exported 
from Queensland for each year from 1875 to 1884, inclusive, 



Years. 


Wool 


raw. 


Years. 


Wool 


raw. 


1875 


Pounds. 
20, 145, 914 
22, 918, 560 
23, 980, 485 
21,668,122 
22, 582, 834 


£ 
1,306,030 
1,499.576 
1,499,682 
l,18,->, 659 
1, 238, 518 


1880 


Pounds. 
24, 360, 723 
25, 388, 013 
24,70:1,149 
43,231,606 
35, 525, 977 


£ 
L, 387, 580 


1876 


1881 


187* 


1882 


1,329,019 

2, 277, 878 
1, 889, 504 




1879 


1884 







WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



201 



No. 59.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values op Manufactures 
of Wool Imported into and of Wool Exported from Natal for each 
year from 1875 to 1884, inclusive. 





Imports. 


Exports. 


Tears. 


Manufactures of wool. 


Wool, 






Blankets. 


Other manufactures. 






Pounds. 
42, 852 
63, 261 
32, 252 
72, 358 
119, 872 
176, 116 
86, 974 
131, 212 
74, 390 
74, 660 


£ 
27, 664 
38, 481 
16, 818 
37, 101 
61, 902 
106, 461 
43, 949 
73,183 
43,031 
35, 147 


Yards. 
270, 456 
98,164 
152, 063 
207, 515 
389, 702 
356, 035 
152, 697 
361, 103 
317, 654 
428, 164 


£ 
19, 961 
9,632 
13,418 
16, 368 
19, 972 
, 23,310 
10, 842 
21, 011 
19, 345 
21, 863 


Pounds. 
8, 109, 447 
8, 550, 177 
10, 012. 356 
12, 077, 966 
12, 029, 216 
15, 283, 049 
12,578,781 
14,056,126 
15, 826, 915 
17. 330, 981 


£ 
389, 285 


1876 


1877 






429, C57 






529, 321 
450, 938 




1882 


1883 




1884 









No. 60. — Statement showing the Values of Manufactures of Wool Imported 

INTO, AND THE QUANTITIES AND VALUES OF WOOL EXPORTED FROM, THE CaPE 

of Good Hope for each Year from 1875 to 1884, inclusive. 





Imports. 


Exports. 


Tears. 


Manufact- 
ures of 
-wool. 


Wool, raw. 




£ 
266, 867 
225, 563 
163, 813 
198, 521 
279,456 
308, 627 
312, 090 
394, 657 
181,850 
140, 722 


Pounds. 
40, 339, 674 
34, 861, 339 

36, 020, 571 
32,127,167 

40, 087, 593 
42, 467, 962 
42, 770, 244 

41, 689, 119 
38, 029, 495 

37, 270, 615 


£ 
2, 855, 899 
2, 278, 942 
2, 232. 755 


1876 


1877 


1878 


1879 


2, 156, 609 
2, 429, 360 
2, 181, 937 
2, 002, 180 


1880 








1884 


1, 745, 193 





No. 61.— Statement showing the Values of Manufactures of Wool Imported 
into, and of Wool Exported from, Egypt for each Year from 1875 to 1884, 
inclusive. 

fOne piaster equals 4.943 cents.] 





Imports. 


Exports. 


Tears. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Tears. 


Manufact- 
ures of 
wool. 


Wool, raw. 


Manufact- 
ures of 
wool. 


Wool, raw. 


1875 1 


Piasters. 
19, 410, 000 
22, 705, 000 
13, 814, 000 
16, 052, 000 
18, 746, 000 


Piasters. 
7, 380, 000 
10, 535, 000 
8, 756, 000 
5, 173, 000 
4, 762, 000 


1880 

1881 

1882 

1883 


Piasters. 
30, 004, 000 
25, 241, 000 
14, 253, 000 


Piasters. 
5, 328, 000 
5, 049, 000 
4, 538, 000 
7, 971, 000 


1870 

1877 

1878 


1879 


1884 


30, 418, 000 






1 





202 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 62. — Statement showing the Values of Manufactures of Wool Imported 
into China (exclusive of Hong-Kong) fob each Year from 1874 to 1884, in- 
clusive. 

[One H. taol equala $1,622.] 



Years. 


Manufact- 
ures of 
•wool. 


Tears. 


Manufact- 
ures of 
wool. 




H. tads. 
4, 510, 000 
4,501,000 
4, 259, 000 
4, 831, 000 
4, 876, 000 
4, 954, 000 


1880 


11. tacls. 
5,811,001) 




1881 




1882 


4,496,000 

3, 893, 000 
3, 710, 000 




1883 




1884 









No. 63.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Manu- 
factures of Wool Imported into Japan for each Year from 1808 to 1885, in- 
clusive. 

[One catty equala 1.333 pounds. One yen equals 99.7 cents. ) 



Tears. 


Wool. 


Woolen yarn. 


Alpacas. 


Balzarine. 




Catties. 


Yen. 


Catties. 


Ten. 


Yards. 


Yen. 


Yards. 


Yen. 












































::::»:::: 






















































427 

84 

3,892 

500 
1,384 
1,203 
5, £00 
1,345 
7, 531 
5, 212 
2,601 
16, 154 


497.79 

149.48 

4, 790. 25 

878. 75 

1,448.08 

1,231.45 

3, 639. 15 
2, 022. 30 

4, 043. 06 
2, 993. 94 
2, 322. 58 

10, 218. 37 


44, 162 
92, 136 
65, 339 
38,321 

112,913 
71,857 

205, 002 
2.874 
804 
10,083 
11,700 
14,553 


8,931.72 
15, 774.07 
11,745.30 
7,098.41 
26, 840. 56 
12,643.61 
26, 551. 18 
598. 32 
217.00 
1,516.79 
2,531.22 
2, 107. 68 


















































































"68," 265 
130,942 

30, 190 




1883 


273, 108 
153,691 
255, 238 


89, 845. 48 
42. 518. 58 
75. 385. 18 


7,884.18 











Buntings. 



Camlet cords. 



1868 

1869 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1S74 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 



Catties. 
328, 453 
837, 8 S 6 
225, 283 
251,307 
636, 108 
672, 402 
183. 135 
740, 137 
247, 701 
900, 727 
758. 152 
379, 754 
593, 502 
523, 079 
462, 436 
620,140 
633, 003 
484, 337 



Yen. 


Yards. 


172. 258. 52 




567, 853. 12 


2, 878 


91,447.10 


20, 545 


117,500.57 


50. 800 


272, 679. 48 


49, 012 


414, 149. 45 


55, 720 


90, 392. 69 


70, 2S2 


359, 004. 56 


20,177 


127,611.86 


53, 965 


460, 206. 94 


35, 770 


339, 682. 69 


96, 924 


175,413.49 


19.701 


284, 775. 74 


37, 000 


231, 861. 06 


46, 740 


210,136.92 


46, 333 


278, 868. 55 


33, 768 


279, 824. 64 


21,881 


207, 871. 42 


20, 709 



Yen. 

1, 138.86 
171.30 

2, 886. 00 
14, 223. 00 
18, 131. 55 

8, 903. 52 
11,805.71! 

5, 319. 17 

6, 775. 95 
4, 350. 53 

10, 498. 24 
2,089.74 
4.010.77 
4, 495. 05 
4, 443. 06 

3, 262. 07 
2,217.65 
1, 880. 75 



Yards. 
1,348,990 
1,845,088 
525,788 
167,882 
174,955 
132,603 
133,939 
205, 010 
52, 878 
90, 268 
101,061 
23,217 
65, 690 
58, 807 
30, 808 
29, 768 
18, 687 
18, 031 



Ten. 
403,024.42 

546, 039. 86 
151, 160. 14 
55, 489. 62 
48, 12a 98 
40, 599. 09 
34, 803. 43 
56, 897. 40 
13,719.45 
24, 827. 25 
25,942.99 
6,181.06 
IS. 000. 48 
18,799.78 
7, 70ii. 31 
5.S72.25 
3, 365. 48 
3, 637. 85 



Yards. Yen. 



146,873 

19.645 
40,852 

30, 536 



23, 477 
89,701 
98,216 

7, 692 

29, 102 



32, 636. 93 
789.60 

7, 118.08 

4. 182. 57 



2. 994. 50 
6, 080.67 

11,996.07 
1,189.45 

3. 812. 32 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



203 



No. 63. —Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Manu- 
factures of Wool Imported into Japan for each Year from 1868 to 1885, 
inclusive — Continued. 



Tears. 


China 


figures. 


Flannels. 


Italian cloths. 


Lastings. 




Yards. 


Yen. 


Yards. 


Yen. 


Yards. 


Yen. 


Yards. 


Yen. 


1868 






39, 551 


10. 745. 45 


13, 820 


2, 785. 61 


22. 062 


7, 738. 02 








14, 260 
28, 223 












1870 .... 






8, 098. 02 




42, 010. 05 












8, 513. 06 


24, 758 


17, 759. 48 












317, 670 
731, 465 








1873 






224, 031. 99 


585, 435 


155, 598. 88 


665,714 


109, 839. 23 








108,072 




205, 448 


50, 015. 62 
214,694.81 
188,480.04 












45, 094. 70 
39, 800. 11 






1870 








774, 670 


303, 835 


59, 684. 52 


1877 ... 






459, 897 
622, 320 




2, 097, 966 


496, 081. 29 


3S4, 496 




1878 






170,982.59 


1, 520, 397 


339,813.66 


653. 832 


137, 109. 63 


1879 






126,971 


34, 357. 53 


3, 089, 258 


651, 929. 16 


527,417 


103, 024. 83 


1880 








28, 348. 03 


4, 355, 706 


891, 429. 02 


541, 579 


89, 153. 36 


1881 






216,426 


00, 310. 77 


2, 671, 960 


531, 827. 08 


046, 681 


122, 433. 74 


1882 






375, 017 
343, 645 


105, 784. 93 
94,582.01 


2, 070, 351 
4, 749, 796 


573, 494. 60 
995, 091. 05 


201, 747 
220, 540 


46,949.26 


1883 


255, 694 


24, 284. 0.3 


47, 732. 12 


1884 


85,013 


7,915 91 


633, 775 


172, 587. 09 


2, 480, 938 


450,337.77 


56, 986 


12, 336. 32 


1885 


5,930 


639. 03 


1, 079, 354 


287, 181. 72 


4, 453, 409 


828, 055. 26 9, 159 
1 


2, 557. 01 


Tears. 


Lo 


ig ells. 


Lusters. 


Mousseline de Laine. 


Orleans. 




Yards. 


Yen. 


Yai ds. 


Yen. 


Yards. 


Yen. 


Yards. 


Yen. 






14, 880. 50 






347, 400 




831, 210 






55, 081 
162, 707 


19, 176. 65 
65, 539. 55 












1870 














1871 


126, 180 


46, 435. 80 














1872 


172, 931 


53, 262. 13 






'"#,'053*427 




4, 495, 344 


887, 932. 05 


1873 






705, 302 


127, 671. 20 


1, 076, 443. 86 


224, 565 


37, 774. 10 


1874 


01, 576 


19,819.61 


114, 918 


19, 540. 11 


4, 752, 524 


981, 237. 17 


1,910.404 


338, 525. 02 


1875 


53, 736 


16,116.20 


398, 029 


67, 219. 28 


10, 197, 172 


2, 393, 157. 56 


3. 988, 434 


671, 925. 34 


187G 


72, 138 


25, 549. 71 


361,518 


55, 507. 70 


10, 819, 785 


2, 263, 273. 43 


1,553,662 


244, 034. 14 


]877 


78,219 


27, 917. 21 


444, 428 


69,326.06' 


11,901,189 


2, 373, 021. 20 


1,297,829 


190,118.15 


isrs 


63, 564 


22, 872. 90 


274, 339 


39, 349. 66 


13, 626. 117 


2, 693, 760. 90 


2, 086, 376 


277, 002. 31 


1879 


85, 599 


2b, 010. 86 


242, 893 


30, 488. 89 


17,301,218 


. 3, 126, 042. 55 


2, 974, 302 


369, 859. 45 


1880 


63, 358 


21,291.44 


176, 362 


18, 884. 42 


20, 946, 299 


3, 478, 056. 83 


1, 448, 032 


173, 337. 90 


1881 


82, 955 


28, 946. 86 


348, 885 


41, 679. 19 


15, 803, 192 


2, 709, 341. 11 


1, 382, 183 


145, 671. 93 


1882 


56, 495 


15,985.78 


38, 448 


3, 953. 98 


8, 873, 846 


1, 221, 784. SO 


740, 908 


75, 297. 32 


1883 


36, 615 


9, 604. 58 


54, 352 


5, 397. 60 


11,297,560 


1,618,072.40 


358, 932 


34, 820. 13 


1884 


59, 158 


15, 600. 46 ■ 


101, 427 


10,271.33 


14,007,355 


1, 839, 997. 61 


338, 362 


33, 658. 76 


1885 


36, 951 


9, 785. 61 


151, 852 


14, 958. 67 


7, 802, 765 


906, 616. 92 


341, 703 


32, 650. 36 



Tears. 


Serges. 


Spanish stripes. 


Woolen cloths. 


Woolen cloths, 
in part of wool. 




Yards. 


Yen. 


Yards. 
10, 657 
3,473 
8,038 
10, 136 
7, 036 
3,163 
9, 484 
10, 101 
22, 521 
12,287 
25, 094 
3, 112 
10, 459 
8,807 
7.24S 
5, 025 
2,582 
6,371 


Yen. 

4, 200. 88 
2, 778. 06 

18, 690. 14 

29, 660. 73 
0, 148. 14 
2, 467. 70 
0, 022. 81 
7, 387. 79 

15, 305. 04 
9, 045. 00 

18,974.74 

2, 742. 35 
7,705. IS 

5, 879. 22 
5, 748. 99 

3, 997. 70 
1,800.59 
3, 814. 72 


Yards. 

194, 049 

461, 156 

437, 237 

436, 574 

1,261,868 

1, 038, 158 

84, 102 

1, 845, 247 

1, 970, 407 

490, 738 

503, 393 

157, 447 

143, 224 

75, 329 

157, 409 

169,834 

377, 171 

364, 763 


Yen. 
235, 344. 93 
606, 171. 25 
646, 306. 18 
840,039.02 
3, 036, 480. 47 
1,320,895.77 
112, 886. 79 
530, 868. 19 
594, 600. 90 
684, 930. 13 
702,653.31 
212, 109. 05 
188, 484. 03 
89, 234. 63 
181,881.34 
192,120.09 
407, 041. 79 
391, 904. 64 


Yards. 


Yen. 
















































13,912.75 
128.70 
750. 49 
14, 830. 73 
20, 388. 85 
34, 007. 34 
27, 030. 39 
12,825.12 
19,291.88 
40, 176. 04 
23, 415. 12 
26, 143. 86 








602 
1,412 
31,791 
04, 325 
00, 065 
52, 837 
32, 217 
34,711 
85, 137 
59, 047 
00, 571 












3877 






























1883 


197, 339 
170, 131 
192, 858 


80, 577. 99 


1884 


68, 072. 03 


1885 


82, 439. 61 







204 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 63.— Statement showing the Quantities and Values of Wool and Manu- 
factures of Wool Imported lnto Japan for each Year from 1868 to 1885, 
inclusive — Continued. * 



Tears. 


Woolen 
damasks. 


Woolen piece goods, un- 
enumerated. 


Woolen and cotton mixt- 
ures, unenumerated. 


Total. 


1868 


Yards. 


Yen. 


Yards. 

418,778 

656, 413 

2,218,176 

3,190,117 

3, 992, 804 

841, 192 

791, 140 

1,312,759 

633, 617 

318,640 

134,662 

284, \n 

239, 251 

378, 053 

53, 435 

31, 114 

15, 154 

29, 655 


Yen. 

127. 72:!. 94 
478, 558. 56 
628, 144. 48 
952, 996. 88 
1, 768, 766. 72 
322, 820. 67 
191,513.68 
319,518.71 


Yards. 

4. 172,822 
2, 135, 797 
5, 3(12, 700 
6, 507, 729 

5, 332, 921 
10, 720, 032 

5, 145, 329 
B. 504. 6*1 


Yen. 

923, 834. 47 

696,611.32 

1,132,707.73 

1, 920, 297. 28 

1,292,304.99 

3, 008, 041. 10 

1, 304, 379. 90 

1, 399, 857. 97 

472, 480. 23 

631,928.48 

639, 660. 00 

774, 039. 38 
511, 225. 07 
353,891.01 
65, 859. 99 
40,043.15 
75, 872. 78 


Yen. 

2, 12U, 379. GO 


1869 








1870 






2, 787, 596. 58 








4,002,976.10 
7,489,218.75 


1872 

1873 






1874 






3,220,410.89 
6, 136.0U9.49 
4, 228, 805. 29 
5,307,44:1.7;. 
5,761,601.61 
5,470,518.53 
0,1 30,707. 11 
4,570,312.15 


1875 


162 

78 


158. 57 
20.00 


1876 


103,061.17 ] 2,179,061 
81,553.04 1,907,493 
47,587.32 1 3, 084, 153 


1877 


1878 


20 

72 

198 

153 

1,721 

1,113 

1, 452 

1,339 


25.02 
11.47 

120. 60 
88.46 
1, 132. 65 
701. 34 
981.29 
698. 07 


1879 


1880 


38,231.21 
61,071.96 

9, 119. 58 
7, 287. 56 
9, 765. 88 
7,955.20 


2, 789, 814 

2, 493, 992 

1, 725, 480 

212, 925 

127, 3U6 

253, 513 


1881 


1882 


1883 


3. 501, 016. 52 
2, 978, 147. 84 


1884 

1885 





Recapitulation of the total values of imports and exports of raw wool and manufactures of 
wool into and from the following foreign countries during the years named. 



Imports. 



Manufactures 
of wool. 



Exports. 



Manufactures 
of wool. 



Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

Fiance 

Germany 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Russia in Europe 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

United Kingdom 

British Possessions: 

Dominion of Canada 

British India 

New South Wales 

Victoria 

South Australia 

Tasmania 

New Zealand 

Queensland 

Natal 

Capeof Good Hope 

Egypt 

China (exclusive of Hong-Kong) 
Japan 



Dollars. 

0I8, 633, 700 

14, 057, T55 

54, 792, 129 

52,811,962 

a5, 677, 288 

8, 557, 335 

304, 448 

818, 640 

10, 829, 274 



1, 480, 432 



33, 064, 219 
1, 796, 850 



Dollars. 
10, 819, 033 
4, 057, 825 
19, 209, 283 
25, 044, 204 
13, 225, 372 
3, 113, 274 
3, 144, 712 
1, 689, 120 
3,181,794 

5, 779, 445 
7, 133, 892 

8, 998, 305 
48,921,040 

9, 390, 757 

6, 007, 344 



Dollars. 
al0,632,655 



17, 530, 755 
9, 357, 208 



8, 136, 515 



Dollars. 
10, 935, 541 
15,381,328 
71, 702, 919 
51. 701, 210 
639, 558 
1, 950, 461 



14»,720 
67,171,986 
al, 444, 605 






2, 309, 723 
12,535,642 
3, 860, 137 



4, 492, 130 



489, 185 



277, 439 

684, 824 

1, 503, 562 

6, 017, 620 

2, 969, 213 



4, 543, 423 

316, 937 
4, 838, 853 
45, 659, 931 
30, 867, 660 
12,733,810 
2, 207, 284 
15,901,421 
9,195,272 
2,547,014 
8, 492, 982 
250, 344 



1,787,924 
113,048,057 



a 1884. b 1832. 

No. 64. — Information in regard to Wool and Woolen Industries of the 
United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Russia. 

The following statistics iu regard to the wool industries, manufact- 
ures, &c., of the United Kingdom, France, and Germany are derived 
from the official report of a royal commission appointed to inquire into 
the depression of trade and industry of Great Britain, and from other 
official data. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



205 



According to the report of the royal commission the number of per- 
sons employed in the United Kingdom in the worsted and woolen man- 
ufactures was as follows : 



Tears. 


Number 
employed. 


Percentage 

Depopulation 

employed. 




166, 885 
173, 046 
249, 900 
276, 702 
277, 546 


.596 




.592 












.764 







The following exhibits the decrease of the value of exports and the 
concurrent increase of the value of imports of worsted and woolen yarns 
and manufactures : 



5-year periods. 


Imports. 


Exports. 




£25, 896, 913 
33, 912, 846 
41, 525, 820 


£157, 538, 261 
110,942,983 











Proportion of imported and home-grown tvool retained for manufacture in the United King- 
dom in the five years 1880-84, as compared with the jive years 1865-'09. 

[Of the total supply.] 





18G5-'69. 


1880-'84. 


Imported 


Pounds. 
236, 300, 000 
92, 300, 000 


Per cent. 


Pounds. 
481, 300, 000 
264, 200, 000 


Per cent. 














144, 000, 000 


60.9 


217, 100, 000, 

135, 000, 000 
16, 500, 000 










161, 000, 000 
9, 900, 000 


















Eetained for manufactu re 


151, 100, 000 


93.8 


118, 500, 000 


87.8 


Total of imported and home-grown wool retained for 


295,100,000 
102, 200, 000 


74.3 
25.7 


335, 600, 000 
280, 700, 000 


54.5 
45.5 







Wool retained for manufacture in the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Ger- 
many, respectively, in the years I860, 1876, and 1884. 



United Kingdom (imported and home-grown) 

United States (imported and home-grown) 

France (home-grown not included, amount unknown) . . . 
Germany (home-grown not included, amount unknown) . 



Pounds. 
313, 000, 000 
229, 707, 000 
190,119,000 
No returns. 



Pounds. 
369, 000, 000 
235, 020, 000 
271, 484, 000 
143, 260, 000 



Pounds. 
381,000.000 
376, 036, 000 
365, 767, 000 
232. 962, 000 



Note.— The domestic production of wool in France decreased from 43,434,300 kilograms iu 1S76 to 
36,351.200 kilograms in 1882. The domestic production in Germany has decreased from' about 62,273 000 
pounds in 1873 to about 47,974,000 pounds in 1883. 

The commissioners, in their report, commenting on the foregoing 
tables, state: 

The seriously diminished value of our exports of woolens * * * during the years 
1880 to 1884, as compared with the years 1870 to 1874, must he accepted as a clear proof 
that foreign tariffs are the great cause at work to prevent the natural and healthy 



206 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



growth of this important industry in this country. How rapidly they must have heen 
growing in France, Germany, and the United States, whilst comparatively languish- 
ing here, is strikingly shown in the tahles on the preceding page. In the eight years 
from 1876 to 1884, France, Germany, and the United States increased their annual con- 
sumption of wool hy 325,000,000 pounds, or, allowing for the estimated diminution of 
the home production of France and Germany, 295,000,000 pounds, that is, 45 per cent., 
while ours increased only by 12,000,000 pounds, or 3f per cent. • • • 

This is illustrated by the extraordinary fact that whilst the value of onr export* of 
worsted and woolen manufactures in the five years from 1880 to 1884 exhibited, as 
compared with the five years from 1865 to 1869, a decrease of 43.1 per cent., the value 
of our imports, comparing with the same period, showed an increase of no less than 
214.9 per cent. 

This fact confirms the evidence given before us by witnesses connected with the 
various industries that in the case of countries like Germany, possessing in ample 
measure the population and other resources required for successful manufacturing 
enterprise, the adoption of a system of import duties on manufactures and even on 
primary articles of food, has not disqualified them from successful and growing com- 
petition with us in the home and colonial as well as in the neutral markets. 



UNITED KINGDOM. 

The ivoolen and worsted industries. 
[From "Deutsches Handels-Archiv," March, 1887. 





Establish- 
ments. 


Spindles. 


Doubling 
spindles. 


Power 
looms. 


Employes. 


"Woolen industries : 


1,918 
1,800 
1,658 
1,679 
1,505 

725 
692 
703 
532 
525 

108 
125 


3, 054, 141 

3, 165, 569 

4, 190, 670 
2, 182, 609 

2, 227, 192 
2, 182, 792 
2, 193, 210 
1, 289, 172 
1, 324, 549 

93, 766 
101,134 


230, 941 
158, 312 

107, 248 


57,990 
57, 090 
46, 204 
21,770 

14, 453 

79, 931 
81,747 
71,660 
43,048 
38, 956 

1, 981 
1,437 


139,316 




184,605 




118,004 










T9.0M 


Worsted industries : 


536, 329 
399, 658 

348, 363 


188,280 




142,097 




131,890 




86,068 








Shoddy, mungo, &.C. : 


2, 222 

946 


4, 709 




3,431 







FRANCE. 

State of the wool manufacturing industry December 1, 1875. 



Number of 
factories. 



Number 

of persons. 
employed. 



Wool and hair spinning and tissue making 

Carded yarns and vicuna spinning 

Worsted yarn spinning 

Shoddy spinning 

Woolen tissue making 

Dyeing, printing, &o 



1,037 
2,350 
129 
20, 677 
2, 002 



4,196 
4,776 
12,007 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

State of textile industries June 5, 1882. 



207 



Articles. 



Number of 
factories. 



Number 
of persons 
employed. 



Wool and hair spinning and tissue making: 

Preparing wool , 

"Wool spinning •. 

Vicuna wool spinning 

Shoddy spinning 

Woolen tissues 

Wool dyeing, printing, and dressing 



1,354 
5,859 
105 
179 
28, 201 
2,678 



5,798 
47, 347 
6, 158 
8, 354 
108, 007 
20, 611 



There appear to have been other industries, such as weaving, knitting, 
crocheting, embroidering, and tissue making (stuffs not distinguished), 
which may largely include manufactures of wool, but the proportion 
thereof cannot be determined from the meager information accessible. 



Progress of the wool industry of France. 
[From the "Annuaire de Statistique de la France.' 



Persons 
employed 



Spindles. 



Machine. Hand 



Quantity of 
raw wool im- 
ported and 
entered for 

home 
consumption. 



1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 




95, 779 
110, 954 
108, 049 
105, 839 
108, 086 

110, 904 

111, 523 
113, 220 



23, 725 
27, 557 
30, 114 
38, 267 
28,188 
30, 139 
35, 274 
41, 044 
41, 466 
44, 516 



56, 895 
G2, 230 
54, 434 

41, 603 

42, 934 
37, 632 
37,140 
37, 127 



Pound.; 
237, 727, 
265. 6*1, 
258, 646, 
282, 134, 
271,4. c 4, 
295,853, 
317, 596. 
295, 807, 
332,951, 
304, 883, 
310, 726, 



GERMANY. 

Factories employing power and the kind of power used. 

[From the "Statistik des Deutschen Eeichs," neue Folge, Biinde 6 und 7, Berlin, 1886.] 



Industries. 


Establish- 
ments. 


Employes. 


Machines moved by- 


Other 
local 
power. 


Wind. 


Water. 


Steam. 


Gas or 1 
hot air. 




150 
1,182 

135 
1,209 
1, 155 


4,261 

42, 294 
8,243 
64, 708 
17, 950 


3 


42 
504 

62 
276 
293 


12S 
846 
99 
1,059 
796 


2 7 , 
17 4 11 

""t»" 12 ' 4 

10 126 | 13 


Yarns 

Shoddy, mungo, &c 

Weaving 

Dyeing, printing, &c 


.Total 


3,831 


137,456 ! 7 

1 


1,177 


2,928 


37 \ 150 29 



208 WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 

Ownership, nuniber, and employes of the woolen manufactures in 1882. 
[From the "Statiatik des Deatschen Reichs," neue Folge, Biinde 8 imd 7, Berlin, 1880.] 





Wool cleaning. 


Tarns. 


Shoddy, mun 
go, &.C. 


"Weaving. 


Dyeing, print- 
ing, &c. 


Ownership. 


a 
I 

■8 

1 


m 

£ 
p. 

a 
w 


1 
| 

1 


as 

SB 

E 
W 


s 

a 
•9 

is 
1 


Pi 

8 


& 

n 

2 

-s 

1 


00 

1' 

a 
w 


■ 

s 

a 
| 

i 


o' 

0. 

B 

- 




173 
72 
8 

1 
2 


1,489 

2, 330 

1,159 

2 

49 


927 
443 
45 


13, 980 

19, (J93 
10, 402 


89 
48 


3,571 
4.165 


7,199 
758 

19 


44, 588 
43, 260 
1,880 


1, 149 
462 
88 


B.602 




9. 729 




4 588 


476 


Municipalities 

State or national 


1 16 


4 


oi 












o | ..a 


Total 


256 


5,029 


1,422 1 43.583 


141 1 8.322 


7,981 1 89.962 ' 1.651 


















1 



WOOLEN MANUFACTURES IN RUSSIA. 
[From report of the French consul at Warsaw in "Bulletin ConsulaireFrancais," July, 1887, p. 30.] 

The following information in regard to manufactures of wool in 
Russia is derived from official data published by the Department of 
Commerce and Manufactures of Russia, from which it appears that the 
value of manufactures of wool in Russia were, in 1885, 104,498,000 rubles, 
and in 1886, 115,075,000 rubles. 

Of the 68 wool-spinning mills, employing 4,789 workmen and pro- 
ducing goods to the value of 5,173,000 rubles, 32 mills, with 3,637 
operatives and a production of 3,638,000 rubles, are located in the 
province of Moscow. The St. Petersburg district occupies the second 
rank, with a production of 805,000 rubles of thread and 700 operatives, 
distributed in 7 factories. The production of other provinces is of no 
importance. 

The carpet weavers are concentrated exclusively in the Moscow 
province. Of the 9 factories, with 323 looms, employing 802 operatives, 
with an annual product of 550,000 rubles, the old capital contains 7 
run by steam, the product of which exceeds half a million rubles. 

In the manufacture of felt— of little consequence elsewhere — the 
district of Nijni-Novogorod holds the first place, with 10 factories, cm- 
ploying 315 operatives, and with a product of 195,000 rubles. Besides 
these, there are 3 factories, with a production of 36,000 rubles, belong- 
ing to the province of Tver, 2 with a product of 25,000 in that of St. 
Petersburg, 2 with a product of 18,000 in Livonia, and several insigni- 
ficant factoi ies in the provinces of Moscow, Kazan, Kalooga, Yaraslaw, 
Kharkow, Pskow, and in Courland. 

In the production of cloths the Moscow province holds the first rank. 
Of the 390 factories, employing 48,000 hands, with a production of 
40,769,000 rubles (25,916,000 arsheeus* of cloth), in European Russia, 
the Moscowvite province contains 48 factories, with 1S,880. hands and a 

* 1 arsheeu=28 inches. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 209 

production of 18,407,000 rubles. The province of Grodno holds the 
secoud place, with 162 factories, employing 6,200 hands, and with an 
annual product of 5,884,000 rubles. Then come the provinces of St. 
Petersburg with a production of 3,789,000 rubles (5 factories and 2,226 
hands), Tchernigow with 2,130,000 rubles (12 factories and 2,452" 
hands), Penza with 1,364,000 rubles (4 factories and 1,600 hands), 
Tambow with 1,246,000 rubles (8 factories and 2,795 hands), Esthonia 
with 750,000 rubles (1 factory and 557 hands), the province of Saratow 
with 594,000 rubles (6 factories, 898 hands), Perm with 553,000 rubles 
(3 factories and 1,202 hands), and Podoliawith a production of 366,000 
rubles (42 factories, 259 hands). Other manufactories of cloth of some 
importance are found in the province of Koursk (1 lactory, 500 hands, 
with a product of 171,000 rubles), Yaraslaw (1 factory with a produc- 
tion of 180,000 rubles, 176 hands), Samara (2 factories with a product 
of 211,000 rubles, 455 hands), in Yolhynia (37 factories with a product 
of 192,000 rubles), and in the province of Kiew (16 factories with a 
product of 175,000 rubles). 

Beside these manufactures, there are in European Russia 190 factories 
of light goods of pure wool and of wool mixed with cotton or silk. 
These factories run 14,500 looms, employing 19,000 hands, their product 
amounting to 21,125,000 rubles; 169 of these establishments, with 13,882 
looms and a product of 20,500,000 of rubles, are found in the province of 
Moscow. Yarns are produced in 67 factories with a force of 1,500 oper- 
atives and a product of 1,051,000 rubles. Here again the province of 
Moscow occupies the first place, with 39 factories, 1,043 hands, and a 
product of 701,000 rubles. The St. Petersburg province follows with 
14 factories and a product of 195,000 rubles. Other factories are scat- 
tered through the provinces of Livonia (4 establishments with a product 
of 78,000 rubles), Grodno (4 establishments with a product of 49,000 
rubles), Tchernigow (2 factories, product 14,000 rubles), and Kovogo- 
rod (1 factory, product 10,000 rubles). 

The wadding factories number 53 and their product amounts to about 
160,000 poods, worth 854,000 rubles. This manufacture centers prin- 
cipally in the province of Eiazan — 17 establishments with 285 hands. 
Beside these there are 3 in St. Petersburg (with a product of 190,000 
rubles), 6 in the province of Moscow (product 69,000 rubles), 5 in As- 
trakhan (50,000 rubles), 7 in Catherinoslow (52,000 rubles), 1, producing 
37,000 rubles, in the province of Perm, and various small factories in 
the provinces of Kazan, Saratow, Tver, and Kherson. Gimps, braids, 
&c, occupy but an insignificant place in the national production. The 
number of factories is 53, employing 1,900 hands, with an annual pro- 
duction of 1,797,000 roubles. The principal places of their operation 
are St. Petersburg and Moscow. Ninety-three small, scattered facto- 
ries have not been included in the preceding figures, which, in various 
localities, reach a product of about 1,000 rubles each annually. 
5402 wool 14 



210 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 
RECAPITULATION. 



Designation. 



Establish- 
ments. 



Employed. 



Spinning mills 

Factories : 

Carpet 

Felt 

Light good 

Cloth 

Tarn 

Wadding . 



802 

637 

19, 072 

48, 003 

1,487 

648 



5, 173, 000 

550, 000 

310,000 

21,125,000 

40, 769, 000 

1, 052, 000 

854, 000 



14, 500 



No. 65. — Statement showing the Present Tariff Rates of Foreign Coun- 
tries on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool. 

[Compiled from the United States Consular Reports.] 



EUROPE. 

Austria-Hungary : 

Wool, raw, washed, combed, colored, bleached, milled, and as refuse. 
Manufactures of wool : 

Wool and hair tablets, hat-felts and hat-wadding 

Woolen yarns (of wool or animal hair) and vicuna yarns: 

a. Raw 

Note.— Weft yarn, raw, or entry by way of custom-houses 
specially designated 

b. Bleached, colored, printed, three or more twisted threads.. 
Woolen goods (of wool or animal hair) : 

Shaggy cloths, Halina cloths, pressed cloths, sieve-bottoms, 
ropes, cables made of horsehair, trellis and tied nets, 

both uucolored, hat clipping, cloth cuttings 

Carpets : 

a. Of dog's, calf's or cow's bair ; also with slight mixture of 

wool 

b. Other, also printed 

Girths 

Woolen-woven goods not specially named : 

a. Weighing over 500 grams i>er square meter 

b. Weighing 5UU grams and less per square meter 

Note.— Entirely woven with cotton warp, of one color, 
not figured, dressed like cloth, weighing more than 300 
grams per square meter 

Velvets and velvet-like fabrics (cut or uncut), fringes, buttons, rib- 
bons, and knit goods (except those under carpets, 
other) 

Light woolen and woven goods 

Shawls and shawl-like textures, laces (lace shawls), embroidered 
woven goods, goods with metallic threads 

Pelt and felt goods (except carpets) : 

a. Coarse felts of animal hair; also cut out, tarred, or var- 

nished 

b. Felt, other, and felt goods, both not printed , 

c. Printed 

Belgium : 

Wool, raw 

Manufactures of wool : 

Shawls and scarfs of India cashmere 

All others, including mixed tissues, where wool predominates in 
weight 

(On the last named the importer has the option to pav 200 francs, 
or $50.18, per 100 kilograms.) 
Denmark: 

Wool, raw , 

Manufactures of — 
" Coarse 

Others 

Printed 

Printed, flue 

Woolen yarn : 

Fancy, colored 

Uncolored 

Colored 



Rates of duty. 



Per 100 kilograms. 



$3 34 
2 97 



56 
4 45 



4 45 
14 84 
14 84 

18 55 
88 68 



29 68 
37 10 



4 45 
14 84 
28 68 



Free. 

5 per cent ad valorem. 
10 per cent, ad valorem. 



Per hundred-weight. 
Free. 



$3 40 
6 80 
18 M 
26 80 

13 60 
1 70 
4 53 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



211 



No. 65. — Statement showing the Present Tariff Rates of Foreign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool— Continued. 



Conventional tariff. General tariff. 



EUROPE — continued. 
France: 

"Wool, raw, of all kinds: 

Combed or carded 

Dyed 

Manufactures of wool : 
"Woolen yarn, pure : 

Single thread, bleached or unbleached, combed, 
measuring to the kilogram : 

10,000 meters or less 

More than 10,000 meters to 15,000 

15,000 meters to 20.000 

20,000 meters to 30,500 

30,500 meters to 40,500 

40,500 meters to 50.500 

50,500 meters to 60,500 

60.500 meters to 70,500 

70,500 meters to 80.500 

80.500 meters to 90,500 

90,500 meters to 100,500 

100,500 meters 

Single thread, bleached or unbleached, carded, 
measuring to the kilogram : 

10,000 meters or less ) 

More than 10,000 meters to 15,000 

15,000 meters to 20,000 > 

20,000 meters to 30,5 >0 

30,500 meters J 

Single thread, colored, combed, measuring to 
the kilogram : 

30,500 meters or less , 

More than 30,500 meters to 40,500 

40,500 meters to 50,500 

50.500 meters to 60,500 

60,500 meters to 70,500 

70,500 meters to 80.500. _ 

80,500 meters to 99,500 

90,500 meters to 100,500 

100,500 meters 

Single thread, colored, carded, measuring to 
the kilogram : 

10,000 meters or less 

More than 10,000 meters to 15,000 

15,000 meters to 20,000 

20.000 meters to 30,500 

30,500 meters 

"Woolen yarn, pure, for weaving : 

Twisted, bleached or unbleached, combed, 
measuring in the kilogram, and in 
single thread : 

30,500 meters or less 

More than 30,500 meters to 40,500 

40.500 meters to 50.500 

50.500 meters to 60,500 

60,500 meters to 70.500 

70,500 meters to 80,500 

80,500 meters to 90,500 

90,500 meters to 100,500 

100,500 meters 

Twisted, bleached or unbleached, carded, 
measuring in the kilogram and in 
single thread — 

10,000 meters or loss 

More than 10,000 meters to 15,000 

15.000 meters to 20,000 

20.000 meters to 30,500 

30.500 meters 

Twisted, colored, combed, measuring in the 
kilogram and in single thread— 

30,500 meters or less 

30,500 meters to 40.500 

More than 40.500 meters to 50.500 

50,500 meters to 60.500 . ... 

60.500 meters to 70,500 

70.500 meters to 80.500 

80.500 meters to 90,500 ... 
00.500 meters to 100. 500 .. . 
100.500 meters 



Per 100 kilograms. 



$4 83 
4 83 



1 93 

2 90 

3 86 

4 83 
6 76 

10 62 
12 55 
14 48 
16 41 

18 34 

19 30 



Same duty as yarn, single 
thread, bleached or un- 
bleached, combed 



9 65 


11 58 


13 51 


15 41 


17 37 


19 30 


21 23 


23 16 


24 13 



Same duty as yarn, single 
thread, colored, combed. 



6 28 
8 79 
11 29 
13 80 
16 31 
18 82 
21 33 
23 84 
25 09 



Same duty as woolen yarn, 
pure, twisted, bleached 
or unbleached, combed. 



11 10 
13 61 
16 12 
18 63 
21 14 
23 65 
26 16 
28 66 
30 01 



Fr^e. 
Free. 



212 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 65.— Statement showing the Present Tariff Rates of Fobkign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool— Continued. 



Conventional tariff. 



General tariff. 



EUKOPE — continued. 

France— Continued. 

Manufactures of wool : 

Woolen yarn, pure, for weaving : 

Twisted, colored, carded, measuring in the 
kilogram and in the single thread — 

10,000 meters or less } 

More than 10,000 meters to 15.000 I 

15,000 nietois to 20,000 > 

20, 000 meters to 30, 500 

30,500 meters J 

Woolen yarn, pure, for tapestry work : 

Twisted, combed, bleached or unbleached, 
measuring in the kilogram and in 
single thread— 

30,500 meters or less 

More than 30,500 meters to 40,500 

40, 500 meters to 50, 500 

50,500 meters to G0,500 

60,500 meters to 70,500 

70,500 meters to 80,500 

80,500 meters to 00,500 

90,500 meters to 100,500 

100,500 meters 

Twisted, combed, colored, measuring in the 
kilogram and in single thread — 

30,500 meters or less 

More than 30,500 meters to 40,500 

40,500 meters to 50,500 

50,500 meters to 60,500 

60,500 meters to 70,500 

70.500 meters to 80,500 

80.500 meters to 90,500 

90,500 meters to 100,500 

100,500 meters 

Tarn, alpaca, llama, vicuna, or camel's hair, 
pure or mixed with wool, whatever 
shall be the proportion of mixture, 
or mixed with other filaments, wool 
of alpaca, &c, predominating in 
weight. 
Yarns (mohair) made from the hair of goat, 
pure or mixed, l he hair of tho goat 
predominating in weight. 

Tarn of other hair 

Tissues of pure wool : 

Woolen cloth, cassimeres, and other tissues 
fulled, and tissues sheared, not fulled : 
Stuffs for upholstery, weighing more than 400 
grams to the meter, square. 

Moire 

Other stuffs : 

Weighing 400 grams or more to the 
meter, square. 

Weighing 401 to 550 grams, inclusive 

Weighing niorethan 550 grains 

Carpets, Axminster : 

Looped, uncut 

Velvet, finished 

Carpets : 

Persian 

Jacquard, chenille, and others 

Hosiery, pure wool and mixed wool : 

Gloves and garments, not fitted 

Oilier, cut and seamless 

Other, fitted and finished — 

Trimmings, ribbons 

Tapestry 

Shawls, 'broche or fancy figured, other than 
India cashmere. 

Laces 

Velvets of wool for upholstery 

Bolting cloth, seamless 

Blankets 

List slippers 

List of cloth 

Tissues of wool, mixed : 

Woolen cloth, cassimeres, and other tissues, 
fulled, warp cotton, tissues sheared, 
not fulled, tho wool predominating. 



Per 100 kilograms. 

Same duty as woolen yarn, 
pure twisted, colored, 
combed. 



13 51 
17 37 
21 23 
25 09 
28 95 
32 81 
36 67 

38 m 



14 48 
18 34 
22 20 
26 06 
20 92 
33 78 
37 06 
41 52 
43 45 
Same duty as woolen yarn, 
pure. 



Per 100 kilos. 
f $11 39 

13 12 

14 86 
16 79 
18 53 



10 per cent, ad valorem . 
do 



10 per cent, ad valorem 



Ifl 7:' 

n, ra 

Free. 

(9.65 to 40.73 
I according to 
{ the weight 
i to the meter 
I square. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



213 



No. 65.— Statement showing the Present Takiff Eates of Foreign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool— Continued. 



Countries. 



Conventional tariff. 



General tariff. 



eueo'pe — continued. 

France— Continued. 

Manufacture of wool : 

Tissues wool warp, being silk waste, wool pre- 
dominating. 
Carpets : 

Wool mixed with cotton 

"Wool mixed with other materials 

Other tissues, the wool predominating in 
weight. 
Tissues, alpaca, llama, vicuna, sheep, yak, or of 
camel's hair, pure or mixed with 
other filaments, the wool of the al- 
paca, llama, vicuna, yak, or camel's 
hair predominating in weight. 
Tissues of goat's hair, pure or mixed, the goat's 
hair predominating in weight : 

Cashmere shawls, long, made by hand; 

Cashmere shawls, square, made by hand 

Scarfs, trimmings, fringes, &c, made by 
hand. 

Plain tissues, made by hand 

Other tissues of hair, pure or mixed, with other 
filaments, the hair predominating in 
weight. 



Per 100 kilograms. 
10 per cent, ad valorem. 



Same duty as tissues of 
pure wool. 



5.20 per cent, ad valorem. 

do 

do 



do .... 

Prohibited 



Per 100 kilos. 
$57 3 



} Same duty as 
> tissues oi 
) pure wool. 

Same duty as 
tissues of pure 
wool. 



5 79 

3 86 

193 00 

193 00 
7 14 



of duty. 



Germany : 

Wool, raw 

Combed 

Manufactures, also mixed with cotton, linen, or metallic threads — 

1. Cloth selvedge 

2. C oarse felts, "not printed, not dyed 

3. Good nigs, containing beads of cattle hair 

5. Not printed felts : not belonging under No. 2 ; not printed felt goods and 

hosiery; good rugs, &c 

5.. Unprinted cloths and stuffs, not included under Nos. 7 and 8 — 

If weighing more than 200 grams to the square meter of woven surface .. 
If weighing less than 200 grams 

6. Printed articles, as far as they do not belong to foot-rugs, weighingmore than 

200 grams to the square meter of woven surface ; also, trimmings 
and buttonmakers' ware, plushes, weaving combined with metallic 

threads . 

Printed articles, not foot rugs, weighing 200 grams, or less than 200 grams, to 
the square meter of woven surface 

7. Laces, tulles, or embroidered wovep shawls, with three or more colors 

8. Woven shawls, with five or more colors 

Greece (a municipal tax of 2 per cent, is to be added to the duties in this schedule) : 

Wool, raw 

Manufactures of wool : 

Woolen yarn, unbleached, and felt for men's hats , 

Tarn, bleached or dyed 

Coarse cloth, serge, belts 
Carpets : 

Kugs, printed felt. .. 

Bugs, woven or dyed 

Persian or Georgian 

For hangings 

Flannels in colors : 

Coarsely woven stockings, shawls, haversacks, sailors' caps, bedcovers, &c . 

_ Finely woven 

Trimmings, fringes, traveling rugs 

Shawls, cashmere or merino 

Tissues, to weight of— 

100 grams per square millimeter 

200 grams per square millimeter 

350 grams per square millimeter 

, Above 350 grams per square millimeter 

Part cotton up to 200 grams per square millimeter 

Above 200 grams per square millimeter 

Clothing for meu and boys: 

Light, for summer 

Heavy, for winter 

Part cotton 

For women and girls 

Felt hats for women 

1 Oke — 43. 3 ounces avoirdupois ; roughly, 2$ 



Per 100 kilos. 
Free. 

$0 47 


Free. 


71 
5 71 




23 80 




32 13 

52 36 





52 36 




71 40 




107 10 


Per oke.* 


Free. 




Free. 






1 04 




10 




23 




58 




1 16 




1 93 




31 




97J 




1 16 




2 32 




2 32 




1 54 




96.1 




58 




34 




IVo 




25 




87 




48 




2 90 




19* 



214 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 65.— Statement showing the Present Tariff Rates of Foreign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool— Continued. 



Europe — continued. 
Italy: 

Wool, natural, washed, carded, dyed, waste wool, and refuse wool 

Manufactures of wool: 
Woolen yarn— 

Untwisted, bleached or unbleached 

Untwisted and dyed 

Twisted, bleached or unbleached 

Twisted and dyed 

Woolen textures (in textures composed in part of wool tbe duty is levied on that 
material which dominates in* weight; if, however, the threads of the 
warp are of cotton, the duty is smaller) — 

Carded 

Carded, with warps entirely of cotton yam 

Combed 

Combed, with warps composed entirely of cotton yarn 

Embroidered 

Felt— 

For hats 

Tarred, pressed for soles, &c 

For clothing 

Woolen knitted goods and braids 

Ribbons and galloons 

Buttons 

Laces and tulles 

Covers made of waste strips of woolen cloth 

Carpets made of waste strips of woolen cloth 

Carpets 

Sewed woolen goods of different materials are classed and taxed according to 
the predominating material. 
The Netherlands : 

Wool, raw 

Manufactures of wool : 

Blankets 

Flannels 

Knitted or wo ven cloths , 

All others, not stipulated • . . . 

Cloth, doeskins 

Norway : 

Wool, raw 

Manufactures of wool : 
Woolen yarn— 

a. Not dyed* 

b. Dyed ; also yarn of all descriptions, combined with metal threads t 

Felts for machines, felts for paper machines, cloth lists 

Other felts 

Carpets, and material for carpets, bed quilts, saddle girths, and woven girths J . . 

Hats and caps of all kinds of felt, or of woolen materials, &c 

Knit goods, knitted, crocheted, netted, or woven : 

a. Stockings, undershirts*, gloves, coarse § 

b. Other, including woolen scarfs of all kinds || 

Note.— Stockings are reckoned as coarse when they have a length of 60 
centimeters from tbe heel and weigh 160 grams or more per pair, and 
other lengths in the same proportion. Gloves are reckoned coarse 
when they have not more than one or two Augers. Shi. ;s are con- 
sidered coarse when each one with a length of 60 centimeters or 
more weighs 800 grams, and other lengths in the same proporti >n. 

Ribbons and textile goods interwoven with india-rubber, gutta-percha, and the 
like, and belts thereof 

Blonde, bobbiuet, lace, aud gauze 

Other open or clear goods, if either embroidered or woven in patterns, figures, 

stripes, or squares (embroidery on canvas excepted) , 

Note.— Goods s*hall be dutiable as opou or clear, if intervals of a minimum 
thickness of one thread can be distinguished between i 
threads outside the embroidery, or the interwoven close figures, 
stripes, <fcc, or, if this be impossible, when a piece of oue-balf me- 
ter square only 20 grams or less. 

Other woolen goods : 

a. Embroidered with silk or thread of metal 

b. Otherwise H 

Note —Woolen goods in combination with silk, or in combination with 
hair (provided they are not rated under "silk" or "hair"), or other 
spinning materials, shall be rated as woolen goods. 
Portugal : 

Wool, raw 

Dyed 



Rate of duty. 



Per 100 kiio*. 
Free. 



$9 CO 
H 47 
U 58 
17 37 



27 02 
18 101 
32 81 
25 09 
77 20 

3 47 

1 35ft 
11 58 
38 60 
42 46 
42 46 
57 90 
11 58 
11 58 
21 23 



Free. 

5 p. c. ad val. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Per kilogram. 
Free. 



03ft 
05ft 

21ft 

i-;: ; 

10 ft 

07J 
2«ft 



67 
47ft 



82| 

21ft 



In bond, 450 kilograms. 
r in Oonu, 300 kilograms. 



I In bond, 200 kilograms. 
§ In bond, 225 kilograms. 



In bond, 70 kilograms. 
In bond, 75 kilograms. 






WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



215 



No. 65. — Statement showing the Present Tariff "Rates of Foreign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool — Continued. 



C ° n t V ar n iff. 0nal J General tariff. 



Europe— continued. 
Boumania: 
Wool, raw : 

Of all kinds, unwashed ■ 

Of all kinds, not carded or combed 

Of all kinds, carded or combed, natural or dyed 

"Woolen yarns of all kinds 

Manufactures of wool : 
Woolen tissues — 

Ordinary, viz, rough blankets with long hairs, rough 
cloth, woolen carpets in the piece or by the meter. 
(Stuffs of wool or of cotton mixed with any other pro- 
duct than silk pay the duty of woolen or cotton 
tissues, according to whether the predominant 
material is wool or cotton. Ordinary stuffs called 
"cziak" are also included in this category.) 
Cloths and other analogous tissues, not printed, flannel of all 
kinds, white or colored, Turkish caps or "fez," 

and "moultons" 

(All the fashionable stuffs for men's clothing, such as are 
manufactured at Briinn and Eeichenberg, are in- 
cluded under " tissues analogous to cloths''.) 
All other woolen tissues not included in the above articles, 
excepting shawls and laces ; also all woolen hos- 
ier's and haberdasher's goods. 

(Are included also in this category the woolen stuffs 
called Thibets, merino lastings, Scotch cashmere, 
Orleans, barege, lastings, reps (stuff for furni- 
ture), mousselines, gros-grains, damask, plush, 
velvet, &c.) 
"Woolen hosiery articles of all kinds, even trimmed with other 

tissues 

Knitted and worked shawls (imitation of Indian and Turkish 

shawls) 

Indian and Turkish shawls 



"Woolen lace 

Felt of allkinds: also the following felt articles: Soles, boots 
and shoes (even with leather soles), with or with- 
out soles, and felt hats for soldiers and peasants 
(including Kronstadt caps, made of sheep's wool) . 

Felt objects other than those mentioned in the preceding ar- 
ticle, including felt hats, mounted but not trimmed 



100 kilos. 


Per 100 Hlos. 


$1 93 


$2 22 


3 86 


4 44 


9 65 


11 10 


13 51 


15 54 



30 88 
5 per cent, ad 

valorem. 
7 per cent, ad 

valorem. 



Bussia : 

"Wool and down — 

Raw, washed, and not washed, not dyed ; also flock wool and cloth shearings. 
"Wool, not spun, of every kind, dyed; also artificial wool (shoddy mungo), 

cloth rags, and wool waste dyed 

"Wool, worked into strips : 

a. Not dyed 

6. Dyed 

"Wool yarn, pure or mixed with cotton, flax or hemp : 

a. Not dyed 

6. Dyed 

Manufactures of wool : 

Sec. 201. "Woolen blankets and horse cloths. 

Sec. 202. "Woolen stuffs of combed wool or goat's hair, plain, woven of vari- 
ous colors and embroidered, with or without admixture of cotton 
Xote to sections 202 and 203.— (1) Unmilled stuffs of combed wool or 
goat's hair having a woof or warp of silk or silk waste, pay as silk 
goods; but if the admixture of silk consists only of patterns or 
stripes woven in or embroidered, such goods pay 20 per cent, in ad- 
dition to the duty in sections 202 and 203. (2) Handkerchiefs, 
scarfs, counterpanes, plaids. &c, of unmilled textures of combed 
wool or goat's hair, except those specially mentioned in section 
205, pay the same duty as the material of which they are made. 
Sec. 203. The same printed, with 3U per cent, additional. 
Sec. 204. Bunting, white wooleu stuffs for miller's seives, and sashes of 
wool of every kind, without admixture of silk 

* 1 pood = 36.11 pounds. 



35 51 
5. 75 per cent. 

ad valorem. 
8. 05 per cent. 

ad valorem. 



5 55 

38 84 



Rate of duty. 



Per pood. 



$0 60 
1 20 



4 51 

5 41 

Per pound. 



216 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No .65.— Statement showing the Present Tariff Rates of Foreign Countries 
on Importations op Wool and Manufactures OF Wool— Coutsnued. 



Kan- of duty. 



eubi tPE — continued. 
Russia — Continued. 

Wool and flown — Continued. 

Manufactures id wind -Continued. 

Sec. 205. Shawls, handkerchief's, sashes, and scarfs, Turkish or cashmere, 
also French terno and half-terno. as well as detached holders, edges, 
and other similar stutls of pure wiml, or mixed with cotton, silk, or 

bonrre de sole 

Sec. 206. Unmilled woolen stud's for use in manufactories, bags for oil-press- 
ings, for sugar-bakers, &o. ; cloths of peculiar make for factories, 

cloth list and all kinds of felt, not dyed, dyed and printed 

Sec. 209. Woolen galloou or braid, plaited and knitted goods of every kind 
(hosiery), gloves, stockings, tapes, and ribbons of pun- wool or 
mixed with hemp, flax, or cotton, except buttons and laco 

Sec. 208. Fezes or Turkish cap9 of wool, embroidered or not with spangles. . 

Dresses of cloth or woolen stuffs 

Sec. 207. Woolen carpets of every kind 

Servia i 

Wool tissues — 

Rough blankets (for horses and for beds), ordinary carpets of goats' and other 
animals' hair, and rough wool (even cut into soles, &c, as well as 

tarred and varnished), cloth list 

Rough cloths, such as cloth called halina coarse cloth (Loden), aba, chaiak, azur. 

(Tare in percentage of the gross weights : 16 incases or barrels, 8 in baskets, 

5 in bales or sacks.) 

Tissues, even mixed with a small quantity of silk, or with metallic threads, viz : 

Cloths and tissues analogous to cloths for nun's clothes and other strong- 

garments, flannels, wadmoll, long-piled cloths, teaseled. for linings, 

flue felt, and tine felt articles , 

(Tare percentage of the cross weight: 18 in cases or barrels, 10 iu bas- 
kets, 5 iu bales or sacks.) 
Remark. — Under "tissues analogous to cloths'' are included also all 
the fashion stuffs for men's clothing, such as are manufactured at 
Briinn and Reichenberg (Herrensock, Hosenstoffe, Modestoffie, 
'• Nouveautes".) 
Thin, light stuifs, serving generally for women's garments. ("Orleans, cashmere, 
mohair and the like),' stuffs for furniture, table cloths, handker- 
chiefs, scarfs, shawls, and analogous tissues, with or without fringes 

or tassels, shag and woolen velvet 

(Tare in percentage of gross weights: 18 iu cases or barrels, 10 in baskets, 

5 in bales or sacks.) 
REMARK. — The following stuffs are included under the above: Alpaca, mo- 
hair, Orleans. Thibet, lustring, cashmere, serge, llama, goat's hair, 
satin, Italia cloth, merino, damask, rep and stuffs for furniture, ami 
fashionable stuffs for women. Handkerchiefs, shawls, and scarfs 
may be trimmed with simple embroidery. 



Per pood. 



Per dozen. 

1 20 

Per pound. 

1 20 

21 

Per 100 kilos. 



3 09 
3 86 



Wool, common, unclean 

NOTE.— Wool which, after being washed with sulphate of car- 
bon, loses more than 10 per cent, of its weight will 
be considered as unclean wool. 

Wool, common, washed '. 

Wool, common, unclean, of other classes, and long wool for wor- 
steds 

Note.— Wool more than 10 centimeters long shall be considered 
long wool. 

Wool, common, clean 

Wool, combed or carded, and waste from carding 

Manufactures of wool: 
Spun ("hilados ") — 

Worsted, spun and twisted, crude or with oil] 

Same, clean or bleached 

Worsted, dyed 

Woven— 

Carpetings of pure wool or mixed with other materials 



Without 
treaty. 



With 

treaty. 



Per 1 00 kUos. Per 100 kilos. 



Feltings mixed with Other materials 

Blanketings mixed with other materials 

Note. — Blankets railed "plaids," or similar theseto, 
which pay according to the class of textile of which 
tluv may be composed are not included in this item. 



10 81 


9 28 


2 41 


1 47 


4 83 

a 4i 


2 98 

6 41 


Per kiln. 
36 
50 
58 


Ptr tilo. 

21 
82 

38 




Per 100 kilns. 
19 24 


14 

13 


Per kilo. 

12 
34 



WOOL AND MANUFACTUEES OF WOOL. 



217 



No. 65. — Statement showing the Present Tariff Eates of Foreign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool — Continued. 



Without 
treaty. 



"With 

treaty. 



Spain— Continued. 

Manufactures of wool 



eueope — continued. 
—Continued. 



Woven — Continued. 

Hosiery ("cejidos de punto") whether mixed or not with 
cotton or other vegetable fi ber 

Cloths and all other fabrics of the cloth line, of pure wool, 
flock wool, hair, or mixed with these materials 

The same cloths, when they have all the warp of cotton or 
other vegetable fibers, and the astrakans and plush 
of the same materials 

All the other textiles of pure wool, flock wool, hair, or mixt- 
ures of these materials 

The same textiles, when all the warps is of cotton or of other 
vegetable fibers 



Sweden : 

Wool, dyed or imdyed 

Manufactures of wool : 

(Webs of wool or mixed with cotton, flax, &c, silk excepted.) 

Machine felt to use in manufactories 

Felts and caipets 

• Press cloths 

Other kinds 

Mixed with silk 

Tarn, undyed and unbleached 

Tarn, dyed or bleached 

Switzerland : 

Wool, raw 

Washed colored 

Mannfactuiesof wool: 
Tarn- 
Raw, single or double 

Bleached, three times or more twisted ' 

Colored 

Bobbinet (according to nature). 

Cloth ends 

Webbings — 

Kaw 

Bleached colored, piinted 

Blankets of all kinds— 

Not sewed 

Sewed 

Laces . 

Lace-makers' goods ' 

Hosiery 

Embroidery 

Shawls 

Carpets- 
Ordinary, not sewed 

Others 

Shoes from cloth ends 

Pelt stuffs 

Pelt articles — 

Not finished, raw 

Colored, printed 

Felt hats 

Pelt hats unfinished 

Turkey : 

Wool: Allkinds, including - alpaca, llama, vicuna, Angora, and other 
goat.'s hair and other camel's hair : 

Combed or carded 

Dyed 

Kaw, washed or unwashed 

Shoddy and other waste 

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland .- 

Wool and manufactures of 

NORT1I AMERICA. 

Canada : 

Wool, raw, hair of the alpaca and other like animals 

Woolen rags 



JO 77 
1 54 

1 54 
97 



$0 67 
84 

50' 
71 
4 



Bates of duty. 



Free. 
Free. 



Per quintal. 



$8 16 
22 72 



31 99 
2 72 
4 76 



9T 

1 54 
1 74 



5 79 
4 83 



5 79 
5 79 



2 32 
5 79 



1 35 
3 09 
5 79 
1 35, 



3 52 

4 40 
1 58 



Free. 
Free. 



218 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 65.— Statement siiowixc the Present Tariff Rates op Foreign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool — Continued. 



Rates of duty. 



north amerka— continued. 

Canada — Continued. 

Wool, raw, class 1, viz: Leicester, Cotswold, Lincolnshire, South- 
down combing wools, or wcols known as luster wools, 
and other like combing wools, such as arc grown in 

Canada 

Manufactures of wool : 

All fabrics composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair 
of the alpaca, goat, and other like animals, n. e. a 

Manufactures, composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the 
hair of the alpaca, goat and other like animals, « i/ : 
Blankets and flannels of every description, clot lis, doe 
skins, cassimeres, tweeds, coatings, overcoatings, felt 
cloth of every description, n. e. s. ; horse collar cloth, 
, yarn, knitting yarn, fingering yarn, worsted yarn, 
knitted goods, viz: shirts, drawers, and hosiery, n.e. s.. 

Clothing, ready-made, and wearing apparel of every description, 
including socks and stockings, cloth caps, and horse 
clothing, shaped, composed wholly or in part of wool, 
worsted, the hair of the alpaca, goat, or other like 
animals, made up or manufactured wholly or in part 
by the tailor, seamstress, or manufacturer, except 
knit goods 

All manufactures composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, 
the hair of the alpaca, goat, and other like animals, 
not herein otherwise provided for 

Treble ingrain, three-ply and two-ply carpets, composed wholly 
of wool 



Two-ply and three-ply ingrain carpets, of which the warp is com- 
posed wholly of cotton and other material than wool, 
worsted, the hair of the alpaca, goat, and other like 
animals 



Felt for boots and shoes and skirts, when imported by the manu- 
facturers for use in their factories 

Felt for glove linings and endless felt for paper-makers, when im- 
ported by the manufacturers for use in their factories 

Winceys, plain, of all widths, when the material is not over one- 
fourth wool 

Checked, striped or fancy, not over 25 inches wide 

Checked, striped or fancy-dress winceys over 25 inches wide, aud 
not over 30 inches, when the material is not over one- 
fourth wool 



3 cents per pound. 

22J per ci iit. 



cts. per lb. and 20 pr. ct. 



10 cts. per lb and 25 pr. ct. 



20 per cent. 



10 cents per sqnare yard 
and 20 per Cent. 



5 cents per square yard and 
20 per cent. 



15 per cent. 
10 per cent. 



20 per cent. 
20 per cent. 



(But all checked, striped, or fancy winceys over 30 inches 
wide shall be subject to duty as woolen goods when 
the material is partly wool.) 
Mexico : 

Wool, in the fleece, net weight 

Wool, carded, net weight 

Manufactures of wool: 

Bandas and scarfs of wool, of all textures, without embroidery, in- 
cluding those of stockinet, net weight... 

Bandas of wool, of all textures, embroidered with wool, net weight 

Bandas of wool of all textures embroidered with silk, net weight . 

Carpets of coarse frieze, of plain or cross text me. or of beaten wool 

Carpets and rugs of short-nap wool, uncut, warp of hemp or any 
other material 

Carpets and rugs of Brussels, cut or velvet finish, with warp of 
hemp or any other material 

Carpets of wool, corded, with hemp or cotton warp 

Clothing, ready-made, and separate parts of the same that come 
Sewed, of wool of all classes, of textures with ot with- 
out trimmings of any other material and with exeep- 
tdon of those specified, net weight 

Coverlets and counterpanes of wool 

Cravats of woolen goods, net weight 

Drawers and shirts for under or outer wear, of flannel Or any tex- 
ture analogous to wool, with or without adornments 
of silk, net weight .. 

Dress patterns partly made, of wool of all classes, with or with- 
out borders of wool, or of wool and cotton, and with 
or without trimmings of silk ribbon and cotton, linen 
or woolen lace, for women and girls, net weight 

Dress patterns of woolen textures of all k mis. partly made with 
trimmings or embroideries of silk and with or without 
ornaments of wool and silk, or of silk, for women and 
girls, net weight 



2 cents per square yard and 
15 per cent. 



$0.10 per kilogram. 
$0.16 per kilogram. 



$2. 12 per kilogram. 
Si kilogram. 
$3 47 per kilogram. 
$0.01 per square meter. 

$0.89 per square meter. 

$1.30 per square meter. 
: square meter. 



$1.48 per kilogram. 
$1.88 per square meter. 
$2.61 per kilogram. 



$1.71 per kilogram. 
$2.04 per kilogram. 
$3.10 per kilogram. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL 



219 



No. 65.— Statement showing the Present Tariff Eates of Foreign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool — Continued. 



Rates of duty. 



north America— continued. 
Mexico — Continued. 

Manufactures of wool — Continued. 

Elastic of wool and rubber, of more than four centimeters in width, 
net weight 

Elastic braid, cord, and tape, of wool with india-rubber which 
measures up to four centimeters in width, net weight. 

Felt of wool in pieces, net weight.. 

Eelt of wool (belting) in pieces, without beginning or end, for ma- 
chinery, when it does not come united to the latter, 
net weight 

Fringe, galloon, passementerie, edging, tape, cord and mesh of 
wool, with or without glass beads (bugles), or beads of 
metal, not gold or silver, net weight 

Garters and suspenders of wool, with or without adornments or 
buckles, &c, legal weight , 

Gloves of wool, of all sizes and colors, unlined, net weight 

Gloves of wool of all sizes and colors, liued, net weight 

"G-usaniilo" (a kind of frill), of wool, net weight.. T 

Jackets, buskins (gaiters), and all kinds of articles made of 
woolen yarn which are not specified eveu though they 
have some ornaments of silk or metal, not gold or sil- 
ver, net weight 

Xace and net of wool, and all manufactures of these materials, 
even when the have some adornment of silk or metal, 
not gold or silver, legal weight 

Xinings (covers) of wool, sewed or in patterns for umbrellas, sun- 
shades, and parasols, net weight 

Ponchos (a) of wool, net weight 

Rebozos (long shawls) of wool, and those textures stamped, mar- 
bled, striped with figures or designs which imitate 
rebozos, up to 26 threads of warp and woof in a square 
of one-half centimeter 

Eebozos (long shawls) of wool, and those textures of wool, 
stamped, marbled, striped with figures and designs, 
which imitate rebozos, of more than 26 and to 38 
threads of warp and woof, in a square of one-half cen- 
timeter - •. 

Ruching (fluting) of woolen muslin, with or without woolen lace, 
net weight 

Sarapes (b) tilruas and blankets, without openings for the arms, 
plain 

Sarapes and tilnias of wool, shaped for the arms to be free, with 
borders marked or stamped 

Sarapes of wool, imitation of those of Saltillo, marked or 
stamped 

Shawls (of various sorts) of wool, of all classes of texture not 
of net. with or without woolen embroidery, and with 
or without fringe of wool, or of wool and silk, or of 
silk and cotton, net weight 

Shawls of various sorts, of wool of all classes of texture not 
of net, with trimmings, squares or embroideries of silk 

and fringe of any material, net weight 

Skirt patterns of all textures of wool, net weight 

Socks, stockings, underdrawers, and undershirts of woolen stock- 
inet, and all manufactures of woolen stockinet not 
specified, net weight 

Tassels of wool, even when their insides are of another mate- 
rial, net weight 

Fmbrellas, sunshades, and parasols 

Vests', and jackets of woolen stockinet, net weight 

"Woolen goods cut in dress patterns, of all classes and textures, 
with exception of those specified, net weight 

Woolen goods of plain texture, a square meter of which weighs 
up to 150 grams, net weight 

Woolen goods of plain texture, a square meter of which weighs 
more than 150 up to 200 grams, net weight 

Woolen goods of plain texture, a square, meter of which weigl a 
more than 200 and up to 290 grams, net weight. . .. 

"Woolen goods of plain texture, a square meter of which weighs 
more than 290 grams, net weight 

Woolen goods of texture not plain, a square meter of which 
weighs up to 100 grams, net weight 

Woolen goods of texture not plain, a square meter of which 
weighs more than 100 up to 150 grains, net weight 

Woolen goods, not plain texture, a square meter of which weighs 
more than 150 up to 200 grams, net weight. ...... ... 

Woolen goods, not plain texture, a square meter of which weighs 
more than 200 to 300 grams, net weight 

Woolen goods, not plain texture, a square meter of which weighs 
more than 300 to 350 grams, net weight 



$0.73 per kilogram. 



$1.71 per kilogram. 
$0.20 per kilogram. 



$0.05 per kilogram. 

$2.60 per kilogram. 

$1.05 per kilogram. 
$3.66 per kilogram. 
$1.63 per kilogram. 
$2.60 per kilogram. 

$1.87 per kilogram. 

$7.01 per kilogram. 

$2.85 per kilogram. 
$1.22 per kilogram. 

$1.18 per square meter. 

$1.79 per square meter. 
$5.54 per kilogram. 
$0.89 per square meter. 
$1.71 per square meter. 
$7.17 per square meter. 

$3.20 per kilogram. 

$4.80 per kilogram. 
$2.28 per kilugram. 

$1.79 per kilogram. 

$1.05 per kilogram. 

$0.82 each. 

$1.14 per kilogram. 

$3.20 per kilogram. 

$1.63 per kilogram. 

$1.14 per kilogram. 

$0.86 per kilogram. 

$3.92 per kilogram. 

$3.06 per kilogram. 

$2.16 per kilogram. 

$1.46 per kilogram. 

$1.14 per kilogram. 

$2.03 per kilogram. 



220 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



$0. 03J per pouud. 



$0 II per Spanisbpound. 
$o41 per Spanish pound. 



No. 65.— Statement showing the Present Tariff Rates of Foreign Cots-tries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures <>f Wool— Contioued. 

Countries. Rates of duty. 

KonTn America— continaod. 
Mexico — Continued. 

Manufactures of wool — Continued. 

"Woolen goods, not plaiu texture, a square meter of which 

weighs more than 350 up to 500 grams, net weight $2.7:! per kilogram. 

Woolen goods, not plain texture, a square meter of which 

weighs more than 500 up to COO grams, net weight . ... $2.30 per kilogram. 
"Woolen goods, not plain texture, a square meter of which 

weighs more than Ooo grains, nee weight $2.00 per kilogram. 

"Woolen goods, .strips or separate pieces of, embroidered in wool, 

net weight $3.10 per kilogram. 

"Woolen goods, strips or separate pieces of, embroidered in silk, 

net weight $i.5G per kilogram. 

Tarn of wool, with or without mixture of metal not gold or 

silver, net weight $1.54 per kilogram. 

Yarn, woolen, of all classes ami colors, net weight $1.54 per kilogram. 

CENTRAL AMERICA. 

Honduras : 

"Wool, raw 

Nicaragua: 

Wool, manufactures of: 

Alpaca, merino, or any other light fabric of wool, gloves, hose of 

all kinds, and shirts of all kinds 

Rugs, and dyed sheepskins with wool on 

Cassimeres, broadcloth, serge and flannels $0.52 per Spanish pouud. 

Carpets, tablecloths, and curtains $0.29 per Spanish pound. 

Blankets, rugs, pouches $0.17 per Spanish pound. 

Saddlecloths $0.21 p>i Spanish pound. 

Common wool stuffs, homespuns $0.2!) per Spanish pound. 

Thread for sewing and embroidering bats for ladies, of all kinds. 

and wool hats for men $0.50 per Spanish pound. 

Erocaded stuff in pieces, fringes, laces, handkerchiefs, ladies 

scarfs, and shawls $0.83 per Spanish pound. 

Tape, ribbons, and braid $0.51 per Spanish pound. 

Pants and clothing for men, ready-made 50.02 per Spanish pound. 

Lawns, nets, muslins, and any other tine stuffs for ladies $1.24 per Spanish pound. 

Ladies' dresses made up, or in fancy cuts .. $2.07 per Spanish pound. 

Note.— Goods mixed with wool, cotton or linen, pay duties 
as woolen goods. 
Ivador : 
Wool •- 

Sheep, gross weight $0 06 per pound. 

Alpaca, gross weight $0.12 per pound. 

WEST INDIES. 

Hayti: 

Wool, raw '. $0.04 per pound. 

Manufactures of wool : 

Blankets $0.25 each. 

Caps, of wool or cotton $0.25 per dozen. 

Cloth : 

Hue, ordinary, of 4-4 and over $'Ui0 per ell. 

Common, over 4-4 wide $o.3n per ell. 

Common, 4-4 and under $0.1*1 per ell. 

Of serge, or wool and silk, aud colored material for vests $u.!6 per ell. 

Drawers, woolen $0.26 each. 

Gloves, of wool, thread, or cotton $tl 10 per dozen. 

Gaiters, of cloth $1 per dozen. 

Garments: 

Of fine cloth, read v-made $8 each. 

Ordinary cloth. ...' $2.5n each. 

Of divers cloth, for children $-' eaoh. 

Embroidered in fine gold $5 each. 

Of tine cloth embroidered in fine silver *:! anon. 

Of divers cloth, out and not sewed $2 50 each. 

Reads -made for children $1 each. 

Hats: 

Turned up, woolen, for soldiers $'-'. 75 per dozen. 

lion ml, tine, of felt or silk, lor men or women $5 per do/ en. 

Round, ordinary, of felt, silk, or cotton, for men or women $3 per dozen. 

Round, common, wool or cotton, for men or women $2 per dozen. 

Round, for ad nils, tine, felt or silk $4 per dozen. 

Round, for adults, ordinary, felt, silk, or cotton $2 perdosen. 

Bound, for adults, common, wool or cotton $1.50 pel do/.en. 

Kerseymere: 

Of pure wool, twilled, over 4-4 $0.25 per ell. 

Of pure wool, twilled, under 4-4 $0.15 .per ell. 

Of wool and cotton, twilled, above 4-4 1 $0.20 per ell. 

Of wool and cotton, twilled, under 4-4. I $0.12 per ell. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



221 



No. 65. — Statement showing the Present Tariff Rates of Foreign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool— Continued. 



Bates of duty. 



west ixdies — continued. 
Hayli— Continued. 

Manufactures of wool — Continued. 
Merino : 

Small -width 

Large width 

Overcoats, of clot h or kerseymere 

Bibbons, of wool, for mattresses 

Hugs : 

Over 3 feet in length by 1 font in width - 

Under 3 feet in length by 1 foot in width 

Stockings: 

Woolen, for men 

For children, cotton and woolen 

Socks, of woolen e 

Shirts : 

For men, with stomacher of wool 

For soldiers and sailors, of wool, common linen, or ticking — 
Slippers : 

Of wool, common 

Of wool, fine, ordinary 

Shawls, of merino, of wool, and cotton 

Shoes, of knitted wool, called socks, for children 

Trousers, of fine cloth, knitted kerseymere, silk 

Tufts, of wool ' 

"Woven stuffs : 

Woolen, for trousers, thread or cotton, 4-4 

"Woolen, for trousers, thread or cotton, under 4-4 

Woolen thread or cotton, or pure cotton, plain or striped, 4-4.. 

Woolen, for trousers, same as above, under 4-4 

Woolen, for trousers, of 26 inches and under 

Woolen lace : 

Wide 

Narrow 

Umbrellas, of woolen stuffs 

Bombazine, or mourning, of silk and wool, alpaca or other material of- 



$0.08 per ell. 

$0.15 per ell. 

$2.50 each. 

$0.01 per piece of 12 ells. 

$1 each. 
$0.50 each. 

$0.50 per dozen pair. 
$0.20 per dozen pair. 
$0.50 per dozen. 

$0.25 each. 
$1 each. 

$0.75 per dozen. 
$ I per dozen. 
$3 per dozen. 
$0.25 per dozen. 
$1.50 each. 
$0.25 each. 

$0.12 per ell. 
$8.08 per ell. 
$0.06 per ell. 
$n.05 per ell. 
$0.04 per ell. 



like kind, of 30 inches and under. 
Bombazine, of pure wool or goat's hair, of 30 inches and under. 



$0.05 per ell. 
$0.03 per ell. 
$0.30 per ell. 



'.08 per eJl. 
'.06 per ell. 



Porto Rico : 

Wools, bristles, horse-hair, and their manufactures: 
Baw, spun: 

Bristles, horse-hair, hair, and wools of all kinds and their refuse 

Tarn of all kinds 

Textiles : 

Textiles of felt in carpetiugs, horse blankets, and other uses, 

with or without band work 

Carpetings, Brussels, with or without hand work 

Textiles, plain or twilled, of wool only or mixed with other 

materials, with hair on one or both sides, which have 

not been cleansed, as coating, baize, blankets, and 

similar goods 

Cloths, cassimeres, ladies : cloth (elasticotines), lawns, and 

similar goods of wool only 

Same, mixed with cotton . . 

Textiles, worked, crossed, twilled, or damasked, of wool only, 

as met ino. damask, rep, alpaca, serge, and similar goods. 

Same, mixed with cotton 

Textiles, smooth ami plain, of pure wool or mixed with cotton, 

as alpaca, Orleans, fine woolen stuffs, fetaila, flannel; 

and similar goods up to 14 threads 

Same, from 15 to 20 threads 

Same, from 21 threads and upwards - - 

Textiles, knit, of pure wool or mixed with cotton 

Notes. — (1) On all the above rates 6 per cent, additional 

duty. (2) Duties are payable in Spanish gold, but the 

treasury admits payments at present in Mexican silver 

at $1.05203 for $1 Spanish. 



Argentine Republic : 



Wool: 

Unwashed. 
Washed... 



SOUTH AMERICA. 



Export, duties. 



Spanish flag. 



Per 100 kilos. 
$13 12 



1 00 
54 



Foreign flag. 



1 45 
58 



1 29 
1 10 



Bates of duty. 



6 per cent, per 100 kilos. 
Free. 



222 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 65. — Statement showing the Present Tariff Rates of Foreign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool — Continued. 



Rates of duty. 



south amekica— continued. 

Import duties. 

Argentine Republic— Continued. 
Wool — Continued. 

Wool, raw 

Manufactures of wool : 
Flannel : 

Mixed, to 75 centimeters, ordinary 

Mixed, to 75 centimeters, medium 

Mixed goods : 

Cotton, wool, and silk for clothing, common 

Cotton, wool, and silk for clot hing, line 

Meriuos, cotton and wool, 100 centimeters 

Muslins, wool, black or colored 

Cloth 

Undershirts 

Suits for men, wool 

Brazil t 
Wool: 

In the rough, carded, tinted, or prepared in any manner 

In thread: 

Simple, for weaving 

For silk throwing 

Loose, for embroidery 

Note. — Under the tariff system of Brazil certain rates of 
duty are established oaded "duties of consumption," 
to each and every one of which > per cent, is added. 
It is to be noted also that under the recent emancipa- 
tion law a further duty of 5 per cent, has been col- 
lected on all general imposts. This additional duty uf 
65 per cent, has been added in the above rates. 
Chili . 

Wool of sheep : 

Soiled 

Washed 

Of vicuna ■ 

Manufactures of wool : 

Articles which pay a duty of 35 per cent. : 

Boots and shoes, stamped cloth, wool, plush, or felt 

Babies' gaiters, wool or mixed goods 

Same of merino cashmere. 

Carpeting 

Clothing, ready-made — 

Drawers, wool, woolen flannel, or cotton mixture 

Men's and boys' shirts of llannel wool, or with cotton 

mixture 

Sailors' shirts of woolen baize 

Body shirts of woolen point or woolen flannel with cotton 

mixture 

Ladies' capes, cloaks, or mantillas of cloth, cashmere, or 

any woolen goods 

Men's or boys' vests, silk, cloth, cashmere, or wool, with 

or without cotton mixture 

Workmen's jackets of ordinary cloth or baize, with or 

without cotton mixture 

Men's and boys' short jackets of woolen point, with or 

without cotton 

Ladies' or misses' skirts of wool or cotton mixture, plain 

or ornamented 

Goats of caasimere or woolen cloth 

Men's or boys' frock coats of Cassimere Or woolen cloth... 

Mantos of merino or woolen oashmere, bordered, with or 

without braid, &o 

Men's and boys' trousers, oassimere or woolen cloth 

Men's and bo\ s' raglans, cassimere or cloth 

Men's and boys' sacks or blouses, oassimere or cloth 

Men's and boys' overcoats, cassimere or cloth 

Children's suits (2 or 3 pieces) oassimere, wool or cotton 
mixed goods; trousers not more than 85 centimeters 

long 

Ladies' Dath dresses, wool or linen, 2 pieces 

Fringes of wool fordn - -I ming, with or without beads or 

Other material 

Gloves of wool, with or without nap , 

Gloves, woolen point 

Handkerchiefs, cassimere 

Gaps of cloth or any kind of wool, silk, or mixture , 



per cent, per 100 kilos. 



25 per cent, per meter. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 



$o.o2 per pound. 

■ 05 per pound. 
$0.28 per pound. 
$0.31 per pound. 



Free. 
Do. 
Do. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



223 



No. 65. — Statement showing the Present Tariff Rates of Foreign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool — Continued. 



Kates of duty. 



south America— continued. 

Import duties— Continued. 
Chili— Continued. 

Manufactures of ■wool — Continued. 

Articles which pay a duty of 35 per cent — Continued. 

Caps for babes, linen, wool, or silk, resembling hats 

Hats for men or boys of cloth or any kind of wool or silk 

Hats of wool, or silk, or fur, not trimmed or adorned, for chil- 
dren and ladies 

Articles which pay a duty of 25 per cent. : 

Blankets 

. Bunting 

Dry-goods, woolen 

Epaulets, woolen stuff 

Felt, of wool 

FlanDel, of wool 

Fringes or ribbons of wool, with cotton or silk mixture, for up- 
holstering carriages, worked, to 8 centimeters wide . .. 

Hair cloth of wool sersre, with nap, &c 

Hat-forms of floss wool 

Hats of floss-wool for men and boys 

Hats, woolen cloths for forming, cut 

Jerga, of wool. 

Jerga, of wool with cotton, hemp, or jute mixture 

Handkerchiefs of coarse wool, in cases and iu packages 

Laces of wool or ru ixed goods, with or without beads 

Mantos or ponchos of wool 

Plaitings of woolen gauze or tulle for ornaments, with or with- 
out woolen laces or silk threads, up to 8 centimeters 

wide 

Ribbons 

Satin 

Serge 

Stockings, wool, mixed, for men and boys 

Umbrellas, parasols, or hat, covers 

"Woolen or cotton-satin stuff for shoes 

Woolon or silk or cotton-mixed goods for shoes 

Ecuador : 

Wool 

All kind of woolen goods 

Peru : 

Wool: 

Unwashed, 40 per cent 

Wash ed, 40 per cent 

United States of Colombia: 

Wool, raw 

Manufactures of wool : 

Blankets 

Thread for knitting, &c 

Carpets for floor, or rugs 

Baize, heavy coarse cloth, serge 

Transparent fabrics, all kinds of embroidered or meshed fabrics 
and its imitations, including laces, embroidery, and 

the like articles, and ready-made clothing 

All other fabrics not mentioned in this tariff 

"Venezuela : 

Manufactures of wool : 

Blankets 

Wool, manufactured 

Counterpanes, umbrellas 

Alpaca, braid, belts, caps, cravats, cassimere, cassinette, cambrou, 
cord, damask, epaulettes, fancy trimmings, fringes, 
gloves, galloons, lace, nubias, ribbons, stocks, socks, 
saddle-cloths, shawls, serge, tassels, table-cloths, un- 
dershirts 

Curtains, hangings, shirts, shawls, and table-cloths with silk bor- 
der or trimmings 

Adornments and clothing for women and children, cloaks, pale- 
tots, overcoats, ready-made clothes 



ASIA. 

China : 

Wool, raw (import duties) 

Manufactures of wool : 

Blankets 

Broadcloth and Spanish stripes, habit and medium cloth, 51 to 64 

inches wide 

Long ells. 31 inches wide 

Camlets, English, HI inches wide 

Camlets, Dutch, 33 inches wide 



13 

50 per kilogram. 



$0 09 per kilogram. 
12 per kilogram. 

05 per kilogram. 

50 
60 
70 



1 20 



11 08 per 100 pounds. 
6 63 per 100 pounds. 
22 12 per 100 pounds. 



44 23 per 100 pounds. 
88 46 per 100 pounds. 
176 92 per 100 pounds. 

48 per 133. 33 pounds. 
27 per pair. 

16 per chang.* 

06 per chang, 

07 per chang. 
13 per chang. 



'The length of a chang of lOChiueso feet equals 142 English inches. 



224 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 65. — Statement showing the Present Tariff Rates of Foreign Countries 
on Importations of Wool and Manufactures of Wool— Continued. 



Rati a of duty. 



asia — continued. 

Import duties— Continued. 
China— Continued. 

Manufactures of wool— Continued. 

Camlets, imitation and bontbazettea 

Cassimeres, flannel ami narrow cloth 

Lastings, 31 inches wide 

Lastings, imitation, and Orleans, 34 inches wide 

Bantings, not exceeding 24 inches wide, 40 yards long 

Woolen and cotton mixtures : Lusters, plain and brocaded, not ex- 

ceedin g 3 1 yards long 

Woolen inferior Spanish stripes 

Woolen yarn 

Corea, : 

Wool, sheep, and other animals 

Woolens : 

Alpaca 

Blankets 

Camlets 

Flannels 

Lastings 

Lastings, crape 

Long ells 

Merino 

Mousseline de laine 

Serges 

Spanish stripes 

Thibets 

Damasks 

Mixtures 

Japan : 

Woolen manufactures: 

Broad, habit, medium, and narrow cloth — 

Not exceeding 34 inches 

Not exceeding 55 inches 

Exceeding 55 inches 

Spanish stripes 

Cassimeres, flannel, long ells, and serges 

Bunting 

Camlets: 

Dutch 

English . 

Lastings crape lastings and worsted crapes, merinos, and all 
other woolen goods not classed under No. 76 : 

a Not exceeding 34 inches 

b Exceeding 34 inches 

Woolen and cotton mixtures as imitations, camlet imitation, 
Listings, Orleans (plain and figured), lusters (plain 
and figured), alpacas, baratheas, damasks. Italian 
cloth, taffachelass, russell cords, oassandrae, woolen 
fancies, camlet cords, and all other cotten and woolen 
mixtures — 

a Not exceeding 34 inches 

b Exceeding 34 inches 

Blankets and horse-cloths 

Traveling rugs, plaids, and shawls 

Figured woolen table-cloths 

Woolen singlets and drawers 

Woolen and cotton singlets and drawers 

Woolen yarn, plain and dyed 

Siam : 

The treaty of 1836, between the United Stales and siam, regulates 
the tariff, and fixes it at a uniform rate of 3 per cent, 
on the marked value of goods, payable either in kind 
or in money, at the option of the importer. 
British India : 

Wool 



$0 05 per chang. 


OS per chang. 


07 pei chang. 


05 per cbang, 


'JO per piece. 


26 per pieoei 


13 per obang. 


3 90 per 100 catties. 


8 per cent, ad valorem 


Do. 


Do. 


Do. 


Do. 


Do. 


Do. 


Do- 


Do. 


Do. 


De. 


De. 


Do. 


Do. 


Do. 


$0 20 per 10 vards. 


33 per 10 vards. 


41 per 10 yards. 


24 per 10 vards. 


15 per 10 vards. 


06 per 10 yards. 


24 per 10 vards. 


13 pec 10 yards. 


10 per 10 vards. 


15 per 10 yards. 



10 per 10 yards. 

15 per 10 yards. 

]c> per 10 cutties. 

16 each. 
24 eaob, 

26 DflC dozen. 

16 per doEen. 

3 25 per 100 catties 



AUSTRALASIA. 



New South Wales: 

Wool Do. 

Wool packs $o 06 each. 

Victoria : 

Wool, greasy, washed, scoured, and Angora Free. 

JYew Zealand: 

Wool, manufactures 15 per cent, ad valorem. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



225 



No. 06.— Statement showing the Tariff Rates on Foreign and Colonial 
Wool Imported into the United Kingdom from 1818 down to their Abo- 
lition, the Quantities Imported and the Prices of Southdown and Kent 
Long Wool, in each Year from 1818 to 1845. 

[From McCullough's Commercial Dictionary.] 



Tears. 



1818. 
1819 . 
1820. 
1821. 
1822. 
1823. 
1824. 



1826 . 
1827. 
1828 . 



1831 
1832 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1836 
1837 
1838 
1839 

1840 . 

1841 . 
1842 
1843. 
1844 
1845, 



Rates of duty. 



Id. per pound 
6<t per pound . 

, do 

do 



.do 



December, 1824, Id. per pound of Is. 

value ; \d. per pound under Is. value. 

Colonial free 



do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

From June 6, free 
do 



Foreign 

wool 
imported. 



Pounds. 
24, 720, 139 
6, 094, 999 
9, 653, 366 
16, 416, 806 
18, 859, 265 
18, 863, 886 
22, 147, 540 



Colonial 

wool 
imported. 



122, 239 
205, 761 
198,815 
502, 839 
416,945 



351, 
1, 242, 

562, 
1, 607, 

1, 877, 

2, 002, 
2, 541, 

2, 461, 

3, 614, 

3, 770, 

4, 702, 
6, 425, 
9, 434, 

10, 164, 
12, 875, 
12, 938, 
16, 498, 
18, 486, 

21, 151, 

22, 606, 
31, 843, 



TS O 



*. d. 

2 

1 3 

1 4 

1 1 

1 11 

1 

1 1 



10§ 

1 



11 
10 



No. 67. — Statement showing the Quantity of Raw Wool Produced in each of 
the Principal and all other Wool-producing Countries of the World. 

[From the TJebersichten der "Wolt-Wirthschaft, by Dr. F. X. von Neumann-Spallart, Stuttgart, 1887.] 



Countries of production. 



Quantities 
produced. 



Europe : 

Russia (1884) 

Great Britain and Ireland * (1885) 

France (1882) 

Spain t (1878) 

Germany : (1881) 

Hungary § (1885) 

Italy (1874) 

Austria ( 1 883) 

Portugal (?) , 

Belgium (?) 

Sweden (1884) 

All other Europe 

Total Europe 



Pounds. 
262, 966, 000 
135, 936, 000 
80,138,000 
66, 138. 000 
54, 894, 000 
43, 146, 000 
21, 385, 000 
11.155.000 
10, 362, 000 
4, 409, 000 
3, 307, 000 
8,818,000 

702, 654, 000 



* Estimate by the " Bradford Observer." 

t An estimate of 3.9 pounds of wool per head of 17,000,000 sheep. 
\ Estimated fiom the export accounts. 

§ Estimate of 3 9 pounds of wool per head on the whole number of sheep in Hungary, Croatia, and 
Slavonia. 



5402 wool- 



-15 



226 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



No. 67.— Statement showing the Quantities of Raw Wool Produced in each 
of the Principal and all other Wool-producing Countries of the World— 
Continued. 



Countries of production. 



North America : 

United States (1834) 

British North American Provinces (1884) 
South America : 

Argentine Republic (exports 1885) 

Uruguay (exports 1884) 

Asia and Australasia: 

Australasia * (exports 1885-86) , 

British East Indies (exports 1885-'86) 

Turkey, Asiatic and Persia (estimated) . .. 
Africa: 

Cape Colony (exports 1885) 

Natal (exports 1885) 

All other countries t , 



Pounds. 
307, 588. 000 
4, 409, 000 

283, 047, 000 
59, 084, 000 

455. 470, 000 
23, 120. 000 
13, 228. 000 

29, 299, 000 
17, 306. 000 
88, 185, 000 

Total production ; 1,983,396,000 



Quantities 
produced. 



* From the estimates of " The Export," 1886. 

t Estimate, by Jacoms, Son &. Co. Includes wools from Brazil, Chili, Algiers. Egypt, Tunis, &c. 

X Only a few countries have attempted to collect statistics of the actual production of raw (un- 
washed) wool. The usual method of arriving at the annual production is a valuation based on the 
average yield of wool per head of the whole number of sheep in the country. This table must therefore 
only be regarded as a "general view " and does not claim to be accurate as to the several amounts of 
wool produced. 



No. 



-Statement showing the Number of Sheep and Lambs of the various 
Countries of the World at the dates named. 



[From Report of the Department of Agriculture No. 37, January and February, 1887.] 



Countries. 


Tears. 


Sheep and 
lambs. 


Goats. 


North America : 


1887 

1881 
1881 
1881 
1881 
1881 
1881 
1881 

1881 

1886 
1885 
1875 
1885 
1880 
1884 

1883 
1885 
1686 

1884 
1883 

1880 
1880 
1884 
1880 
1881 
1885 
1883 
1886 
1886 
1886 
1886 

Hungary. 


44, 759, 314 








Canada: 


2, 249, 011 
377, 801 
221. 163 
6,073 
166, 496 
27, 788 
340 
































Total 


3, 048, 678 










1, 610, 949 
1(1, 337 
28, 766 
13,890 
1 8, 6911 
417, 577 
























South America: 


3, 000, 000 


Do 


75, 000, 000 

516.975 

15.921,(169 

*3, 490, 563 

3.811,340 

9,838,133 

10. 594, 831 

365, 400 

1,548,613 
22, 616. 547 
19,189,715 
28, 955, '.'40 
25.520,718 

3, 367, 722 
66, 800 








5,656 




(*) 


Europe : 

Austria-Hungary : 


1,006,675 






Do 


270, IDS 




248, 755 




9,331 








2, 639, 994 












:::::::::::: 






* Goats are included with sheep. 

t In the figures for 1880, Croatia and Slavouia are included with 






WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



227 



No. 68.— Statement showing the Number of Sheep and Lambs of the various 
Countries of the World at the dates named— Continued. 



Sheep and 
lambs. 



Europe — Continued. 

Greece' 

Italy 

N et herlands 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia in Europe 2 

Servia 

Spain 

Sweden and Norway : 

Sweden 

Norway 

Switzerland 

Turkey in Europe : 3 

Eastern Roumelia . 
Asia: 

Russia: 1 

Caucasia 

Transcaucasia 6 

India: 7 

Madras 

Bombay and Sind. . 

PuDJab 

Central Provinces . 

British Burmah 

Mysore 

Berar 

Ceylon 

Africa: 

Algeria 

Do 

Cape of Gopd Hope 9 ... 

Natal 

Mauritius 10 

Orange Free State 

Australasia: 
Australia : 

New South Wales . 

"Victoria 

South Australia . 

Western Australia 

Queensland 

New Zealand 

Tasmania 

Fiji Islands 

Oceania: 

Tahiti and Moorea 



1877 
1881 
1884 
1870 
1884 
1882 
1882 
1878 

1884 
1875 
1886 



( 5 ) 
( 5 ) 

1877-78 
1877-'78 
1877-'78 
1877-78 
1877-78 
1877-78 
1877-78 
1884 



1884 
1881 



1885 
18a5 



2, 921, 917 

8, 596, 108 

752, 949 

2, 977, 454 
4, 654. 776 

47, 508, 906 

3, 620, 750 



L, 410, 177 

1, 686, 306 

337, 905 



4, 544, 300 

5, 067, 500 

4, 600, 000 

8 3,300,000 

8 3, 850, 000 

8641, 000 

8 20,000 

81,590,000 

«386, 000 

53, 757 

6, 992, 218 
6, 056, 683 

11, 279, 743 
535, 482 
8 30, 000 

"5, 056, 301 



34, 551, 622 
10, 664, 598 
6, 6b6, 406 
1, 702, 719 
8, 994, 322 
14, 624, 547 
1, 648, 627 
5,869 



2, 016, 307 
156, 255 



1, 374. 805 

725, 700 

3, 813, 000 

101, 496 
322, 861 
414, 584 



3,000 



3, 293, 033 
3, 618, 392 



( 8 > 
673, 924 



l Hl,429 
1,300 



I Thessaly, which has become a part of the Greek Kingdom since 1877, is not included in these fig- 
ures. The number of live-stock in this province has been estimated to include 2,000,000 oxod, 
1,500,000 sheep, and 1,000,000 goats. 

^Exclusive of Poland. 

'There are no returns available for Turkey proper, and none for any of her tributary States except 
Eastern Roumelia. 

4 There are no returns for Asiatic Russia except from Caucasia and a part of Transcaucasia. 

6 These figures are not of uniform date, but were gathered from 1874 to 1883. 

6 These figures embrace statistics from the provinces of Bakou, Tiflis, Elizabethpol, Erivan, and 
Koutais. 

7 This statement is exclusive of the Northwest Provinces and Oudh and Bengal, with several minor 
provinces and all the native States except Mysore. 

8 Goats are included with sheep. 

9 Including 217,732 cattle, 35,357 horses, 303,080 sheep, and 15,635 swine in Basutoland. 

50 Approximate statement. 

"Merinos. 

II Angora goats. 



223 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



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TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 



WOOL AND MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



SPECIAL EEPORT 



RELATING TO I 

THE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF WOOL AND ITS MANUFACTURES IN 

THE UNITED STATES AND THE PRINCIPAL FOREIGN COUNTRIES ; 

ALSO ITS PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND MANUFACTURE ; 

ALSO THE TARIFF DUTIES IMPOSED ON THE IMPORTS 

OF WOOL AND THE MANUFACTURES OF WOOL, 

FROM 1789 TO THE PRESENT TIME, 

ETC., ETC., ETC, 



PREPARED BY THE 

CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF STATISTICS, 

TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTirTtt OFFICE. 

18 8 7. 









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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

IIIHliiiltlili 



017 377 624 A 



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